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ORCHID WORLD. 


A Monthly Illustrated Journal entirely devoted 
to Orchidology. 


EDITED BY 


GUN yr WILSON, -F.L.S., 


Member of the Scientific and Orchid Committees of the 
Royal Horticultural Society. 


© 


VOL AIT. 


With many Illustrations. 


HAYWARDS HEATH, SUSSEX. 
I9t3. 


ALABASTER, PASSMORFE & SONS, LTD., 
PRINTERS, 


LONDON AND MAIDSTONE. 


Printed in Great Britain. 
———x&g&OooorEeoOo_ _—_—_——— 


OCTOBER: 1912. 
——— 6 so oe ee 


NOTES: 


MEDALS FOR ORCHIDS—At the Carlisle 


and Cumberland Horticultural Society's 
Show, Sept. 4th and 5th, a Silver Medal was 
awarded to Sir Benjamin Scott, Mayor of 
Carlisle, for a well-grown group of Orchids. 
At the Glasgow and West of Scotland Horti- 
cultural Centenary Show, September 4th, 5th, 
and Oth, Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons were 
awarded a Gold Medal, and Messrs. Sander 
and Sons received a First-class Certificate of 
Merit for collections of choice Orchids. 


ORCHID PRIZES.—In connection with the 
Brussels Exhibition, October 26th, 27th and 
28th, Mons. Firmin Lambeau is giving a Gold 
Medal value 100 francs for the best collection 
of Cattleya and Lelo-Cattleya hybrids, and 
Mons. Ch. Dietrich offers a Gold Medal of 
equal value for the finest collection of 25 
species, varieties or hybrids. Three Gold 
Medals are also offered for the best tables 
decorated with Orchid flowers. The Man- 
chester Orchid Society has received a hand- 
some Silver Trophy, the gift of Mr. Eric F. 
Davidson, which will be awarded for Odonto- 
glossums and their hybrids. 


MAXILLARIA TENUIFOLIA——Amateurs will 
find this species one of the easiest to grow, for 
it is in no way very particular as to the tem- 
perature or atmosphere cf the house. <A 


somewhat shady place in a greenhouse where 


VOL. Tl. 


the temperature ranges from 50 to 70 degrees 
ill always ensure the plant making  satis- 
factory growth. This species is a native of 
Mexico, where it was found by Theodore 
Hartweg, an excellent naturalist, employed by 
the Royal Horticultural Society, in Mexico, 
upon a mission which would have produced 
most important additions to our gardens had 
not his collections been detained at Tampico 
in consequence of the French blockade of that 
port. This plant, which flowered so long ago 
as 1839 in the Society’s garden at Chiswick, 
has upright stems upon which are many bulbs, 
the flowers appearing from the axils of the 
scales covering the stem. The individual 
blossoms are about an inch and three-quarters 
across, of duil yellow colour heavily spotted 
with crimson, the apices of the segments being 
almost entirely covered with the same colour. 


aN 
WANA 


CYPRIPEDIUM GODEFROY.— Introduced 
from Cochin China by M. Godefroy, of 
Augentieul, near Paris, this species first 
flowered in November, 1883, and at the 
Orchid Show and Conference held by the 
Royal Horticultural Society, 1885, Mr. Wm. 
Lee, of Downside, Leatherhead, received a 
First-class Certificate for a strong plant which 
he exhibited on the occasion. Like niveum 
and concolor, it grows wild on the calcareous 
rocks on the side of a mountain, where it 
obtains a considerable amount of sunshine. 


aes) 


A USEFUL CATALOGUE.—Nothing 1s more 
conducive to the advancement of Orchid 
culture than properly constructed houses. The 
new illustrated catalogue issued by Messrs. 
Wm. Duncan Tucker and Sons, Ltd, 1s fuil of 
interesting photographic reproductions of all 
that appertains to horticultural buildings. 
Consisting of 120 pages, it forms a book 
worthy of every Orchid grower’s 
perusal, for many encouraging suggestions are 


careful 


obtainable from the illustrations. 


The late J. S. Bergheim. 


OBITUARY.—We much regret to record the 
death of Mr. J. S. Bergheim, of Belsize Court, 
Hampstead, who died on the roth ult., in his 
7oth year, the result of a motor-car accident. 
Mr. Bergheim was a keen naturalist, being 
especially interested in the various scientific 
points of plant life, and was never more happy 
than when discussing with members of his 
large circle of friends one of the many sub- 
jects he had studied. Almost every year he 
made a journey to some distant country, and 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [October, 1912. 


his return never failed to bring many addi- 
tions to the collection of curiosities at Belsize 
Park. His Orchid houses contained numerous 
specimens, mostly of botanical and scientific 
interest, which he had from time to time col- 
lected. At the Royal Horticultural Society he 
often exhibited specimens, and as recently as 
August 27th he received an Award of Merit 
for Angraecum O'Brienianum. The scientific 
aspect of plant reproduction continually en- 
gaged his attention, and almost to his last day 
he endeavoured to discover the use of the long 
tail-like gland attached to the pollen masses 
of Ornithocephalus grandiflorus. Mr. Berg- 
heim was a high example of one of Nature's 
apt students, and he will be sadly missed by 
the many whom he oftentimes entertained. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISTATUM.—-A native 
of Ecuador, this species is but rarely seen in 
cultivation. The small flowers, seldom more 
than two and a half inches across and of a 
light yellow colour almost covered with dark 
brown blotches, have little to recommend them 
for decorative effect. Nearly all the small- 
flowered species have one or two prominent 
specific characters which no amount of hybridi- 
sation is, apparently, able to exterminate. In 
cristatum the multi-partite spiny crest of the 
labellum is developed to a remarkable degree, 
and its influence is clearly discernible in the 
hybrids of which it is the progenitor. Ecuador 
is also the home of Odontoglossum Kegeljanu, 
better known in gardens as Polyxanthum, 
which occasionally becomes intercrossed with 
cristatum and produces the natural hybrid 
known as cristatellum, and this, apart from 
other peculiarities, interestingly demonstrates 
the strong inheritable nature of the latter 
species’ spiny crest. In order to further test 
cristatum’s power Mr. de Barri Crawshay 
united cristatellum with Odontoglossum Craw- 
shayanum, the latter, a garden-raised hybrid 
between the two large flowering species Halli 
and Harryanum. The spiny crest, as antici- 
pated, not only appeared as strongly developed 
as ever in the resulting hybrid, known as 
Amneris, but also carried along with it much 
of the Kegeljanu form and colour markings. 


October, 1912. | LAE ORCE MD 


THE ORIGIN OF ORCHID BASKETS.—Sir 
Joseph Banks, one of the first organisers of 
the Royal Horticultural Society, may be said 
to have originated the idea of growing 
Orchids in baskets. He practised the foliow- 
ing method with considerable success in his 
hot-house at Isleworth. The plants were 
placed separately in light cylindrical wicker 
baskets or cages of suitable width, of which 
the framework was of long slender twigs 
wattied together at the bottom, the upper por- 
tion being left open in order that the plant 
might extend its growth in any direction and 
yet be kept steady in its place, the ends of 
the twigs having been tied together by the 
twine that suspends the whole to the wood- 
work of the stove. A thin layer of vegetable 
mould was strewed on the floor of the basket 
on which the rootstock was placed, and then 
covered slightly over with a sufficiency of 
moss to shade it and preserve a due degree of 
moisture. 

LALIA CRISPA——The exhibiting by Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co. at a recent meeting of the 
Royal Horticultural Society of a large speci- 
men Lelia crispa with no less than 45 buds 
and flowers is in these days worthy of note. 
Lindley gave it the name crispa in reference 
to its curled or crisped petals. Sir Joseph 
Paxton, in his Magazine of Botany, Vol. V., 
p- 5, gives a good figure of a seven-flowered 
spike growing at Chatsworth in the summer 
of 1837. He regarded it as a striking illus- 
tration of the high degree of perfection to 
which Orchidaceous plants would eventually be 
brought when their habits, and the treatment 
they require in cultivation, were understood 
among the admirers of this the most beautiful, 
and by far the most interesting, family of 
plants in the vegetabte world. Paxton also 
mentions the fan-like arrangement of the 
flowers upon the statk, the depth of richness 
in the velvety purple of the lip, and the snowy 
whiteness of the undulated sepals and petals 
contrasted with the deep green of the leaves. 
The species is a native of Rio Janeiro, whence 
it was sent, in 1826, to the London Horticul- 
tural Society by Sir Henry Chamberlayne, 
Bart. In early days, when it was the custom 


WORLD. 3 


to grow almost all Orchids in great heat, 
this species, then known as a Cattleya, was 
regarded as a notable exception to the rule, 
and it is interesting to read Paxton’s remark 
that “ Cattleyas thrive best in a degree of heat 
below that required for the major part of 
Orchidaceous plants; they are best set at the 
coolest end of the house, for they are too few 
in number to have a house appropriated to 
themseives.” What would Paxton have said 
to present-day Cattleya houses? Our diffi- 
culty is not how to find sufficient plants, but 
how to determine which species and hybrids 
to discard. 


OrcHID HousEs.—Admitting that baskets 
and blocks are injurious to plants growing in 
pots beneath, the question arises, what is to 
be done with the basket and block tribes? In 
my opinion it would be good policy, in the 
case of two houses being considered neces- 
sary, to have one ail stages or shelves for the 
pots and boxes, etc., and the other devoid of 
shelves, and fitted up to suspend the blocks 
and baskets from. I am perfectly aware it 
will be said that this arrangement would not 
be ccnsistent with the habits cf the plants, or 
to the climate they come from—those from 
the Eastern hemisphere, as is well known, 
requiring generally both more heat and more 
moisture. Now, this will, and may be said 
with truth; and, at first sight, the objection 
appears insuperable. But for my own part, [| 
should not fear of being able so to construct 
a house, as that both heat and moisture 
should be much greater at one end than the 
other ; and that all intermediate climes should 
be fairly represented between, as far as the 
wants of the Orchids required it. Now, in 
the block or basket house, provision might be 
made for a much greater amount of atmo- 
spheric moisture than in the pot-house; and, 
indeed, there would be no absolute necessity 
for having the house exclusively arranged for 
blocks and baskets; several modifications oi 
the ordinary lean-to or span might be taken 
into consideration, which would in a proper 
degree combine, in part, shelf culture for 
special matters.—R. ERRINGTON, 1850. 


4 AMss, ONRKEISUUD) 


WORLD. 


[October, 1912. 


Cypripedium callosum Sandere, a specimen plant grown by Mr. H. G. Alexander, 
in the Westonbirt Collection. 


CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM SANDER£E. 


YPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM was im- 
é& ported from Siam by Mons. Regnier, 


Fontenay-sur-Bois, France, about the 
year 1880. Some six or seven years later the 
albino form Sanderz was discovered. During 
the autumn of 1893 it flowered in Mr. R. H. 
Measure’s collection at Streatham, and in 1894 
Messrs. Sander and Sons exhibited it at the 
Temple Show, when it was awarded a First- 
class Certificate. The above illustration 
depicts a specimen plant in the Westonbirt 
collection, where it has been so successfully 
grown by Mr. H. G. Alexander. The strong 
habit of the plant is well displayed, the large 
graceful white flowers are elegantly striped 


with emerald-green, and make a pleasing con- 
trast to the many rich purple and red tinted 
varieties which prove such useful adornments 
to our Orchid houses during the autumn 
months. C. callosum Sandere and C. Law- 
renceanum Hyeanum are the parents of the 
beautiful albino C. Maudiz, an illustration of 
which was given in the ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol. IL. p. 206. C.Holdenu, figured in Vol. IL, 
p. 60, is the result of crossing C. Maudiz with 
C. callosum Sander, and is considered one of 
the largest albino Cypripediums. C. Memoria 
Alma Gevaert, produced by crossing C. Law- 
renceanum Hyeanum with C. Maudie, was 
exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 


October, 1912.] THE “ORCHID 


at the Royal Horticultural Society, August 
27th, 1912. It is a very grand albino hybrid. 
We have, therefore, two albino species pro- 
ducing an albino hybrid which has again been 
crossed with both its parents, making, in all, 
three elegant albino hybrids. 


AMONG THE ORCHIDS. 


A CHELSEA MEmory. 
By INEZ DICKINSON CUTTER. 


HAT a wonder world it was, that 

World of Orchids! There were 

slender green trumpets to herald 

the gatherings of woodland presences. There 

were orchid drinking horns with wine-red 

edges; curious Indian vessels at once young 

and hoary, brilliant and sad; and dark orchid 
cups filled with opiate dreams. 

There was Nature’s first thought of a 
butterfly and her latest ideal, gorgeous and 
velvet-winged. There were soft nests pillow- 
ing grey-green eggs from one of which a 
yellow bird-orchid had just emerged. There 
were strange orchid creatures, spotted and 
striped, crouching in green lairs, purposeful 
and sinister. 

There were mischievous orchid fairies, violet 
clad, dancing with rhythmic arms outspread, 
in a hidden dell, and through deep shades 
one caught glimpses of the fair faces and 
green garments of a group of orchid nymphs, 
pressing close together, breathless, as if 
startled by some human sound. 

There were tiny infant faces in frilled caps, 
and near them quaint, old-lady orchids, wise 
and somewhat gloomy, their long bonnet 
strings untied. There were maiden orchids 
gazing at life in a white wonder that was not 
yet questioning; there were pallid bride 
orchids, and brides with a faint rose flush, 
half of shrinking and half of longing. There 
were orchids which offered cool deeps of quiet 
tenderness and blooms of open enticement, of 
passionate, intoxicating fulness. There were 
orchid lasses on a country holiday dressed in 
homely, patterned fabrics, and grand orchid 


VOL. III. 


WORLD. 5 


ladies in all the richness of velvet and plumes 
and the daintiness of frills and fringes 

There was a troupe of palest pink blooms 
advancing softly, breathing harmonies. These 
were united by sympathy, yet were separate 
as souls. There were solitary blossoms of 
profound whiteness, orchid mystics, whispering 
of the deeper knowing. 

There were small yellow orchids, brilliant 
as light, that had drunk the spirit of the sun. 
There were sprays of snowy orchids like a 
waterfall’s foam, and orchid bushes that flamed 
yet were not consumed. 

There were lovely and fantastic orchid 
forms not to be named, delicate fancies, Fra 
Angelicos of wings and colour wrought by 
Nature in gentle mood ; rich marvels that had 
woven into themselves the very mysteries 
of the dark earth; piercing, mind-like 
blossoms, keen as golden rays, that could leave 
no fine secret of Nature’s unpenetrated ; 
and here and there velvety eyes peered and 
questioned. 

What was there not in that orchid world,— 
insect and bird and beast, wood sprite and 
maid and matron, sensualist and soul that 
aspired! Symbols were they, the orchids, of 
the world we know. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


LALIO-CATTLEYA RUBIGINOSA.—C. Schil- 
leriana x L. Boothiana has produced this 
hybrid in the Rosslyn collection from whence it 
was exhibited by Mr. H. T. Pitt at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, September roth, 1912. 
Although the specific name indicates “ rusty ” 
the colour of the sepals and petals is a shining 
crimson-purple. The broad and open labellum 
is of a rosy lilac-purple, with darker veining 
of the same colour. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA VENUSTA.— This uncom- 
monly coloured hybrid between L.-C. Schil- 
leriana and L.-C. Aphrodite has been raised 
and flowered by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 
The plant carried a spike of five flowers, 
almost white, but with the larger part of the 
sepals and petals handsomely marked with 
distinct rose-purple blotches. The labellum is 
bordered and blotched with the same colour. 


6 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


LALIO-CATTLEYA FRED. GoTT.—The 
result of crossing C. bicolor with L.-C. Mar- 
tinettu. The large flower has bronze coloured 
sepals and petals with a slight rose flushing ; 
an elongated bright purple lip with a yellow 
spot exactly under the stigma of the white 
column. Raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 
This hybrid is a near relation, both in name 
and parentage, to L.-C. Walter Gott (C. 
bicolor x L.-C. bletchleyensis). 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA Mrs. DONALD MACc- 
MASTER—In this attractive hybrid between C. 
aurea and L.-C. luminosa the large proportion 
on the former parent is visible in the golden- 
yellow sepals and petals which are slightly 
suffused with reddish-rose. The broad, open 
labellum is purple colour with fine gold lines 


[October, 1912. 


at the base. Exhibited by Mr. Francis Wel- 
lesley at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
September roth, 1912. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA MEMORIA H. A. TRACY. 
—This hybrid was mentioned in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. IL., p. 226, as a plant in the “ Fair- 
lawn” collection, where it flowered, but 
without being exhibited. The parentage is 
L.-C. Canhamiana x C. Hardyana, and the 
resulting hybrid carried a very large flower of 
fine substance. Sepals and petals rosy-lilac ; 
the labellum exceedingly well developed, 
crimped at the edge, of intense purple-crim- 
son, with yellow disc and veining at the base. 
Exhibited by Mr. H. S. Goodson at the 
Royal Horticultural Society, September 1oth, 
IQI2. 


THE ORCHID: CONFERENCE: OF Slts>: 


by the Royal Horticultural Society, 

was held at South Kensington, May 
13th, 1885. At that time it was considered 
one of the greatest successes ever known in 
Floral Exhibitions, and one, moreover, with a 
special object in view, every point of which 
was brought to the desired conclusion. 
Besides an extensive and splendid show, last- 
ing two days, there was a conference attended 
by a numerous and influential body of Orchid 
growers, and which tended to advance the 
objects of the Society, viz., to exhibit a repre- 
sentative collection of Orchids in flower, 
together with any other objects desirable for 
their culture, and to spread a knowledge of 
their habits and requirements. 

At the conclusion of the Conference Mr. 
Holbrook Gaskell, a leading Orchid amateur 
of Liverpool, whose name is to this day 
commemorated in Cattleya Gaskelliana, 
remarked: “I strongly hope that the Council 
of the Royal Horticultural Society will see 
their way clear to make this an annual con- 
ference. I am quite sure that the oftener it is 
held the more largely it will be attended.” 
Yet notwithstanding the success of the enter- 
prise the Fellows of the Society have waited 
more than 27 years for what might and should 
have been an annual event. 


a | ‘HE last Orchid Conference, organised 


However, much as an annual conference 
would have, undoubtedly, stimulated Orchid 
growing and assisted amateurs in obtaining a 
better knowledge of the various requirements 
of the different genera, the fact remains that 
Orchid growers have largely increased in 
number, not only in this country but in every 
civilised part of the universe. 

To what then may such a great advance in 
this pleasurable pursuit be attributed? First 
and foremost to the beauteous coloration of 
the fantastical flowers which Orchids possess ; 
and, secondly, to the possession of a rare, and 
oftentimes unique object of great value that is 
highly prized and admired by brother horti- 
culturists. There is a pleasure in admiration. 

The frequent discovery of a new species, or 
even albino forms, for many years created an 
entrancing interest, but the supply of these, 
the designing of which had occupied probably 
thousands of years, would not hold out for 
ever, the limit had been almost reached, and 
Orchidists were looking for pastures new 
upon which to turn their attention. 

With the year 1885 amateurs commenced to 
appreciate the work of the hybridists who had 
recently devoted their attention to the Orchid 
family. And this none too soon, for although 
about 60 genera and some 350 species 
and varieties were represented at the last 


October, 1912. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Conference, there was not only a great same- 
ness in the many purple, or white flowers, but 
the specific vigour of the plants was never 
equal to the unnatural conditions of cultiva- 
tion to which amateurs, in their partial 
ignorance of the plants’ requirements, sub- 
jected their specimens. Hybrids alone pos- 
sessed the necessary constitutional strength. 

To the hybridist, therefore, much of the 
present popularity of Orchid growing is due. 
The intercrossing of species which in them- 
selves have little beauty has more than once 
produced an excellent result: the rich colour- 
ing of a small flowering species when united 
to a member of the same or near related 
genus possessing large but poorly coloured 
flowers has often resulted in a hybrid of great 
merit: and the cultivation in the same house 
and final hybridisation of species which, geo- 
graphically, are separated by thousands of miles 
is an achievement worthy of every reward. 

To fully describe the remarkable transition 
that has taken place since the last conference 
would be a laborious work, but a few out- 
standing facts cannot be left unmentioned. 

In 1885 only some half-dozen Dendrobium 
hybrids were known, one of which, D. Ains- 
worthu, is still familiar to many. Even D. 
Cybele had not yet flowered, although several 
large plants existed. Who can now correctly 
state the total number of existing hybrids in 
this genus. A recent and great success has 
been the production of yellow flowering 
hybrids by the use of D. signatum and D. 
aureum, and D. chessingtonense may be con- 
sidered as the finest example. 

Cattleyas included less than a _ dozen 
hybrids. C. Hardyana was only known as a 
natural hybrid, and rare as it was, no one then 
thought of the great reward that awaited the 
hybridist who produced a white sepaled and 
petaled variety by the use of C. Warscewiczii 
var. Frau Melanie Beyrodi. The creation of 
such Orchids as C. Iris and C. Venus was 
beyond the wildest dreams of the workers who 
were unable to produce anything else than 
poor shaped flowers of a dull purple colour. 
True, there were albino species, but albino 
hybrids in those early days were among the 
Orchids still unanticipated. 


N 


Phalenopsis species had been united, and a 
few hybrid plants had been raised in different 
collections, but not one had flowered before 
the Conference date. It should, however, be 
mentioned that one or more named natural 
hybrids were already under cultivation. 


Masdevallia seedlings were few and far 
between, no doubt owing to the many unsuc- 
cessful attempts which had been made to 
intercross the various sections. The Chimera 
forms, so distinct from all others, always 
refuse to be united to any members of other 
sections. Many amateurs will agree that the 
flowers would remain most effective when left 
in their specific form. 


Lelio-Cattleyas had not reached the high 
state of popularity which they now enjoy. 
Yet, strange to say, the early ones included 
four which at the present time are still among 
the best hybrids. These are bella, callisto- 
glossa, Canhamiana, and Dominiana. 

Selenepedium hybrids were known at an 
early date, and Cypripediums were best repre- 
sented by C. nitens, this the result of crossing 
insigne with villosum. 

Odontoglossum hybrids were restricted to 
the natural ones which, from time to time, 
appeared in importations of the various 
species. A period of several years clapsed 
between the date of the Orchid Conference 
and the flowering of the first one artificially 
raised. 

Calanthes were more than proportionally 
represented, possibly owing to the compara- 
tive ease with which they can be raised, and 
to the short time which they require to attain 
flowering condition. 

Hybrids of Sophronitis grandiflora were 
unknown. It was not until August, 1886, that 
the first Sophronitis hybrid, S.-C. Batemaniana, 
C. intermedia x S. grandiflora, flowered. 

Last, but not least, the establishment by the 
Royal Horticultural Society of the Orchid 
Committee, March 26th, 1889, created one of 
the most important landmarks in the history 
of Orchid cultivation. Before this date all 
Orchids exhibited at the Society’s meetings 
were judged by Members of the Floral 
Committee. 


8 THE ORCHID 


Mr. D. Cameron (on the right) superintending the cutting of Osmunda fibre for Messrs. Sander & Sons, 


WORLD. 


[October, 1912. 


in their own lands, State of New York, U.S.A. 
OSMUNDA FIBRE. 


SMUNDA fibre has almost entirely 
taken the place of peat. This is not 
surprising, for the great difficulty 

experienced in obtaining the latter material 
in really good fibrous condition has always 
been a genuine cause of complaint among 
Orchid growers. 

With Osmunda fibre there is but little 
waste, not one-tenth part of that found in the 
usual peat, however good it may be. The 
fibre is of longer lasting quality, and when 
used for Cattleyas and their hybrids results 
beyond all expectation have been achieved. 
Little wonder then that its use has become 
so universal. 

Various atmospheres and cultural methods 
will demand some slight difference in its 
usage. Some growers use it in its imported 
state, others obtain better results by the 


addition of sphagnum moss, while not a few 
have reaped considerable success by using a 
large proportion of it in their special compost. 

Some amateurs completely fill the pots with 
Osmunda ; others fill one-third of the pot with 
crocks, yet each maintains that his method 
produces the finest results. The fact is that 
in Osmunda we have a material eminently 
suitable for all growers and all methods. The 
one thing needed is that every grower must 
work out his own success by experimenting 
with the material in accordance with the class 
of Orchid and the atmosphere with which he 
has to contend. 

In Osmunda, as in all fibres, no matter what 
they are, several grades will be discovered, 
and this in no way detrimental to its welfare, 
but, in fact, advantageous, for the finest may 
be selected for tender seedlings and_ the 


October, 1912.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 9 


stronger or coarser kind 
for the larger plants that 
have reached flowering 
SIZe. 

Auitin spiubaints:, more 
especially Orchids, possess 
the power of adapting 
themselves, and this in no 
smail way, to a changed 
condition of surroundings. 
But for this aptitude many 
of our finest plants would 
long since have perished 
and remain forgotten. 

The adaptation of the 
plant does not take place 
at a rapid rate, and, great 
as the possibilities are, all 
extreme changes must be 
carried out with discretion, 
or failure will be our only 
reward. Thus we may 
learn the reason why poor 
results oftentimes follow 
the taking of a delicate 
plant from a soft compost 
of leaf-soil or moss and 
placing it immediately 
into Osmunda fibre. True it is that the plants 
eventually make sturdy growth, but if the 
compost had been gradually altered during 
successive pottings and the plant thereby 
allowed to slowly become accustomed to its 
better and more lasting compost a much more 
rapid reaching of the flowering condition 
would be produced, for the plant would 
receive the minimum amount of check. 

How often should water be applied is an 
important question frequently asked by 
amateurs. No definite answer can be given, 
for so many factors, such as size or kind of 
pot or basket the plants are growing in, the 
amount of atmospheric moisture present, and 
the condition or vigour of the plant, all have 
some bearing on the question. 

Excess of moisture at the root inevitably 
brings rapid decay of these organs of nutrition, 
while an overdryness frequently produces a 
stunted habit of growth. The happy medium 
is only produced by careful attention and 


The packing of a large consignment of Osmunda fibre for 
Messrs. Sander G Sons, State of New York, U.S.A. 


studying the p.ants’ natural requirements and 
climate. Stiff and fleshy growing species will 
stand and, in fact, delight in a somewhat dry 
compost, yet others with thin and delicate 
foliage require an almost constant supply of 
moisture. Of the former class a good 
example is Brassavola Digbyana, and of the 
latter Odontoglossum crispum. 

The porous nature of Osmunda readily 
admits of a larger supply of water being given 
to the plant than if the compost consisted of 
leaf-soil or soft peat ; but here again discretion 
is required, for much will depend on whether 
the fibre is loosely or very tightly packed in 
the pot. An overmoist condition encourages 
the growth of slime and other low forms of 
vegetable life which greatly retard the 
aeration of the compost, and nothing is more 
distasteful to a plant than to be kept in a 
sour, badly ventilated compost. 

Large solid masses of Osmunda make 
useful receptacles upon which to place certain 


10 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Orchids requiring a pendulous position in 
which to grow. Suitable species for this 
method are Scuticaria Steelu, Epidendrum 
falcatum, and Cattleya citrina. The only 
extra expenditure is a piece of stout copper 
wire firmly inserted in the fibre and with its 
free end bent into a hook. Orchids grown 


[October, 1912. 


in this manner have a peculiar and tropical 
appearance all their own, and cannot fail to 
please both cultivator and visitor, for they 
prove a source of interest but rarely seen in 
ordinary greenhouses devoted to general 
florists’ flowers. 


THE WEST BANK HOUSE COLLECTION. 
HEATON MERSEY, LANCS. 


WENTY-ONE years have passed since 
ls the first Orchids were obtained for 
the commencement of this now well- 
known collection, and it was sixteen years ago 
that the plants were removed to West Bank 
House, the present residence of J. Leemann, 
Esq. It would, indeed, be difficult to 
find a more comprehensive assemblage of 
rarities, more especially so in the albino 
section, for there are no less than 500 strong 
plants of white Cattleyas, including the 
finest forms of Warner, gigas, labiata, and 
Gaskelliana. 

Form and size are of paramount importance 
in this collection. Albino forms of the small 
growing species, as, for instance, Lelia pumila 
alba and Cattleya Percivaliana alba, are not 
represented, but their place is more than 
filled by those with larger flowers. Cattleya 
Mossi albinos include all the well-known 
varieties and a few which are unique. It is 
impossible to describe their remarkable form 
and beauty. 

The extensive range of glass houses com- 
prises a section entirely devoted to Orchid 
culture, and consisting of eight span-roof 
houses, each 50 feet in length, and a com- 
modious lean-to house. A_ well-arranged 
potting shed with ample means for securing a 
good light is also provided, and a ready 
reference to the flowers is always obtainable 
from the numerous paintings which are care- 
fully and methodically stored in several 
cabinets. The somewhat unique construction 
is the result of Mr. Leemann’s careful investi- 
gation and long experience in matter apper- 
taining to Orchid culture. 

Above the ordinary roof of the Cattleya 


houses a second one, nearly similar, has been 
erected, the intervening space being about 
seven inches. Along the bottom and a few 
inches above the rain-water gutter 1s a one- 
inch hot-water pipe which maintains the inter- 
vening atmosphere at a comfortable :empera- 
ture; in fact, even in the depth of winter, 
when twenty or more degrees of frost have 
prevailed, it rarely falls below 45 degrees. 
It will thus be seen that, in plain words, a 
warm and suitable atmosphere has been 
created in which the Orchid houses are placed. 

By this method of construction a continual 
day and night ventiation is possible, not only 
in summer, but all through the winter months, 
for only air from within the enclosed space is 
allowed to reach the plants. Also, on account 
of the cold night air being unable to obtain 
access to the inner glass all condensation of 
moisture is done away with, and drip, so 
detrimental on cold winter nights, is almost 
unknown. 

The hot-water heating apparatus is on a 
duplicate system, separate boilers with their 
own mains ensuring an even sustainment of 
the various temperatures. There 1s, therefore, 
every safeguard against accident, and conse- 
quent loss through frost entering the houses. 

The Odontoglossum houses have single 
roofs, and along the apex is a perforated pipe 
by means of which a continual stream of cold 
water may be allowed to flow over the glass. 
This quickly lowers the inside temperature 
and proves a most effective device during the 
hottest days of summer. 

The corridor, 130 feet in length, is elegantly 
decorated with Passiflora princeps, the long 
racemes of red flowers hanging gracefully 


October, 1912. | 


from the roof, Bougainvilleas, and baskets of 
Davallias. At the end of this useful con- 
struction is the first Cattleya house, and here 
may be seen numerous plants, mostly hybrids, 
all of the finest parentage. The compost in 
which they are grown consists of equal parts 
osmunda and A.1 fibre with a small addition 
of sphagnum moss. Most of the planis are 
placed on stout wire stands, a method which 
effectually prevents slugs from reaching 
them. In one corner of the house are 
numerous back bulbs of the choicest varieties ; 
these are given every inducement to start 
growth, and all those showing signs of life are 
subsequently placed in small pots. In another 
corner are various small seedlings, needless to 
say all resulting from the use of only the 
very best varieties. 

Several other houses are devoted to 
Cattleya hybrids, those of aurea being greatly 
admired by Mr. Leemann. Small flowering 
hybrids find little favour in this collection ; 
these and others which are of poor colour 
are soon expelled to make room for the better 
ones which constantly require more room as 
they advance in size. 

It would be impossible to describe the many 
blotched varieties of Odontoglossum crispum 
or even the superb hybrids in this collection, 
so varied and beautiful are their flowers. The 
Odontiodas are well represented, and on 
account of their brightly coloured flowers give 
additional charm to the house. 

Cypripediums fill another large span-roofed 
house, but give but little pleasure to their 
owner. Here Mr. Leemann substantially 
differs from the views of many Lancashire 
Orchid amateurs, for he in no way considers 
Cypripediums equa! in beauty or usefulness to 
the large flowering Cattleyas of which he has 
such a superb collection. 

The original plants of many hybrids are of 
great interest, for, although they can hardly 
be called type specimens, as in the case of 
species, they show what advancement, if any, 
has occurred during recent years. In a few 
instances the originals have not yet been 
surpassed ; in others, by the assistance of 
better parental varieties considerable improve- 
ment has been effected. These, and many 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 11 


other matters, all show the great amount of 
interest obtainable from an Orchid collection. 

The atmosphere of Lancashire cannot be 
considered an ideal one for Orchid culture, 
but largely owing to Mr. Leemann’s fore- 
thought in the special construction of the 
houses the general condition of the plants is 
really astonishing. Young seedlings make 
rapid headway, small propagated plants 
quickly advance in size, and old-established 
specimens maintain a healthy condition rarely 
seen in other collections. Almost the whole 
of the Orchid bloom is cut twice a week for 
indoor table decoration. 

With such a large and important collection 
it 1s impossible to individualise any special 
plants or varieties ; close inspection alone will 
reveal the numerous specimens and the high 
state of good culture, largely due to the 
unremitting careful attention of Mr. S. Smith 
and his principal assistant, Mr. Chambers. 

Lastly, it should be mentioned that Mr. 
Leemann possesses a remarkable love for his 
garden. The beautifully laid out grounds 
with the masses of ornamental foliage, 
specimen hollies and choice conifers; the 
thousands of rhododendrons in all the best 
varieties; the lake with its water-lilies, and 
close by the tastefully arranged rose beds, all 
reflect his personal interest. Spacious vineries 
and well-constructed fruit houses may also be 
seen. 

As an indoor recreation Mr. Leemann has 
a marvellous collection of gorgeous tropical 
butterflies and moths, numbering between four 
and five thousand specimens, and _ including 
all the rarest known species. His interest 
in this subject may encourage others to 
appreciate another of the many wonders 
which Nature has provided for us. 


MEXICAN LALIAS.—About 750 plants from 
the “Rosefield” collection will be sold by 
Messrs. Protheroe and Morris, at their sale 
rooms, on October 25th. Mr. de Barri Craw- 
shay intends to cultivate large specimen 
Odontoglossums in their place, and for this 
reason the house will be suitably rebuilt. 


12 THE ORCHID WORED: 


[October, 1912. 


HYBRIDS OF CATTLEYA LAWRENCEANA. 


journey through British Guiana to 

Brazil in search of Cattleya Law- 
renceana ran through many pages of our last 
volume. The illustration in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. IL, p. 200, of an albino variety 
of the species gives a good idea of the shape 
and form of the flower, the outstanding dis- 
tinguishing features being the rather narrow, 
crisped petals, and the uncommonly formed 
lip, much resembling the mouth of a trumpet. 
These specific characteristics are largely 
inherited in all the hybrids, so much so that 
little difficulty is experienced in at once 
detecting its parental use. 

This species, on account of its rich rosy- 
purple flowers opening during the early spring 
time, has been much used for the production 
of attractive hybrids likely to flower when the 
important Temple Show is being held. Lzelio- 
Cattleya Hyeana may be mentioned as 
a notable example. The following list 
enumerates 27 various hybrids of Cattleya 
Lawrenceana which have been recorded, no 
less than six of which fall to the credit of Mr. 
C. Ingram, of Godalming, Surrey : — 

Cattleya William Murray (Mendelii x 
Lawrenceana) was the first hybrid of the 
species to be flowered. It was exhibited by 
Mr. Norman Cookson, at the Royal Horticul- 
tural Society, May 25th, 1893, when a First- 
class Certificate was awarded. 

C. Cecilia (Lawrenceana x Triane) was 
flowered by Mr. C. Ingram, in the autumn of 
1895. 

C. Lawremossie (Lawrenceana x Mossiz) 
appeared in Mr. R. Brooman-White’s collec- 
tion, April, 1896. The labetlum was dark 
crimson in colour. 

C. Preciosa (Lueddemanniana x Law- 
renceana), and C. Sedenu (Lawrenceana x 
Percivaliana) were both shown by Mr. C. 
Ingram at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
May 5th, 1896. And on October 13th, 1896, 
the same amateur obtained an Award of Merit 
for C. Jupiter (Lawrenceana x Warscewiczii). 

C. Mars (labiata x Lawrenceana) was ex- 
hibited at the Royal Horticultural Society, 


ls i HE interesting account of Mr Kromer’s 


October 12th, 1897, by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons. 

C. Firebrand (Schilleriana x Lawrenceana) 
was shown by Mr. C. Ingram at the Hybridi- 
sation Conference held in the Great Vinery, 
Chiswick, July 11th, 1899. 

C. Jussieu (Lawrenceana x Schroderz) was 
flowered by Mons. Ch. Maron, June, 1902. 

C. Lawreglossa (amethystoglossa x Law- 
renceana) first flowered in the collection of the 
Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, March, 1905. 

C. A. Dimmock (aurea x Lawrenceana), the 
subject of our illustration, flowered in the 
spring of this year in Mr. Clement Moore’s 
collection, Hackensack, N.J., U.S.A. It is not 
often possible to have the two parents of this 
hybrid in flower at the same time, for under 
normal circumstances one is a spring and the 
other an autumn-flowering species. Like 
many hybrids of C. aurea this is a rampant 
grower, the flower spike being of useful 
length, and borne in an erect style. The 
strong influence of C. Lawrenceana can be 
noticed in the form and colour of the labellum, 
and there is a beautiful crimson-purpie flush- 
ing of colour over the golden-yellow sepals 
and petals. Mr. Moore justly considers this 
to be one of his best hybrids, and he has a 
large selection from which to choose. 

Lelio-Cattleya highburiensis (Lawrenceana 
x cinnabarina) received an Award of Merit, 
Royal Horticultural Society, April 7th, 1896, 
when exhibited by Mr. Joseph Chamberlain. 

L.-C. Minerva (Perriniu x Lawrenceana) was 
flowered by Mr. C. Ingram, November, 1890. 

L.-C. Hyeana (Lawrenceana x purpurata) is 
a very popular hybrid first shown by Mons. 
Jules Hye, at Brussels, May oth, 1897. 

L.-.C. Ruby Gem (Lawrenceana x L.-C. 
elegans) also came from Mr. Ingram’s collec- 
tion. The date of its flowering was August, 
1897. 

L.-C. Baden-Powell (Lawrenceana x tene- 
brosa) was exhibited by Mons. Jules Hye, 
Temple Show, May, 1900. 

L.-.C. Ida (harpophylla x Lawrenceana) 
flowered in Mr. Chamberlain’s collection at 
Highbury, 1902. 


October, 1912. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 1 


oS) 


Cattleya A. Dimmock (aurea X Lawrenceana). 
A specimen plant in the collection of Clement Moore, Esq., Hackensack, N.J., U.S.A. 


14 THE 


L.-C. Hilda (Lawrenceana x Boothiana) also 
flowered in the Highbury collection, May, 
1903. 

L.-C. Lawrie (Lawrenceana x L.-C. warn- 
hamiensis) was raised by Mr. C. J. Lucas, and 
flowered with him, April, 1907. 

L.-C. gattoniensis (Lawrenceana x L.-C. 
Schil’eriana) appeared in the year 1907, in the 
collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. 

L.-C. Peetersu (Lawrenceana x L.-C. callis- 
toglossa) flowered in 1907, in the estabiish- 
ment of Messrs. Peeters and Son, Brussels. 

L.-C. rigida (Lawrenceana x superbiens) 
was raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons, and 
described in the ORCHID WORLD, May, 1912, 
Daag: 

Sophro-Cattleya Atreus (Lawrenceana x 
grandiflora) first flowered with Messrs. Veitch 
and Sons, October, 1904. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, flowering in The West Hill Collection, Hessle, East Yorks. 


[October, 1912. 


Sophrocattlelia Phyllis (Lawrenceana x 
S.-L. laeta) was exhibited by Lieut.-Col. Sir 
George Holford, at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, September 3rd, 
received an Award of Merit. 

Brasso-Cattleya Peetersu (glauca x Law- 
renceana) flowered with Messrs. Peeters and 
Sons, Brussels, February, 1905. 

B.-C. Ena (Lawrenceana x Digbyana) first 
flowered with Mons. Maron, Brunoy, in 1900, 
although the name Ena did not appear until 
Messrs. Veitch exhibited this hybrid, Sep- 
tember 3rd, 1907. 

B.-C. Mary (nodosa x Lawrenceana) was 


1907, when it 


raised and flowered in the collection of Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., and when exhibited 
at the Royal Horticultural Society, July oth, 
1907, it obtained an Award of Merit. 


CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA. 


HIS most useful Cattleya, introduced 
by Messrs. Sander, of St. Albans, was 
at first regarded with some misgiving, 

but when the plants became established and 


produced flowers from strong and healthy 
bulbs it was found to be a most useful and 


beautiful addition to the labiata group. It 
is dedicated to Mr. Holbrook Gaskell, of 
Woolton, Liverpool, who at the time of its 
introduction was an assiduous cultivator of 
Orchids, and the possessor of one of the finest 
collections in the North of England. 


October, 1912. | THE 


Like most forms of Cattleya labiata the 
flowers of C. Gaskelliana vary considerably in 
colour, that of the sepals and petals ranging 
from amethyst-purple of a medium shade to 
pure white, whilst for general effect it is as 
varied as C. Mossia or C. Triane. It is a 
plant of easy culture, and can be relied upon 
to produce flowers during the month of 
August, a time when Cattleya flowers are 
usually most acceptable. 

The accompanying photograph shows C. 
Gaskelliana alba flowering in the collection 
of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., The West Hill, 
Hessle, E. Yorks. The group contains 
thirteen plants with forty-six flowers. 

The method adopted for their cultivation 
is practically the same as that for the whole 
collection of Cattleyas, which are extensively 
grown at this place. Directly after the plants 
have finished flowering a dry condition of the 
compost is maintained until new roots are 
seen to be pushing, when all plants that 
require re-potting or re-panning are attended 
to. The compost consists of two parts 
osmunda and peat fibre, and one part each of 


ORCHID WORLD. 15 


A.t fibre and sphagnum moss. The fibres 
are thoroughly cleaned by taking away the 
earthy particles. The plants, after re-potting, 
are kept on the dry side, only sufficient water 
being given to keep the compost fresh and the 
bulbs from shrivelling. 

This species is grown at the warm end of 
the Cattleya house in company with C. gigas, 
and others that require rather more heat. 
Firm potting is essential, for the compost 
will then remain in a fresh condition for 
a considerable period, and Cattleyas make 
more roots in a firm compost than in a loose 
one. The plants, when in full growth, require 
an abundance of water both at the roots and 
in the atmosphere, but when at rest this is 
very considerably reduced. 

At the present time there are several 
varieties of C. Gaskelliana alba; amongst the 
best are alba magnifica, alba R. Ashworth, and 
alba Queen Alexandra. The original alba 
variety was shown by Mr. de Barri Crawshay 
at the Royal Horticultural Society, July 8th, 
1884, when it received a First-class Certificate. 


1 lB 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER. 
By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, Hessle, E. Yorks. 


NE of the most important matters 
‘@) during this month is the management 
of the temperatures and the atmo- 

sphere in the houses, especially at night time. 
Sharp frosts frequently make their appearance 
at this season, and the grower should be on 
the alert to prevent any great fluctuations in 
the temperatures, so that no evil effects may 
overtake his plants from this source. It is 
generally during the early hours of the 
morning that these October frosts occur, and 
on such occasions the temperatures of the 
various houses are sure to fall a few degrees 
lower than they should do, but no harm will 
occur provided no watering or damping down 


is attempted until the proper degree of heat 


is attained. A hot, dry atmosphere must be 
avoided as well as a cold, damp one, and these 
two extremes must be strictly guarded against. 


Considering the exceptionally dull sunless 
season we have passed through, the safest 
course will be to keep a little extra fire heat 
in the pipes at night time, thereby preventing 
the temperatures from falling too low by the 
morning. The young growths of many 
autumn growing Orchids are _ frequently 
injured through insufficient heat. Another 
advantage to be derived from this extra fire 
heat is that more pure air can be admitted. 
It is difficult to forecast fluctuations of 
temperature, but many difficulties may be 
overcome by careful observation of the outside 
elements. 

During this and next month the tempera- 
tures of the various houses should be kept 
as near to the under-mentioned figures as 
circumstances will permit. 


East Indian House day, 70; night, 65 


16 THE ORCHID 


Cattleya and Mexican House, day, 65; night, 60 
Intermediate House oe cy 00; pe 58 
Gool House: a. ait We. 3) baer 50: 

In the event of extremely cold weather a 
degree or two lower will do no harm, but this 
condition should not be allowed to remain for 
any length of time. 

All shading may now be removed, and if 
the p'ants have been inured to the light, as 
advised, they will withstand the sun and 
thereby receive considerable benefit. 

Atmospheric moisture. At this season of 
the year damping down must be done with 
discretion, for there is always the danger of 
the moisture condensing on the glass and 
causing drip, especially if there is no outlet. 
These drips often cause the loss of young 
growths, and, very often, the total loss of a 
valuable plant. 

Ventilation. Air should be admitted in 
every department on all favourable occasions, 
but draughts must be avoided, for with them 
come chills and injury to the plants. 

Watering. The remarks made last month 
respecting this matter still hold good, in fact, 
right through the winter months. Always 
consider whether it is advisable to water 
plants or not, bearing in mind that it is much 
easier at this season to get the compost wet 
than it is to get it dry again. In no particular 
detail of our practice is there more scope for 
inteligence than in the application of water 
to the plants. The careful observer in this 
matter will always make the best cultivator. 

Dendrobiums. Continue to look over and 
remove those that have finished their growth 
to the resting-house, taking care that only 
sufficient water is given to prevent them 
shriveiling. Plants of the evergreen section, 
including D. thrysiforum, D. densiflorum, 
D. Bronckartii and D. Farmeri, that have 
finished their growth, may also be removed 
to a cooler and more airy atmosphere, but 
they must not be kept quite so dry at the 
roots as those of the D. nobile section. 

Thunias. Owing to the lack of sunshine 
the leaves of these plants are still quite green, 
although the plants have been in the resting- 
house for some time. While the foliage 
remains so, water must still be supplied to the 


WORLD. [October, 1912. 


roots, but only in sufficient quantities to keep 
the pseudo-bulbs plump. Keep the leaves 
free from red spider by syringing them with 
rather warm soapy water, or a weak solution 
of insecticide. 

Calanthes of the vestita section that are 
now pushing up their flower spikes will 
commence, at the same time, to cast their 
fouage. These plants must be watered 
moderately until the blooming period, and 
have all the light possible to enable them to 
expand and develop their flowers. They 
should still be kept in the same house and 
temperature as that in which they made their 
growths. The later flowering varieties, such 
as C. Regnier1, C. Turneri, and others, are 
also later in making their growth and losing 
their foliage, therefore the treatment must be 
varied accordingly. 

Cymbidiums which have finished growing 
and are pushing up their flower spikes will be 
benefited by an cccasional watering with 
weak liquid manure, but in no case must it be 
given in strong doses; rather withhold it 
altogether than do the plants an injury. 

Sobralias that are in need of new rooting 
material may be re-potted at this season, and 
being strong growers will require more pot 
room. A compost which they will succeed 
in is equal parts fibrous loam, osmunda, peat, 
and sphagnum moss, all thoroughly mixed 
together and used in a rough state. Pot 
rather firmly and leave a space of half an inch 
or so below the rim of the pot for watering. 
After re-potting, the soil must be kept on 
the dry side, and very little water will be 
required until the new roots enter the com- 
post. Sobralias will succeed m an _ Inter- 
mediate house where they can be accom- 
modated with plenty of head room. 

Odontoglossums. The potting of these 
plants may be continued, as advised last 
month, but the work should be concluded as 
soon as possible. Any that are not in the 
desired condition will be best left over until 
the early spring. Plants that are pushing up 
their flower spikes should be elevated close 
to the glass, so that they obtain all the light 
possible. Any sickly or weak plants 
attempting to flower should have the spikes 


October, 1912. ] 


removed at once. It is much more desirable 
to allow the plants to attain a robust and 
healthy state before flowering than to permit 
them to produce spikes from poor, puny 
flowers. It should be the aim of every 
cultivator to produce flowers in their best form. 

Disas. We have now reached the season 
of the year when that most lovely Orchid, 
Disa grandiflora, nay be re-potted. The pots 
should be well drained, using a compost of 
equal portions of fibrous peat and sphagnum 
moss, with a fair sprinkling of half-decayed 
oak leaves and coarse silver sand, or, better 
still, powdered sandstone or crocks, all mixed 
well together. The plants should be potted 
moderately firm, but care must also be taken 
that the compost is not placed too firmly in 
the pots. After re-potting, give just sufficient 
water to settle the compost, and then, for 
some time, spray once or twice a day, 
according to the weather. This treatment will 
suffice to keep them sufficiently moist.* Disas 
require a cool, moist position in a freely 
ventilated house, where frost can be kept 
away. When the weather is cold much less 
moisture must be given them, and air should 
be admitted whenever practicable. Their 
greatest enemies are thrip and greenfly, and 
these must at all costs be kept in subjection. 

Miltonia Roezlu, its variety alba, and any 
other late flowering varieties which are com- 
mencing to grow and require new rooting 
material, should have attention as soon as 
the new growths push forth fresh roots. The 
compost as previously advised for M. vexillaria 
should be used, and the plants should be 
thoroughly cleaned and placed well up to the 
light in the warm end of the Intermediate 
house. Although Miltonias delight in a fairly 
moist position, water, during the winter time, 
should only be applied to the compost when 
it becomes dry. 

Mormodes, Cycnoches, and Catasetums, as 
they finish their growths, may be placed with 
the Dendrobiums in the resting-house, and 
receive only sufficient water to prevent 
shrivelling. A long dry rest is very beneficial 
to these plants. 

Anguloas that have been growing in the 
Cool house during the summer months should 


THE ORGHED: WORLD. 7, 


now be taken back to the cool end of the 
Intermediate house. As soon as their growth 
is completed they may be kept on the dry 
side until they start again in the spring time. 

Cattleyas, Lelia, and Lelio-Cattleyas may 
still be re-potted, providing they are pushing 
new roots. This is considered one of the best 
seasons of the year to re-pot C. Warscewiczil, 
or gigas, keeping the plants on the dry side 
until they commence to grow in February. 
A place well up to the light at the warmest 
end of the Cattleya house will be found 
suitable. I do not hesitate to re-pct any 
Cattleya at any season of the year, for I 
maintain that it is much better in new and 
sweet material than deteriorating in a sour 
and decayed compost. One of the greatest 
aids to successful culture is to keep the plants 
in a sweet and healthy compost. 

Vandas. The end of the present month is 
the best time to overhaul all plants of V. 
tricolor and V. suavis, especially if any 
disturbance of the roots is necessary, for there 
is now less likelihood of the foliage suffering 
than at any other season. These plants do 
not appreciate strong sunlight at any time, 
and now that the sun is daily losing power 
and the external atmosphere is cool and moist 
a suitable place will be found for them at the 
warmest end of the Intermediate house. A 
cool, shady position is of great assistance 
towards the re-establishment of the plants 
without the loss of foliage. If the operation is 
left until the spring the stems are lable to 
become bare and unsightly through loss of 
leaves. The plants that mostly require re- 
potting will be those that have lost their lower 
leaves and have become unsightly. In 
removing the old compost great care should 
be taken not to injure the roots, for on 
account of their brittleness they are very 
susceptible to injury. If the base of the old 
stem cannot be cut off so as to bring the 
lower leaves down to the level of the top 
of the pot, then the stem should be placed 
down in the pot and the crocks placed around 
it for quite two-thirds of the pot’s depth. 
Cleanliness is one of the greatest aids to 
good cultivation. Over the crocks place a 
layer of sphagnum moss, over which carefully 


18 . THE ORCHID WORLD. 


spread the roots and continue to work in 
cleaned moss and broken crocks up to the 
base of the lower leaves. The material should 
be pressed firmly around the plant, for if 
placed too loosely the moss fails to grow and 
the plant has an unsightly appearance and 
rarely thrives satisfactorily. Each plant 
should be secure"y fastened to neat stakes of 
lasting quality, and care should be taken when 
tying the plant not to injure the leaves. 
General Remarks. We must now make 
every effort to safely place our plants in their 
winter quarters, and where space is limited 
this will take time and need some little fore- 
thought, therefore, the sooner it is taken in 
hand the better. Each plant should be placed 
in such a position that it will receive the 
maximum amount of light and everything in 
keeping with its various requirements. 


THE TREATMENT OF OLD 
PLANTS. 


LD specimen plants frequently give 
@) considerable trouble, and rarely pro- 
duce sufficient flower to reward the 
cultivator. The only satisfactory method 1s 
to cut away all the old bulbs, leaving but two 
or three to support the new growth, and to 
repot each healthy piece either singly or 
several in a large pot. Messrs. Stuart Low 
and Co. have recently carried out this principle 
at their Bush Hill Park nurseries with great 
success. Many excellent varieties of Catt- 
leya Mendelit had become unmanageable and 
the recently made bulbs were not so large as 
might be wished. These plants, many of 
which had been in cultivation for a number of 
years, were carefully divided and the various 
pieces separately potted. The result is emin- 
ently satisfactory, the new bulbs being of a 
hea!thy condition and showing every sign of 
producing still larger ones during the follow- 
ing season. In a short time these newly- 
made plants give far finer results than many 
of the old and worn out specimens. One of 
the secrets of successful cultivation is to keep 
all the stock young and full of vigour 


[October, 1912. 


THE MOSCOW ORCHID SHOW. 


’ | YHE Society of Horticulture and Aqua- 


rium Amateurs recently organised, for 

the first time in Moscow, a special 
autumn Orchid Show. Dr. Jean Troyanovsky, 
a well-known amateur and the possessor of one 
of the finest col.cctions of Orchids in Russia, 
undertook the principal arrangements, and 
much is due to him for the great interest and 
assistance which he gave. Others who ren- 
dered considerable help were Mr. Voronine, 
Mr. Langovoy, Mr. Varjenevsky, and many 
local amateurs. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. staged a very 
fine group to which the Imperial Society of 
Acchimatization of Plants and Animals 
awarded the First Prize, a Large Gold Medal. 
The group contained many superb Cypri- 
pediums, Odontiodas, Oncidiodas, Odontonias, 
and Odontoglossums, the latter including a 
very béautiful variety of Jasper. 

Messrs. Pauwels and Co. staged a large and 
elegant group to which a Gold Medal was 
awarded by the Society of Horticulture and 
Aquarium Amateurs. This exhibit contained 
many excellent Cattleyas, Lzalio-Cattleyas, 
good plants of Dendrobium superbiens, and 
a large specimen Cypripedium Lord Derby. 

Mr. Otto Beyrodt sent a very extensive 
group of various Orchids, the finest plant 
being Cattleya Gaskelliana aiba_ variety 
Princess Mary Mestchersky, a pure white 
form having a small pink spot of colour in 
the centre of the labelium. A large plant of 
Dendrobium Goldei was also shown. A Gold 
Medal was awarded by the Society of Horti- 
culture and Aquarium Amateurs. 

Mr. W. Hennis showed many excelient 
examples from his importations, and received 
a Large Silver Medal from the Society of 
Acclimatization of Plants and Animals. 

The President of the Orchid section con- 
veyed all the plants to Moscow at the expense 
of the exhibition committee, and those who 
were unable to participate in the good results 
have much to regret, for the interesting 
exhibition was a great success in every Way. 


I9 


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ORCHID 


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October, 191 


20 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[October, 1912. 


CATTLEYA BICOLOR. 


R. LINDLEY was the original 
LD describer of this Brazilian species. 
In 1836 it was figured in the 
Botanical Register, and in 1837 some plants 
were received by Messrs. Loddiges, of Hack- 
ney, in whose collection they flowered the 
following year. This species is found grow- 
ing on the branches and trunks of large trees 
in the province of Minas Geraes, and more 
especially on the mountains near Rio de 
Janeiro. The specific name is derived from 
the fact that the flower has two principal 
colours: the bronze-yellow sepals and petals, 
and the bright amethyst-purple labellum. 
Cattleya bicolor belongs to the long-bulbed 
section of Cattleya which includes such well- 
known species as intermedia, Harrisoniana, 
superba, guttata, and granulosa. In the early 
days of hybridisation much was expected 
from this section of the Cattleya genus, the 
comparatively free-flowering nature and 
rapidity of growth making the plants 
favourite subjects for carrying seed-pods. 
Taken on the whole, the section has given 
disappointment, the chief cause being the 
poor shape, or starry nature of the flowers, 
and the dominating influence which they have 
over those of the shorter-bulbed species. 
The subject of this note, Cattleya bicolor, 
has, however, proved itself of immense value 
in a few prominent instances. In Cattleya 
Iris, a hybrid between Cattleya bicolor and 
Cattleya aurea, and almost too well known to 
need further comment, a beautiful result has 
been obtained, yet much as this plant is 
appreciated, there is, in the opinion of many, 
a still finer flower to be seen in Cattleya 
Venus, this the result of crossing Cattleya 
Ins with Cattleya aurea, one of its parents. 
The stiff, erect petals of Cattleya bicolor 
impart an improvement to those of Cattleya 
aurea, which in every case have a tendency to 
hang down or fall away from the dorsal sepal. 
Around the apex of the amethyst-purple 
labellum of Cattleya bicolor is a narrow white 
margin, the width of which varies in different 
plants, hybridisers classing them as_ bad 


varieties when a large amount of white is 
shown and good forms when the margin is 
almost eliminated by the purple pigment ex- 
tending to the extreme edge. It is rarely that 
one finds a variety without some slight margin 
of white. Cattleya aurea possesses a labellum 
richly marked with crimson-purple at its 
apex ; this excessive amount of pigment, when 
the species is used as a parent, effectually 
prevents the white margin of Cattleya bicolor 
from being visible in the resulting hybrid. 

Another elegant hybrid is Cattleya Adula, 
obtained by crossing Cattleya bicolor with 
Cattleya Hardyana, the latter parent a natural 
as well as an artificial hybrid between Cattleya 
aurea and Cattleya Warscewiczi (gigas). 
The colour of the sepals and petals is more 
inclined to be a purple-bronze, due to the 
strong influence of Cattleya Warscewiczu, and 
a somewhat larger flower is frequently pro- 
duced. This hybrid has a more robust con- 
stitution than Cattleya Iris, and on that 
account 1s more often grown by amateurs. 

The apex of the lip of Cattleya Wars- 
cewiczil 1s somewhat similarly coloured to 
that of Cattleya bicolor, or, in other words, 
the purple pigment does not often extend to 
the extreme edge, but leaves a more or less 
varying white margin which is frequently 
divided in the centre by a larger area of 
white. This fact will account for the greater 
difficulty experienced in obtaining a variety 
of Cattleya Adula with a lp completely 
saturated with crimson, or amethyst-purple 
pigment, than an equally good variety of 
Cattleya Iris. 

Cattleya Clarkia, the result of crossing 
Cattleya bicolor with Cattleya labiata, is an 
autumn-flowering hybrid of considerable 
utility. The flowers are of bright purple-bronze 
colour, and of sufficiently thick substance to 
ensure freshness for three or four weeks. 

Altogether, Cattleya bicolor has taken part 
in the formation of some thirty different 
hybrids, but few, if any, equal in beauty or 
merit those mentioned in this note. Further 
success will be somewhat slow. 


CATTLEYA RHODA ILLUMINATA 


(C. Iris x C. Hardyana). 
ec R.H.S. August 15, 1911. 


October, 1912. ] 


CATTLEYA RHODA. 
(See Coloured Plate.) 


bicolor. aurea Warscewiczii aurea 
| 


| | ets 


| 
Iris Hardyana 


a, 
RHODA. 


three species, viz., bicolor, aurea, and 

Warscewiczii (gigas), all of which are 
more or less represented in the variety 
illuminata, the subject of the adjoining 
coloured plate. Cattleya bicolor is responsible 
for the bronzy tint of the sepals and petals, 
and the stiff, erect nature of the latter 


ees RHODA is composed of 


THE ORCHID WORLD. Bi 


seements. C. aurea gives to the whole flower 
the beautiful underlying golden-yellow hue, 
and the bright crimson margin to the labellum; 
white C. Warscewiczil imparts the rose flush- 
ing to the whole flower, the rich crimson- 
purple margin to the labellum, and is also 
responsible for the well-defined bright yellow 
discs on the side lobes of this latter organ. 
The parentage of C. Rhoda is easily pro- 
duced, but the flowers of the resulting 
seedlings greatly vary, many being quite 
inferior and unworthy of further cultivation. 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. first flowered 
this elegant hybrid, and the two finest varie- 
ties, lluminata and Fairlawn variety, are both 
in the rich collection of H. S. Goodson, Esq., 
Fairlawn, Putney. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 


September 1oth, 1912. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair) ; Messrs. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), R. Brooman-White, 
MWBolten,. WE. White, A Dye, J.-E. shill, 
Ne Cypher. W. oH. Hatcher, W.. P.< Bound, 
W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, A. McBean, F. J. 
Hanbury, W. Thompson, Stuart Low, Gurney 
Wilson, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, 
received a Silver Flora Medal for a good group 
of various Leelio-Cattleyas and other Orchids. 
Mention must be made of Cattleya Gertrude 
Pitt, Lao-Cattleya rubiginosa (see “New 
Plants ”), various Odontoglossum hybrids, and 
Od. crispum “ King of Britain,” a handsomely 
blotched form. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Borlases, Twyford, 
staged some very attractive plants, including 
Odontoglossum Aurora with an erect spike 
of nine flowers, Lzelio-Cattleya Neleus (C. Iris 
x L-C. Ophir), a bright yellow flower with 
crimson lip, and Odontoglossum  crispum 
Louis, a very handsome variety. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq. Fairlawn, Putney 
(gr. Mr. G. E. Day), staged some interesting 
and beautiful specimens, the best including 
Cattleya Rhoda “Fairlawn variety” which 
secured a First-class Certificate, August 30th, 


1910; Lelio-Cattleya Eiva var. St. Vinceni, 
Cattleya Atalanta illuminata, with large 
flowers, and a new hybrid. 

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, exhibited 
Vanda coerulea Blenheimensis, an elegant 
variety with deep violet-blue flowers, Lelio- 
Cattleya eximia “Blenheim variety,” and a 
new Cypripedium hybrid between Standard 
and Fairrieanum. 

Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking, 
sent Leelio-Cattleya Mrs. Donald MacMaster 
(see “New Plants ”). 

Messrs. Sander and Sons exhibited a 
selection of very elegant Orchids, including 
a specimen Vanda ccerulea which received a 
Cultural Commendation, a good plant of 
Arachnanthe Lowi with three long spikes of 
flowers, the rare Coelogyne Micholitzii, and 
several new and interesting hybrids. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, exhibited a good specimen of 
Maxillaria nigrescens with numerous crimson- 
brown flowers, the scarlet flowering Lelia 
monophylla, and a well grown specimen of 
Dendrobium Dearei. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, exhibited the elegant Brasso-Cattleya 
Mrs. J. Leemann, Stanhopea graveolens with 
seven flower spikes, the pretty Odontoglossum 


to 
bo 


Uro-Skinneri album, Cirrhopetalum appendi- 
culatum, and various other interesting species. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
Sussex, showed Cattleya Thurgoodiana 
“Model,” a very large flower of excellent 
shape, and one of the finest varieties yet seen 
ot this hybrid. Cattleya Adula excelsa, a 
beautiful form, was also exhibited. 

Mr. Sidney Flory, Tracy’s Nursery, 
Twickenham, staged the elegant Pescatorea 
Klabochorum, with claret lip and tips to the 
segments; Zygopetalum maxillare Gautier, 
the rare Dendrobium McCarthie, and various 
others. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards 
Heath, Sussex, exhibited Odontoglossum 
crispum xanthotes var. Walkeriz, of fine shape 
with yellow spotting on the sepals. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Dendrobium Schiitzei, from Messrs. Sander 
and Sons.—A very beautiful new species from 
the interior cf Luzon, Philippine Islands, where 
it was discovered by Mr. Schtitze. The stout 
pseudo-bulbs are nine to twelve inches in 
height and carry four to five flowers on a 
spike, pure white, with a small emerald-green 
disc on the upper part of the lp. In form 
and shape they somewhat resemble those 
of D. formosum giganteum. 

Letio-Cattleya Memoria H. A. Tracy (L.-C. 
Canhamiana x C. Hardyana), from H. S. 
Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. 
G. E. Day).—A grand hybrid ; for description 
see “New Pants.” 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Devessiana “Fowler’s variety ” 
(O. Edwardu x C. Noezliana), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South Woodford.— 
An attractive hybrid with a branching spike 
of numerous dark red flowers, with yellow 
discs to the labellum. 

Lelio-Cattieya St. Gothard “ Glebe variety” 
(L.-C. Gottoiana x C. Hardyana), from C. J. 
Phillips, Esq, The Glebe, Sevenoaks—A 
very large flowered hybrid of rosy-purple 
colour, the labellum being particularly well 
coloured with deep ruby-red. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. [October, 1912. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, for 
a grand specimen of Vanda coerulea, more 
than four feet in height and bearing 74 leaves 
and two fine spikes, one with 19 and the other 
with 10 large blue flowers. 


September 24th, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
ls Gurney Fowier, Esq. Gn the chair), and 
Messrs. James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney 
Wilson, J. Wilson Potter, R. A. Rolfe, R. G. 
Thwaites, F.. Sander, F=-J,-Hanbury, "Cages 
Curtis, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, W. Cobb, 
J. Charlesworth, W, H. Hatcher, A: Dyer J: 
Shill, W. H. White, W. Bolton, R. Brooman- 
White, de. B...Crawshay, JS: Moss; Ca: 
Lucas, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. 

Lady Wernher, Luton Hoo, Luton (gr. Mr. 
Metcaif), received a Silver-gilt Medal for a 
well-arranged group of Vanda ccerulea and 
Dendrobium formosum. The Vandas were 
exceedingly well grown and gained a Cultural 
Commendation. Good varieties of Cattleya 
Adula and Lzelio-Catt*eya bletchleyensis were 
also staged. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Engle- 
field Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), showed Cypri- 
pedium W. R. Lee, a grand specimen with 40 
flowers, and which received Cultural Com- 
mendation. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Borlases, Twyford, 
exhibited many choice varieties of Cattleya 
aurea; C. Adula, Davidson’s variety; Leelio- 
Catt'eya Golden Oriole, Borlases variety, a 
very distinct form ; and Sophro-Cattleya Dora 
(aurea x S.-C. Cleopatra), a scarlet-red flower, 
with crimson lip. 

C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 
showed Cattleya Fabia, an excellent variety 
with stiff, upright petals of bright crumson- 
purple colour. 

Fred. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East 
Grinstead, showed Cypripedium Winifred 
Hollington, Brockhurst variety (callosum San- 
dere x niveum), a pretty hybrid, but showing 
reversion to the typical coloured form 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a good 
group of autumn-flowering hybrids, including 


October, 1912. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Cattleya Nestor, of good form, C. Thur- 
goodiana, C. Minucia, the elegant bright 
orange coloured C. iridescens, and choice 
examptes of C. labiata. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, Enfield, obtained a Silver Flora Medal 
for an attractive group. Special plants 
included Odontoglossum Uro-Skinner1 album; 
Cattleya Hardyana, a very grand variety with 
broad and richly coloured labellum; Leelia 
Dayana delicata, a very pretty form with 
prominent purple coloured ridges on the label- 
lum; and well-flowered plants of Houlletia 
Brocklehurstiana. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
Sussex, exhibited many choice specimens, of 
which mention must be made of Cattleya 
Venus, of very rich colour; Brasso-Cattleya 
Thorntonu ; Dendrobium Dearei, with many 
flowers; and excellent varieties of Odonto- 
glossum crispum. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, showed Trichopilia nobilis alba, the 
interesting Cycnoches maculatum and C. 
Egertonianum, Cattleya Rhoda, of very rich 
colour, C. Hybla, of excellent shape, and the 
curious Eria longispicata. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
exhibited Cattleya nobilis (Warneri x Scho- 
fieldiana), a large flower of rosy-flesh colour, 
lp and side lobes rich purple. 

Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking, 
staged Lelio-Cattleya Mrs. Phayre magnifica 
(aurea x L.-C. Norba), of good shape, sepals 
and petals bright golden-yellow, lip rich 
crimson. 

Mr. S. Flory, Tracy’s Nursery, Twicken- 
ham, showed Cypripedium Faire-Maude, a 
very good variety of Cyp. beechense, and a 
choice form of Odontoglossum crispum. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, 
Wandsworth Common, exhibited Miltonia 
Regnelli citrina, an orange-yellow form with 
faint rose colour on the labellum. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Odontoglossum Woodroffeee (Rossi rubes- 
cens x Queen Alexandra), from Eric H. 
Davidson, Esq. Borlases, Twyford. — A 


to 
Ww 


wonderful result, and the finest of the Rossu 
hybrids. The spike carried two flowers, of 
medium size, but with the labellum much 
larger than usually seen. Sepals and petals 
almost covered with mich crimson-brown 
blotches, with bright yellow under-colour 
appearing in a few piaces; apices of petals 
crimson-brown. The very large oblong label- 
lum of rich violet-purp‘e, having but one small 
spot of dark pigment, and a bright yellow 
crest. Odontoglossum Queen Alexandra is a 
hybrid between Harryanum and triumphans, 
but none of the weil-defined blotch on the 
labellum of the latter species has been trans- 
mitted to Woodroffez. Raised by Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co., this, the only seedling, 
has taken eight years to flower. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglessum Neptune (crispum x nebu- 
losum), from Mons. H. Graire, St. Fuscien, 
France—A very singuiar hybrid, and the first 
instance to be recorded of the uniting of these 
two species. Flowers large, much resemb‘ing 
nebulosum in habit and markings; the label- 
lum well deve!oped and blotched with red. 

Odontioda Margarita (Od. madrense x C. 
Neeziuana), from Mons. H. Graire—A very 
pretty rose coloured flower with well defined 
scarlet blotches on the inner part of the sepais 
and petals. Lip broad at the apex, and with a 
bright yellow crest. 

Lelio-Cattleya Phoenix var. Hastediana 
(L.-C. Henry Greenwood x aurea), from C J. 
Philips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks.—A very 
pleasing hybrid and an improvement on the 
original plant exhibited by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, September 14th, 1909. Sepals and 
petals rich crimson-purple, the latter project- 
ing forward. The large and _ attractive 
labellum of still darker colour, prettily crimped 
at the margin, and with gold veining. 

Cattleya Lord Rothschild var. albescens 
(Gaskelliana x aurea), from Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge.—A well-formed flower 
of light blush tint, the broad, open labellum 
golden-yellow. 

Zygopetalum Sanderianum, from Sir Trevor 
Lawrence, Bart. Burford—A_ well-grown 
exampte of this elegant species. 


24 THE VORCEUD 


WORLD. [October, 1912. 


MANCHESTER “ORCHID "SOCIERY. 


August 22nd, 1912. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J. C. 
Cowan, J. Evans, W. Hatcher, W. Holmes, 
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, Z. A. Ward, A. War- 
burton, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden, was awarded 
a Silver Medal for a nice group or Cattleyas 
of the Iris section. 

Rey. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors, 
received a Silver Medal for a good group of 
Cypripediums. 

J. McCartney, Esq., Bolton, staged a group 
composed principally of Cattleyas and hybrids. 

Eric F. Davidson, Esq., Twyford, Berks., 
staged a good group to which a Silver Medal 
was awarded. 

Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, was 
awarded a Bronze Medal for a good group of 
various Orchids. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, received a Silver Medal for some 
excellent species and hybrids. 

Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford, 
obtained a Silver Medal for a mixed group 
of Orchids. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
exhibited excellent Cypripediums and hybrid 
Cattleyas. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Ashtoni (Harrisoniana x Warsce- 
wiczil), from Z. A. Ward, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium leyburnense magnificum, and 
Cyp. Frau Ida Brandt, from the Rev. J. 
Cromblehoime. 

Cattleya Iris var. “Rubra,” Od. Empress 
Eugenie, Odontioda Thwaitesiu “Davidson's 
var.” and Odontioda Schréderi “ Davidson's 
var.”, from Eric F. Davidson, Esq. 

Cypripedium Hassallii (bingleyense x 
Charlesworthi), from Messrs. Hassall and Co. 


September 5th, 1912. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. 
R: Ashworth; J. Bamber, \J; «C2 Gowany 
Evans, W. Hatcher, W. Holmes, A. J. Keeling, 
J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. Morgan, C. Parker, 
H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, A. Warburton, and 
H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden, was awarded 
a Silver-gilt Medal for an excelient group of 
well-grown plants of Cattleya Ins, several 
carrying six and seven flowers on a spike. 

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, received a 
Silver-gilt Medal for an excellent group of 
Odontoglossum hybrids, Cattleyas and their 
hybrids, and good Cypripediums. 

J. McCartney, Esq., Bolton, was awarded 
a Large Silver Medal for a group of Catt- 
leyas and attractive spotted Odontoglossum 
hybrids. 

Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, 
received a Silver Medal for a small group of 
Cattleyas and Odontoglossums. 

Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors, 
obtained a Silver Medal for a nice group of 
various Cypripediums. 

Mr. E. F. Davidson, Twyford, Berks., was 
awarded a Large Silver Medal for scme 
excellent Cattleya hybrids, several of which 
obtained awards. 

Mr. J. Evans, Congleton, received a Silver 
Medal for a selection of interesting hybrid 
Orchids. 

The Liverpool Orchid Co. were awarded a 
Silver Medal for a neat exhibit of various 
Cypripediums and other hybrids. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. obtained a 
Silver Medal for rare species and hybrids. 

Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford, 
exhibited various hybrids, many of excellent 
form. 

Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, showed 
a few choice Orchids. 

A First-class Certificate and two Awards of 
Merit were given to Mr. Z. A. Ward, an Award 
of Merit to Mr. R. Ashworth, and six Awards 
of Merit to Mr. Eric F. Davidson. 


yO lle 


‘ORCHID WORLD. %°* 


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NOVEMBER, 1912. 
Sr ooo boon gy 


Ne PES. 


NEW YorRK SHOW, 1913.— Under the 
auspices of the Society of American Florists 
and Ornamental Horticulturists, the Third 
International Flower Show will be held in 
the New Grand Central Palace, Lexington 
Avenue, New York City, April 5th to 12th, 
1913. A special section is reserved for 
Orchids, and in addition to the usual Certifi- 
cates of Merit and Culture, six cash prizes, 
amounting in value to £50, will be awarded. 


ST. PETERSBURG EXHIBITION, 1913-—— 
Under the high patronage of His Majesty the 
Emperor of Russia, and on the occasion of the 
300th anniversary of the accession to the 
throne of the Romanoff dynasty, the Imperial 
Horticultural Society of Russia will hold an 
International Horticultural Exhibition at St. 
Petersburg at the end of April, 1913. The 
Awards for Orchids inciude 14 Gold and 10 
Silver Medals. 


vy y ¥“y 
ey YY yy 


“ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS.”—The fourth 
edition of this useful amateur’s guide has 
recently been issued by Messrs. Mansell and 
Hatcher. The aim of this booklet is to assist 
amateurs in their various every day require- 
ments regarding Orchid cultivation. Useful 
notes are given on temperatures, ventilation, 
and watering, etc. as well as paragraphs on 
potting composts and plant pests. Detailed 


VOL. IVi. 


descriptions of about 180 species and varieties 
are included, together with their flowering 
season and advice as to the house in which 
they may be best cultivated. This helpful 
guide, containing 15 excellent photographic 
illustrations, may be obtained gratis from the 


authors. 
WY YY YY 


CATASETUM CHRISTYANUM. — The Cata- 
setum genus can scarcely be regarded as a 
favourite with Orchid amateurs, yet a few 
of the species are certainly worthy of culti- 
vation. From the extensive collection of 
Pantia Ralli, Esq. Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
comes an elegant 13 flowered spike of C. 
Christyanum. It belongs to the Myanthus 
section, in which the labellum of the male 
flower is underneath the column. The sepals 
and petals are dull chocolate-brown, the lip 
and column various shades of green. The 
species was named in honour of Mr. Thos. 
Christy, of Sydenham, and when well culti- 
vated, as it has been by Mr. Farnes at Ashtead 
Park, encourages a further interest in the 
genus. 


¥ 
% 


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yy YY 


SYNANTHIC FLOWERS.—The adhesion of 
two or more flowers takes place in various 
ways, the most usual being for some of the 
organs to be suppressed, so that the number 
of existing parts is less than would be the 
case in two or more uncombined flowers. The 


26 THE, (ORCHID WORLD: 


tendency in synanthic flowers 1s for the parts 
of one whorl to adhere to the corresponding 
organs in another flower. A very symmetrical 
example has appeared in the collection of 
F. Swanzy, Esq., The Quarry, Sevenoaks, who 
kindly sends us the flower. The species 1s 
Odontoglossum grande, and owing to its large 
size and handsome markings a very attractive 
star-like bloom has been produced. The 
perianth of this terato!ogical specimen consists 
of ten segments; the outer whori containing 
five sepals, and the inner whorl composed o1 
three petals, one of which is in the position 
normally occupied by the dorsal! sepal, and 
two labellums, both of which are in perfect 
condition and in no way connected. ‘There 
is a lateral cohesion of two columns, the 
pollinia of both, however, remaining perfect. 
Specimens such as this are often spoken of 
as double flowers, but this term more properly 
apples to florist’s flowers, as, for instance, the 
Rose, in which the doubling results from the 
stamens assuming a petaloid condition. 


ANG 


yy 


MILTONIA REGNELLI.—This species bears 
the name of Mr. Regnell, who first intreduced 
it to Europe from Minas Geraes, Brazil. It 
has been frequentiy figured, the colour of the 
flowers varying from light rose to rich purple, 
the labellum being usually darker than the 
sepals and petals. A shght deviation from 
the normal type is discernible in the variety 
figured in l’Orchidophile, ‘April, 1880, this 
form having creamy-yellow tinted sepals and 
petals. In the Gatton Parki collection the 
variety citrina has recently been seen in per- 
fection, and the flowers which have been 
kindly sent by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., 
allow one to obtain a good conception of its 
distinctiveness. The broad sepals and petals 
are bright orange-yellow, only the labellum 
having any sign of the usual purple pigment, 
and even this is reduced to a slight rose 
flushing. It is only during recent years that 
Miltonias have been hybridised with Odonto- 
glossums, and at present the future possi- 
bilities are not all apparent. M. Regnellu will 
not prove an easy species to deal witn, but if 
the variety citrina can be fertilised Wich one 


[November, 1912. 


of the albino or xanthotic Odontoglossums 
we may be able to produce several very 
beautiful and interesting Odontomas. The 
chances of raising these are certainly remote, 
but the acquisition of a few yellow-blotched 
hybrids would be an ample reward for the 
great trouble incurred. Hybridists have 
already produced upwards of a dozen various 
crosses between Odontoglossum and Miltonia, 
most of them resulting from the use of M. 
Warscewiczil. 


& 
iss 
JSS 
Wee 
KS. 
«é 


OBITUARY.—We regret to record the death, 
at Bogota, Colombia, of Consul Wilhelm 
Kalbreyer, in his 64th year. Kalbreyer gained 
his early experience in several important 
gardens, and in 1876 was engaged by Messrs. 
James Veitch and Sons to collect plants in 
West Africa, where he travelled about Old 
and New Calabar, Bonny, the Cameroon 
mountains and river. He returned to Chelsea 
in 1877, and his treasure resulted in the dis- 
covery of two new Orchids: Brachycorythis 
Kalbreyerei, described by Reichenbach in 
“Flora,” 1878, p. 77, and Pachystoma Thomp- 
sonianum, described by the same author in 
the Gardeners Chronicle, November 8th, 
1879. Of the latter species Reichenbach 
remarked : “ This is, perhaps, the mest curious 
discovery made in Tropical Africa, regarded 
from a geographical point of view. Till now 
all Pachystomas known were of Asiatic origin, 
and if the existence of one might have been 
expected outside of Asia, one would have 
guessed it to occur on the northern shore of 
Australia. The large green, white and purple 
flowers with a certain Phalanopsis shape 
recommend the plant. I wished it might bear 
the discoverer’s name, but various letters from 
the Royal Exotic Nursery, and one written 
also somewhere from the tropical regions, told 
me Mr. W. Kalbreyer ardently desired it 
might bear the name of the late Rev. George 
Thompson, who was unusually kindhearted in 
his English reception of the German traveller.” 
Kalbreyer’s health never fully recovered from 
the unhealthy climate experienced in his West 
African journey. In October, 1877, he was 
despatched by Messrs. Veitch to Colombia, 


November, 1912. | THE ORCHID 


where he collected Odontoglossum Pescatoret 
and triumphans, returning to England in 
February, 1878. During the same year he 
again visited the Odontoglossum district of 
Colombia and brought home a large collection 
of plants in the early part of 1879. He, how- 
ever, soon returned again to Colombia, and 
from Antioquia traversed the country as far 
as the river Atrato. During this visit he 
collected Odontoglossum ramosissimum, O. 
sceptrum, Miltonia vexillaria, Cypripedium 
Reezlii, Cypripedium Schlimiu album, Catt- 
leya aurea, and C. gigas, and various Mas- 
devallias. His treasures included numerous 
ferns, described in the “Journal of Botany,” 
1881, p. 202. His fifth journey was under- 
taken in December, 1880, on this occasion to 
Ocafia and Bogota, when he again sent to 
England various Orchids. The following 
year he returned for a short period to this 
country, but ultimately travelled once again 
to Colombia where he established at Bogota a 
garden and carried on the business of export- 
ing Orchids. In 18099 Kalbreyer contributed 
to Méller’s Deutsche Gartner Zeitung an 
article on Colorabian Orchids, and in 1903 a 
description of his garden at Bogota. The 
same publication in its issue of October 5th, 
1912, contains a portrait of Kalbreyer with an 
interesting article by Mr. Wilhelm Hennis, 
of Hildesheim, detailing his travels and 
adventures. 


PUGILISrIC ToOADS—I always keep a 
number of toads in my Orchid houses for 
the purpose of destroying vermin. The other 
morning, while watching two males, I was 
highly amused to see them have a regular 
set-to fight. They went at each other in a 
regular scientific manner, sparring and boxing 
each other with their fore-paws, and butting 
with their heads. After a while they seemed 
to get tired, coolly sat down, and viewed each 
other with great complacency. From my 
earliest days I have been in the habit of 
watching the ways of the toad, and, never 
having seen trem fight before, would lke to 
know if any readers ever witnessed such a 
scene.—ALEX. PATERSON, M.D., The Garden, 
May 28th, 188r. 


WORLD. 


to 
N 


he CULTIVATION -OF 
AIR PLANTS. 


LETTER written by Thomas Fair- 
A bairn to the Secretary of the Horti- 
cultural Society, August 25th, 1828. 

“In the summer of 1813 I flowered the 
Air Plant, or Aerides odoratum, very finely ; 
it was one complete basket of flowers, and is 
in the recollection of many Gentlemen who 
were in the habit of going to see Sir Joseph 
Banks, at his library in Soho Square; the 
plant was kept there for some weeks. 

The treatment was as follows:—I put the 
plant when first received into a basket with 
old tan and moss, and hung it up in the Pine 
House, where it was exposed to the summer 
sun and to the fire heat in winter; a tub of 
water was placed near it, so that | could take 
down and plunge the basket six or seven 
times a day, or as often as I passed it. 

“The Air Plant that I have flowered so 
successfully lately at Claremont is Renan- 
thera coccinea; it was brought from China 
by Captain Mitchel in 1824. Its treatment 
has been nearly the same as that described 
above, with some variation however, which 
cultivators may find an improvement :—First, 
some old rotten roots of fern and moss were 
collected, and put into the bottom of a china 
jar, in which the plant was placed; it was 
then covered nearly over with the same 
materials, and as roots were made they were 
covered with more moss; it was then sus- 
pended over the flue where the fire comes 
into the house, and a large water-pot with a 
syringe was always ready to give the plant a 
plentiful supply of water at every oppor- 
tunity, by which means that part of the house 
was kept moist. 

“T should add, that the young roots in 
winter time ought to be well covered from 
strong heat, or they may dry up too quickly. 
The east end of the house is to be preferred 
for suspending the baskets, boxes, or pots, in 
which the plants are grown; the water can 
then be applied to them there both in the 
morning and in the afternoon, and they can 
be kept more moist there than if they were 
on the west side. 


28 THE ORCHID 


“The plants may also be placed on the 
flues, but in all cases it is necessary to keep 
them damp; and care must be taken to sur- 
round them with sufficient moss to retain the 
moisture. My success has been such with 
the above treatment as to produce six spikes 
of flowers on a single plant.” 


MEXICAN LAELIAS. 


HE recent sale of the) collection of 
Sh Mexican Lelias formed by Mr. de 
Barri Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks, 
results in the dispersal of possibly the greatest 
assemblage ever formed of these beautiful 
plants. Since 1882 Mr. Crawshay has con- 
stantly paid the keenest attention to Lelia 
anceps, and their re-classified nomenclature, 
based upon careful observation made over a 
long period, was published by him in the 
Gardeners Chronicle, December Oth, 1902, 
where it will be seen upon reference that 
many of the so-called numerous varieties of 
L. anceps were not considered by him as 
such, but as species equally distinct, as in the 
analogous case of Cattleya labiata. 

The discovery of hundreds of Lelia 
Schrédere further proves this contention and 
re-classification. Amateurs may question the 
large number of them in this collection, but 
there is no doubt regarding them. In 1897 
a few plants were purchased that were totally 
different to all other “anceps,” except 
Schrodere and Amesiana ; these, when flower- 
ing, proved to be Schréderze. The district 
which produced these plants provided more, 
almost the whole of which were added to the 
collection in 1898 and 1899. Finally, in 1901, 
an importation of several hundreds came over, 
almost the whole of which were also purchased 
by Mr. Crawshay. Every plant that has 
bloomed has proved a variety of Lelia 
Schrédere, the gorgeous colouring of many 
not being equalled in depth and intensity of 
the lips by the grandest hybrids yet raised. 

With the object of preserving history, and 
for future records, the following details are of 
interest :— 

L. anceps Chamberlainiana. The grandest 
anceps known, magnificent form, sepals and 


WORLD. | November, igi2. 


petals very large and broad, lip large, of 
splendid proportions and deeply coloured. 

L. anceps Crawshayana. This ranks next 
to Chamberlainiana, is a little lighter coloured, 
but has squarer petals and lip. When the plants 
are well grown the flowers are very large. 

L. anceps Mrs. de B. Crawshay. The finest 
of the dark coloured anceps ; the whole flower 
uniform deep rose-purple with darker velvety 
lip. 

L. anceps Scottiana. One of the darkest 
forms; flowers small, but very brilliant, almost 
self coloured. 

L. anceps, Bull’s alba. The only absolutely 
pure white anceps, having no colour anywhere. 

L. anceps alba, Worthington’s variety. 
This is identical with Bull’s alba, but was 
originally purchased in bloom by Mr. 
Worthington in Mexico, 1893, whereas Mr. 
Bull imported his alba in 1878. 

L. Schrédere Amesiana. This was 
acquired from the late Mr. Burton's collection, 
and is part of the original Amesiana for which 
200 guineas was paid. Sepals and _ petals 
white at bases, richly tinted purple at apices, 
lip brilliant deep purple. 

L. Schréodere Theodora. An encrmous 
form with deeply tinted sepals and petals and 
a very large velvety-purpie lip. One of the 
finest Schréderes. 

L. Schréderz Crawshayana. Possibly the 
most beautiful form known. Petals very 
heavily tipped with purple, lp deep velvety- 
purple. 

L. Hollidayana waddoniensis. The plant 
at Mr. Crowley’s sale realised 70 guineas 
before it was broken up. Sepals and petals 
pure white, lip having a few faint lines in 
tube; of very large size. 

L. Hollidayana rosefieldiensis. A very 
chaste and perfect variety. Petals broad, hp 
having very large side lobes, the anterior lobe 
being tinted pink. 

L. Hollidayana Theodora. The most per- 
fectly formed Hollidayana. Petals of great 
width, lip oblong. A pure white variety, 
except the crimson-purple lines in the tube. 

L. Dawsonii. One of the most beautiful 
white Lelias. The form is exquisite, pure 
white with rich rose-purple lobes to the lip. 


November, 1912. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 29 


ees MES ieeigs 


A vigorous Dendrobium, probably undulatum, photographed in New Guinea. 


DENDROBIUMS OF NEW GUINEA. 


EW GUINEA is the native home of 
many interesting and beautiful Den- 
drobiums, several of which are much 

appreciated by lovers of the genus. To 
ensure successful cultivation a house should 
be selected which will receive considerable 
sunshine and ample heat by artificial means. 
The plants require a large amount of water, 
almost throughout the year, only during the 
resting season should this and the tempera- 
ture be reduced. Good fibre and sphagnum 


VOL, III. 


moss in equal parts make a suitable compost, 
and the pans should, if possible, be suspended 
in the warmest and lightest part of the house. 

D. atro-violaceum is well-known as a late 
winter and early spring flowering species. 
The clavate pseudo-bulbs bear two or three 
stout leathery leaves at their apex, and the 
terminal flower spikes carry creamy-white 
flowers spotted with deep purple. The three- 
lobed lip is rich violet-purple within and green 
without. 


. 


D. macrophyllum grows freely in Java and 
the Molucca Islands, and is also found in New 
Guinea. A good illustration and description 
of this species appeared in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol I., p. 268. 

D. spectabile grows to a height of two feet ; 
the flowers, with their twisted petals, vary in 
colour from creamy-yellow to golden-yellow, 
with crimson spots and markings; the labellum 
is of somewhat lighter colour. 

D. Johnsoniz has been known since the 
year 1882, and is in every way an elegant 
species. The terminal spikes bear large pure 
white flowers, the only colour being some 
purple markings in the throat and on the side 
lobes of the labellum. This species is well 
figured in “ Reichenbachia,” 2nd ser., 11. t. 61. 
D. Macfarlane is synonymous. 

D. Phalenopsis is a favourite species with 
all amateurs, the graceful flower spikes 
appearing during the summer and autumn 
months. The variety Schroederianum was 
imported by Messrs. Sander and Sons from 
North-east New Guinea, and is regarded as a 
geographical form of the original D. Phale- 
nopsis of North Australia. The flowers vary 
in colour from pure white to deep purple The 
variety Statterianum was discovered growing 
on trees near the coast of New Guinea, and 
was introduced to this country in 1889. The 
flowers are of a deeper rosy-purple colour 
than other varieties. 

D. bigibbum is of somewhat dwarf habit, 
and produces racemes of rich rosy-purple, 
broad-petaled flowers. The same stem will 
continue to produce these racemes for several 
successive years. The flowering season is late 
autumn and early winter. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA LILACINA. -— Leelia 
Latona (cinnabarina x purpurata) x Cattleya 
Pittia (Schilleriana x Harrisoniana) are the 
parents of this new hybrid which has recently 
flowered in Mr. H. T. Pitt’s collection, Rosslyn, 
Stamford Hill. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA PITTIANA.— This hybrid 
between Cattleya Mrs. J. W. Whiteley 
(Bowringiana x MHardyana) and _ Brasso- 


30 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[November, 1912. 


Cattleya heatonensis (Digbyana x Hardyana) 
has been raised in the Rosslyn collection by 
Mr. Thurgood. The specimen exhibited at 
the Royal Horticultural Society, October 8th, 
1912, inherited the rosy-lilac colour and shape 
of C. Bowringiana to a marked degree. The 
labellum was slightly fringed. 

BRASSOCATTLELIA ASTARTE.— Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have produced this elegant 
result by crossing Leelio-Cattleya Martinetu 
with Brassavola Digbyana. The large flower 
has sepals and petals of coppery-buif colour, 
the labellum fringed and of a rose tint. 

CATTLEYA IsIs.—One of the finest lipped 
hybrids has been produced by crossing C. 
Ella (bicolor x gigas) with C. Hardyana. The 
flower combined all the good points of the 
three species involved. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. 


NOMENCLATURE OF 
HYBRID: 


The Scientific Committee of the Royal 
Horticultural Society on October 8th con- 
sidered the question of the nomenclature of 
a hybrid Orchid referred to it by the Council. 
The alleged parentage was Cattleya Fabia 
alba x Cattleya Warscewiczi var. Frau 
Melanie Beyrodt, and the name suggested 
for the seedling was Cattleya MHarrisiana. 
The Committee considered that this name 
transgressed the recommendations of the 
Vienna Botanical Congress regarding plant 
names in that it was too much like existing 
names in the same genus, thereby tending 
to confusion (e.g., Cattheya Harriseniana and 
C. Harrisi); the name was, therefore, not 
tenable. Further, they thought that although 
Art. xu. of the rules of horticultural nomen- 
clature permitted the names of Latin form 
(with signs of hybridity) for such cross-bred 
piants as this, it would be more convenient if 
vernacular names were chosen, generally from 
the classics. In the instance under considera- 
tion, the Committee recommended that the 
exhibitor should be asked to choose such a 
name. 


November, 1912. | THE (ORCHID WORLD. 


Cettleya Triane, a very beautiful variety in the collection of Clement Moore, Esq., 
Hackensack, N.J.. U.S.A. 


Ww 
to 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. [November, 1912. 


ORCHIDS AT SOUTH LODGE BORSA 


‘e) the many eminent Orchid collections 


in Sussex one of the finest may be 

seen at South Lodge, Horsham, the 
residence of F. du Cane Godman, Esq. The 
numerous greenhouses are constructed in 
various styles, thus forming suitable cultural 
atmospheres for a very representative collec- 
tion of species and hybrids. 

The ambition of almost every cultivator is 
to maintain a succession of bloom throughout 
the whole year, and the various Orchids in 
this collection allow this desire to be success- 
fully carried out. During the present season 
of the year Cypripediums produce many 
welcome flowers, in all their varied tints or 
colour. Albinos are well represented, insigne 
Sandere especially so, numerous plants 
having been raised from seed. 

Calanthes occupy the whole of a span- 
roofed house, and the general health of the 
plants leaves nothing to be desired. C. 
Veitchi is the first to produce its graceful 
rose-coloured flowers, the spikes usually 
having from three to four dozen blooms, but 
as many as 54 have been grown on a single 
spike. This hybrid Calanthe lasts in bloom 
from the commencement of November to the 
end of January. C. bella and C.William Murray 
continue the display until the end of March. 

Before the Calanthes have entirely finished 
blooming the Dendrobiums commence to 
open their multitude of many coloured flowers. 
D. Wardianum and D. Falconeri are grown in 
cool, airy houses, with frequent syringing of 
the foliage, care being always taken that the 
moisture 1s evaporated before the process is 
repeated. This treatment produces strong 
well-ripened bulbs that give excellent disease 
resisting results. Last season a medium-sized 
plant of D. Falconeri gave 237 flowers. 
Under this method of culture the plants are 
able to withstand a large amount of sunshine, 
from which they greatly benefit. 

Pleiones, frequently called Indian Crocuses, 
receive their full share of attention in this 
collection, P. lagenaria being particularly well 
cultivated. The plants are repotted in mid- 


winter, soon after the last flowers have faded. 
The pans are filled three-parts full of crocks, 
and above this a shallow compost of peat, 
moss and fibrous loam is placed. The newly- 
potted plants are grown in the Cattleya house 
until the bulbs are fulty matured. From then 
and until the flower buds become visible the 
plants are given a few weeks’ rest in a cooler 
house. 

Spring-flowering plants include numerous 
Odontoglessums, both species and hybrids, 
various Cattleyas and Leelio-Cattleyas, the 
whole forming a most representative collec- 
tion, and producing an abundance of obleom. 

The Phalaenopsis house contains excellent 
specimens of P. amabilis and P. Schilleriana, 
both growing well in pure Osmunda fibre. 
The canvas blinds are placed inside this house, 
a method that allows the sun to effectually 
warm the house without scorching the foliage 
of the plants. 

During June and July Thunias continue the 
show of bloom. T. Marshalliana is the 
favourite species, on account of its lovely 
flowers and free-growing nature. After com- 
p-etion of the plant’s growth the specimens 
are stood outside in order that the sun and air 
may thoroughly ripen the bulbs. 

Lela anceps may be seen in many dozens 
of grand plants, Cymbidiums occupy the 
major part of a large house, Odontoglossum 
hybrids, chiefly those of Edwardii, occupy 
considerable space, and several houses are 
devoted to the culture of seedlings, this part 
of the collection forming a matter of con- 
siderable interest. Mr. Geo. Giles is keenly 
occupied with his practical duties, and the 
meritorious condition of the collection amply 
proves his ability. 

Odontoglossum Godmanii (Edwardii x 
Rolfez) received an Award of Merit, R.H.S., 
January 17th, 1911, and Leelio-Cattleya God- 
mani (Iris x callistoglossa) obtained a First- 
class Certificate, R.H.S., August 13th, 1912. 

A very fine specimen plant of Mawillaria 
grandiflora received an Award of Merit, 
January 22nd, 1907. 


November, 1912. | THE 


Ae SUGGESTED 


pedium hybrids is bewildering. The 

days of primary hybrids have almost 
passed, at least so far as the creation of new 
ones is concerned, and unless we occasionally 
obtain some new species with which to make 
a fresh series the future will entirely depend 
on the success obtained by the continual 
crossing and selecting of the finest flowers 
that we now possess. The rediscovery of 
Cypripedium Fairrieanum gave us a pientiful 
supply of new material to work with, and 
primary and more complicated hybrids of this 
species have recently made their appearance 
in large numbers. But the acquisition of such 
a distinct and beautiful species is not of every 
day occurrence, probably we may never dis- 
cover another of equal merit, or one likely, in 
any way, to greatly influence our present 
exhibition type of Cypripedium. 

Many will argue that we have already 
reached the “florist’s flower” type of bloom, 
or, in other words, the parental characteristics 
have become so altered and unrecognisable 
that all parentage may be discarded, and 
only fancy names should be given to any 
particular hybrid considered worthy of dis- 
tinction, even as many different names as 
there are distinct varieties from the same 
seed pod. 

In many ways this method would be simple 
and useful to the amateur who only purchases 
his plants for the adornment of his green- 
house or for the sake of making a small 
increase in his income by the sale of duplicate 
plants. But there are others, more scientifi- 
cally inclined, who wish to keep correct 
records of the parentage, not only for the 
additional interest which such matters always 
impart to the individual flower, but in order 
that reproduction of the hybrid may be 
effected, should circumstances so require. 

Again, by what means can we tell whether 
two Cypripediums that both possess identical 
names are one and the same thing. In the 
majority of cases they are, but if amateurs 
are left to christen their p!ants with the most 


ale HE ever increasing number of Cypri- 


VOL. III. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 33 


NOMENCLATURE. 


popular names of present day vocabulary, and 
without consulting one another or some 
recognised horticultural society, how are we to 
proceed with any definite knowledge of the 
subject. 

If all hybrids had been duly registered, and 
a correct list from time to time published, 
leading societies could have checked one 
another and the whole system kept in order. 
Such, however, has not been the case, but 
instead we often find societies, amateurs, and 
trade growers each upholding different names 
for hybrids possessing exactly similar 
parentage. 

The methods of Nature and the ideals of 
man are often vastly different. Hybridists 
have crossed species having certain desired 
colours that have not appeared in the result- 
ing seedlings: they have attempted to unite 
certain specific characteristics of three or more 
flowers with more or less disappointing 
results: they have endeavoured to perpetuate 
other ideal qualities without success. The 
only really satisfactory conclusion to be 
derived from all these difficulties is that 
Nature must, and does, have her own way in 
the settlement of all these perplexing 
problems. Is it not then advisable to follow 
more closely her method of developing the 
Cypripedium by amending our system of 
nomenclature to a style more in accordance 
with her doctrine of evoluticn ? 

Let us take an example from the genus by 
selecting three well-known species: insigne, 
villosum, and Spicerianum. Unite the two 
first and we have a primary hybrid known as 
nitens; the first and third will give us 
Leeanum; and the second and third will 
make Lathamianum. The production of a 
hybrid containing, theoretically, these three 
species may be carried out by uniting nitens 
with Spicerianum, resulting in a hybrid known 
as aureum; by connecting Leeanum with 
villosum, which gives us Leeander; and by 
crossing Lathamianum with insigne, making 
dellense. The following plan will simplify 
the parentage :-— 


un 


S4 THE ORCHID WORD: 


insigne villosum 


| 


nitens Spicerianum 


aureum 


insigne Spicerianum 
| 


Leeanum villosum 


Leeander 


villosum Spicerianum 


| 
Lathamianum insigne 
| 
dellense 


It will thus be seen that we have three 
hybrids recognised as distinct and each con- 
taining the same three species, yet known 
under three different names. Now the flowers 
of primary hybrids are fairly definite and 
show little variation from the mean, or usual 
result of being intermediate in form and 
colour. With hybrids of three species the 
results are not so certain, for according to the 
specific strength of the species involved so 
will one or more prove dominant. Even more 
so will be the difference when hybridisation is 
carried to a further position. 

Cypripedium Tracyanum is obtained by 
crossing aureum with Leeanum, and “The 
Duchess” is the result of crossing aureum 
with insigne. Many other combinations of 
the three species are practicable, and the fol- 
lowing list gives those which may be obtained 
without extending our limit of the same three 
species :— 

AUREUM x insigne, villosum, Spicerianum, 
nitens, Leeanum, Leeander, Lathamianum, 
and dellense. 

LEEANDER x insigne, villosum, Spicerianum, 
nitens, aureum, Leeanum, Lathamianum, and 
dellense. 

DELLENSE x insigne, villosum, Spicerianum, 
nitens, aureum, Leeanum, lLeeander, and 
Lathamianum. 

Therefore, in the third generation we have 
the possibilities of no less than 24 additional 
different methods of crossing our three 


| November, 1912. 


preliminary species. And with what results? 
fwenty-four hybrids theoretically composed 
of the same three species, but known under 
as many different names, giving not the 
slightest indication that any of them are 
closely related. And this is not the finality of 
the matter for each name may have one or 
more varietal words attached, and _ these 
hybrids may yet again be intercrossed ad 
infinitum. 

This multiplicity of identities is dealt with 
by Nature by means of her atavistic power. 
Atavism may be described as the tendency in 
offspring to return to the ancestral type. In 
every one of the previous:y mentioned 24 
hybrids there cannot be more than three 
species represented. A few may only show 
signs of two, and it is within the limits of 
possibilities that the characteristics of only a 
single species may be apparent. 

The term species is applied by botanists to 
every aggregate of individual piants which 
resemble each other in all their constant 
characters. In species, therefore, we have a 
definite standard upon which to work. 

The solution of this intricate problem of 
nomenclature may best be attained by giving 
to every hybrid inheriting the characters of 
the three species—insigne, villosum, and 
Spicerianum—the name aureum, this being 
the earliest recorded name for the first hybrid 
composed of these three species. Varietal 
names would distinguish the various forms. 

Cypripedium aureum is a hybrid known to 
contain our three selected species, and we 
should soon accustom ourselves to connect 
this name with all hybrids showing their 
characteristics. The practical result would be 
a saving of dozens of useless names that give 
no suggestion whatever of the  plant’s 
parentage. 

A register, of course, would have to be kept 
of the first name given to any combination or 
group of certain species, and all subsequent 
names comprising the same withdrawn. 

The practical working of the scheme 
appears to be simple. Suppose a committee 
of experts were asked to name a hybrid com- 
posed of our three previously mentioned 
species, they might easily recognise in it the 


November, 1912. | {els 


white dorsal of Spicerianum, the peculiar 
shape of villosum, and the well-known nature 
of insigne, but it would be utterly impossible 
for these experts to corectly determine under 
which of the 24 different methods it had been 
produced, and, consequently, under which 


name it should be placed. The one niatter 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


os) 
uni 


under the suggested new system which they 
would be required to settle 1s, does this hybrid 
give indications, more or less, that insigne, 
villosum, and Spicerianum are contained in 
the parentage? If it does, and no additional 
species are visible, then it must be named 


Cypripedium aureum. 


The propagation of Odontoglossums by means of adventitious growths. 


THE PROPAGATION 


VERYONE is well acquainted with the 
ordinary method of Orchid propaga- 
tion. The rhizome, or stem connect- 

ing the bulbs, has only to be severed, and the 
older part, so long as healthy buds remain, in 
due course commences to grow. The chief 
factors required to ensure success are division 
of the plant at a time of year when normal 
growth commences, and due care taken that 
sufficient nutritive material to sustain the new 
growth until root action commences 1s con- 
tained in each separate division of the plant. 


OF ORCHIDS. 


One or two healthy plump bulbs are usually 
sufficient for this purpose, but in the case of 
shrivelled and older bulbs a larger number 
will be required. 

Propagation by other means 1s most readily 
effected in Dendrobiums, for the nature of 
their many “eyed” stems allows a large 
number of young plants to be produced at a 
comparative.y rapid rate. When the plants at 
the finish of their growing season are kept in 
a warm and moist atmosphere insufficient 
ripening of the flower buds occurs, and many 


36 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


of these, instead of producing blooms, make 
new growths which ultimately become separate 
plants with their own root system. 

The most vigorous buds are invariably the 
first to commence growth, and rapidly ccn- 
sume much of the available nutritive material 
in the adjacent part of the bulb, consequently 
the other buds remain dormant through lack 
of sufficient excitement, or, in other words, 
deficiency of life-directivity. If two or three 
young plants are all that the propagator 
requires, all well and good, but in the case of 
specially fine varieties a large number is 
frequently desired. These may best be 
obtained by entirely separating a healthy 
unflowered bulb from the plant and placing it 
in a horizontal position on some clean sphag- 
num moss, which should be kept moist, and 
the whole placed in a fairly high temperature. 
In a short time the nodes, or bud portions of 
the bulb, will commence to form young plants, 
and these, as soon as signs of root action are 
visible, should be removed with a portion of 
the old stem still attached. The vigour left 
in the remaining parts of the old bulb will 
cause other dormant “eyes” to commence 
growth, and these, when sufficiently large, 
may as wel! as later ones be taken off, the 
process being continued until all the “eyes” 
or the vigour of the old bulb is exhausted. 

Almest every grower of experience has 
seen large plants of Odontoglossum crispum 
with additional flower spikes, not only one, 
but even two or three, produced from the 
apex of the bulb. These are the result of a 
superabundance of vigour, or life-force, which, 
failing to find sufficient means of expansion 
in the normal laterally produced spikes, excites 
the buds at the apex of the bulbs, and other 
flower spikes are produced. In a morpho- 
logical sense flower buds originate in the same 
way as ordinary leaf buds, and in their earlier 
stages there is little to distinguish the one 
from the other. Now these apical buds, under 
certain conditions, possess the aptitude to 
form adventitious shoots, which under ordinary 
methods of cultivation eventually become self- 
existent plants. The usual course of events in 
matured bulbs of Odontoglossums is for new 
life to manifest itself in the awakening of one 


[November, 1912. 


of the dormant buds situated at the base of 
the bulb, but in instances where these are 
absent, either through previous use or 
damage, Nature, in her perpetual striving to 
maintain the species, directs the life-ferce to 
the apex of the bulb where it usually obtains 
the desired object by transforming the adven- 
titious apical buds into young growths, or 
bulbils, and these, in due course, produce 
normal piants. Our illustration shows young 
plants in various stages of formation being 
cultivated in Mr. de Barri Crawshay’s collec- 
tion, “ Rosefield,” Sevenoaks. Zygopetalums, 
especially Mackayi and intermedium, are 
easily propagated in this way. 

Propagation by means of young plants pro- 
duced on the flower spikes is of rare occur- 
rence. Phalaenopsis Lueddemanniana is a 
notable exception, young plants being fre- 
quently produced on the spikes, much more so 
than on other species of the genus. Certain 
Oncidiums possess the power of forming 
ycung plants in this way, and these in turn 
produce others, so that three or four genera- 
tions of p!ants may be seen all growing on the 
same parent plant. 

Of still greater rarity is the production of 
young plants on exposed aerial roots of 
Orchids. Phalzenopsis Stuartiana and other 
species have occasionally been seen with this 
peculiarity, while records show that Sacco- 
labiums and Cyrtopodiums may also be 
included. Neottia Nidus-avis regularly repro- 
duces itself by forming new plants from the 
points of the root fibres, although these plants 
do not appear above ground until flowering 
strength is attained. 

Certain species of Restrepia usually have 
several new growths appearing from the apex 
of the old bulbs. They obtain nutriment 
partly from the old pant, but largely by aerial 
roots. And Lindley, in his “ Theory of Horti- 
culture,” 1840, states that “offsets spring from 
the margins of the leaves of Malaxis palu- 
dosa,” a rather rare British epiphytal Orchid. 

The propagation of Orchids is a profitable 
and most interesting study, and anyone who 
can spend the time in its further investigation 
will no doubt be handsomely rewarded for his 
trouble, 


™ 
Loo) 


WORLD. 


THE ORCHID 


November, 1912. | 


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uD YIM sayids C7] poy uautidads yl “Piquojsayy ‘(4opudxa] pf *D “HAV "48) ‘OAD DY ‘p/of19H 
28402) HS JOD-Mmar] Aq pengiyxe usym ‘7161 ‘Yih PUNE SHY “DOA paaiooy ,2ynymoug ,, vjipppixaa vruojp yy 


‘Y20P]1VM I) [49 07042 


38 THE ORCHID WORKD: 


[November, 1912. 


ORCHIDS. AT -BUSEL-EIIEE PARK 


number of interesting Orchids as are 
cultivated by Messrs. Stuart Low and 
Co., in their Bush Hull Park ~Nursenes, 
Enfield. One might imagine that the greater 
part of a tropical forest had been denuded of 
its treasures in order to complete such a vast 
assemblage of specimens. 
During the many years that this establish- 
ment has been in existence importations of 


Ronnie does one see such an immense 


Orchids have been received from almost every 
part of the world ; in fact, it would be difficult 
to determine how many different species have, 
at one time or another, been collected for 
shipment to this important firm of Orchid 
cultivators. 

Amateurs, of course, expect to see Colom- 
bian species, such as Odontoglossum crispum 
and Cattleya Mendelu, we'l represented, but 
here they may be seen in thousands, houses 
100 feet in length bemg entirely devoted to 
Burmese and Siamese, 
Javan and Bornean, Indian and Australian, are 
but a few of the various kinds of Orchids that 
await the visitor’s selection at Bush Hill Park. 

In these days there are not a few amateurs 
who have a special liking for the class of 
Orchid known as “botanical,” and for those 


their cultivation. 


having this scientific inclnation much of value 
and interest may be discovered. To give a 
list of these plants would mean filling a 
column with names almost unreadable by the 
young amateur, yet to the botanist they are 
easily understood, for in most cases they 
describe one or more of the plants’ special 
characteristics. The dissimilitudes of the 
flowers are remarkable, the smaller ones 
frequently being even more curiously con- 
structed than those of larger dimensions, and 
often giving greater p'easure to their owner. 

OF the several houses devoted to the culti- 
vation of hybrids one is of special interest, 
for it contains specimens which, if not unique, 
are certainly amongst the rarest of the rare. 
As examples, one may mention Lelio-Cattleya 
Firminu, of which a coloured illustration was 
given in the ORCHID WORLD, June, IgI1; 


= 5) 


Brasso-Cattleya Dietrichiana, the most richly 


coloured of all the Digbyana hybrids; 
Cattleya Hardyana alba, with pure white 
sepals and petals; and Cattleya Warscewiczu 
alba, the latter a sma_] propagated piece from 
the wonderful specimen owned by Mons. 
Firmin Lambeau, and which received the 
extremely rare award of a Gold Medal when 
exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
July, 1912. The beautiful Cattleya Mendel 
alba var. Stuart Low received a First-class 
Certificate at the Holland Park Show, Ig1o, 

The Phalaenopsis house is eminently suited 
to the cultivation of these handsome pants, 
the silver-mottled leaves of P. Schilleriana are 
constant features of attraction, and always 
impart a bright appearance to the house. 
These plants do not appear to suffer to an 
appreciable extent from the detrimenta! influ- 
ence of late autumn fogs, although not 
unfrequently the flower spikes are damaged. 
Some experiments made on P. Schilleriana 
prove that this damage may to some extent be 
overcome by removing the upper or bud por- 
tion of the spike and allowing the lower part 
to form side branches, the buds on which are 
so retarded that the flowers open several 
months later, or at a time when fogs are non- 
existen*. 

Of recent importations a very interesting 
type of Sophronitis grandiflora is represented 
by numerous specimens. The bulbs are all of 
dwarf growing habit and remind one of the 
militaris type, now rarely seen, but which 
produces large, round-shaped flowers of 
intense scarlet colour. Cattleya gigas has 
also been lately received in excellent con- 
dition, the plants are well supplied with 
healthy leaves, and all the buds are in a 
dormant condition. 

In the early days of Orchid collecting 
many wonderful specimens were discovered 
by Messrs. Low’s collectors, proof of which 
may still be seen in several interesting photo- 
graphs. One of these depicts a marvellous 
specimen of the Siamese Rhyncostylis ccelestis, 
the erect flower scapes forming a_ perfect 
mass of bloom, which to this day has never 
been equalled. 


November, 1912. | tHE SORGHID. WORED: 39 


Mabe CULIVATION OF ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM. 


glossums, some of great beauty, others 

of botanical interest, and a few of 
comparative rarity. Although our special 
attention may be devoted to any one of these 
classes everyone wiil agree that, for general 
purposes, Odontoglossum crispum easily holds 
the premier position among cool house 
Orchids. The great utility of the flower 
spikes for decorative purposes, the compara- 
tive ease with which the plants can be 
collected, and the somewhat low temperature 
required for their cultivation are factors which 
have assisted in making this species extremely 
popular. 

The plants are collected by natives in the 
various districts surrounding Bogota, at which 
place they are stored until sufficient numbers 
have been procured for shipment abroad. 
The early importers fastened the plants 
around stout sticks which were afterwards 
secured in large packing cases in such 
manner that no two plants touched each 
other. This method, although fairly success- 
ful, did not allow of many plants being packed 
in a case. The practice of recent years has 
been to carefully prepare the plants by cutting 
off all roots and leaves, and to place them 
in layers, using dried bracken fern as packing 
material, in stout cases. For some unex- 
plained reason the largest plants were often 
p-aced in the centre of the box where there 
was little ventilation, and when any delay on 
the journey occurred these were the first to 
die; probably the extra amount of moisture 
in these large-bulbed plants was responsible 
for their rapid decay. Three cases usually 
contain one thousand plants. 

Of late years not many importations have 
reached this country, and the few plants 
occasionally received have been rapidly dis- 
persed to various amateurs. The plants, after 
their six or eight weeks’ journey in close 
confinement, arrive in a delicate condition: 
sometimes the majority are dead and _ half- 
rotten, at other times almost all are alive, 
much depending on the season of the year 
and the length of time occupied in transit. 


(> sessuns, has yielded many Odonto- 


The plants, as soon as unpacked, should be 
carefully protected from direct sunlight by 
either placing them in a heavily shaded house 
or else by laying them on the staging and 
covering them with sheets of paper. All dead 
leaves and other waste material often found 
adhering to them should be carefully removed. 
No water will be required for the first few 
weeks, the atmospheric moisture of the house 
being quite sufficient during this period. 

The new growth is often hidden beneath 
one of the dry side leaves and should be 
carefully handled, for it is very fragile. The 
best plan is to split this dry leaf down the 
middle and carefully remove each _ half 
separately. The new roots will then be 
produced more easily and will have nothing to 
prevent them at once entering the compost. 
After a short time the plants may be accus- 
tomed to more light and finally placed among 
the established plants where the usual grow- 
ing conditions prevail. 

Potting the plants will next occupy the 
grower’s attention. One cannot be_ too 
careful in selecting a pot of suitable size, that 
is, one which will just allow room for a new 
bulb to be made. It must be remembered 
that in the first potting the whole of the 
compost is new and will be quite sufficient for 
the plant during the first twelve months. If 
too large a pot is used to start with the surplus 
compost rapidly becomes sour and 1s a danger 
to the health of the plant. A  well-rooted 
plant absorbs a large amount of water from 
the compost and effectually prevents it 
becoming stale. Another point to remember 
is that all roots must have air, consequently 
they are quite unable to enter a solid mass 
of material such as is often seen when the 
compost has been too firmly placed in the 
pot. The majority of the roots of an 
established plant may be seen growing round 
the outside of the ball of compost, for it is 
between this material and the inside of the 
pot that they can secure the most airy position 
suitable to their requirements. 

At the conclusion of about twelve months’ 
growing the majority of the plants will have 


40 THE “ORCHID 


filled their pots with roots and will require 
further attention. Although no plant should 
remain for long in a starved condition there 
is undoubtedly a season for every Orchid 
when this operation of re-potting may be 
best accomplished. 

For the most successful cultivation of 
Odontoglossum crispum the plants should be 
divided into two sections, according to their 
size. All plants in less than four inch pots 
should be cultivated under “growing” con- 
ditions, and those in larger pots under 
“flowering” conditions. Some further ex- 
planation is probably needed. Small plants 
are of little utility, either for sale or for pro- 
viding flower ; these must, therefore, be grown 
on as rapidly as possible. Large plants are 
expected to yield decorative results, and the 
treatment accorded should be such _ that 
every encouragement is given them to produce 
good spikes of flower, and these of lasting 
quality and good substance. 

The growing treatment. The potting 
material should be fairly loose, and consist 
of about one half of either peat, osmunda, 
A.t. fibre, or polypodium, or a mixture of 
several 1s somewhat better, and about one 
quarter sphagnum moss and one quarter oak 
or beech leaves. The whole should be 
thoroughly mixed and chopped up; a good 
method is to run it through a chaff-cutter. 
This compost should be lightly worked in to 
within about half an inch of the top of the 
pot, the surface may be either trimmed with 
a pair of scissors or else covered with a layer 
of finely chopped sphagnum moss. By 
damping the compost before use it will be 
found to be much more pliable and less likely 
to damage the tender roots of the plant. 

The potted plants should be placed in a 
shady house where there is an abundance of 
moisture and a minimum temperature of 50 
degrees. If the leaves assume a bronze or 
purple tint it is a sign that they are receiving 
too much sunshine. Plants which are grown 
in an airy and bright position ripen their bulbs 
to such a degree that they become hard, and 
make very slow growth afterwards. The 
floor, staging and all exposed material in the 
house should be frequently damped down; 


WORLD. |November, 1912. 
and on all favourable occasions the plants 
should be lightly syringed overhead. Any 
flower spikes should be pinched out as soon 
as they appear, but if the owner is very 
anxious to see the variety of the plant, then 
the flower spike may be disbudded, leaving 
only one or, at the most, two buds. By this 
method of cultivation the plants will make 
three bulbs, each one considerably larger than 
the last, in the course of two years. 

The flowering conditions are somewhat 
more easily maintained, for the pots, being 
larger, will require less water, and the atmo- 
sphere need not contain quite such a constant 
supply of moisture. The compost must be 
of a firmer and more substantial nature, one 
that will last a year, or in the case of very 
large plants two years. The difficulty of 
obtaining really good peat is yearly increas- 
ing; its place has, however, been taken by 
other materials which yield excelient results. 
In the majority of coliections these results are 
considerably better, and there is no doubt that 
much of the improvement in the cultivation 
of this species 1s due to the more suitable 
composts which are now obtainable. 

There are one or two methods of potting 
that have given excellent results and leave 
little room for further experimentation. 
Break or cut the peat or other fibre in lumps 
about the size of hen’s eggs, and carefully 
shake out all surplus dust. After placing a 
few crocks at the bottom of the pot work in 
the lumps of fibre with a potting stick, using 
at the same time a liberal supply of sphagnum 
moss to fill up the crevices. 

Another method is to make a mixture of 
one half osmunda, one quarter polypodium, 
and one quarter sphagnum. This is used to 
fill up the larger part of the pot, the top inch 
or so of space being afterwards filled up with 
A.1. fibre and sphagnum moss fairly well 
compressed. Finally, the surface may be 
trimmed with a pair of scissors. This method 
has a very neat appearance and seems 
particularly beneficial to the young roots, 
which much dislike entering a rough, dry 
lump of osmunda fibre. When, however, the 
osmunda lumps are beneath the surface they 
rarely become so dry as to be distasteful to 


November, 1912. | 


the roots. The covering of the surface with 
a layer of sphagnum moss alone is not recom- 
mended for large plants, for when so done 
the air has little chance of entering the com- 
post, and it has previously been mentioned 
that Orchid roots have a strong dislike to a 
sodden, solid material. 

Large plants may always be subjected to 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 41 


a lower temperature during the dull winter 
months. With a somewhat dry condition of 
the atmosphere a minimum of 45 degrees will 
do no harm. Any slight condensation, due to 
an excess of atmospheric moisture, will do no 
harm to the plants, but it may produce an 
unsightly spotted condition of any open 
flowers. 


NOVEMBER. 


By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, Hessle, E. Yorks. 


most difficult month in the whole 

year with which to contend, the 
climatic conditions being so varied and the 
changes so rapid that his skill and patience 
will often be taxed to the utmost. 

The temperatures given last month for the 
different departments should be maintained to 
the end of the year. In the case of extremely 
cold weather prevailing a fall of a degree or 
two will do no harm, but excessive fluctuations 
are most harmful. Clear frosty weather, if 
accompanied with sunshine, is most beneficial, 
but dull, moist, foggy weather may do irrepar- 
able harm if the temperature is allowed to fall 
too low. Cultivators who reside in districts 
where November fogs are unknown can hardly 
realise the damage that is done to collections 
situated on the outskirts of large cities. 

Ventilation is one of the most essential 
things in the cultivation of all plants in glass 
houses ; every effort should be used to ensure 
daily ventilation. It is often advisable to use 
shghtly more fire heat to allow one or more 
ventilators to be opened, and with a little 
thought it is astonishing what can be accom- 
plished even in this small matter. JI am 
thoroughly convinced that it is in these small 
details where many amateurs often go astray. 

Watering the plants at this season will need 
careful attention ; not only must the wants of 
the plant be studied but also the nature of 
the compost in which it is growing, for some 
composts retain moisture for a much longer 
period than others. In every case the culti- 
vator should be quite certain that the plant 
requires water before applying it. I am no 


r YHE Orchid grower has now reached the 


believer in dribbling water upon any plant ; if 
it is not dry enough to receive a good soaking 
leave it until the following day, it will take no 
harm. The dribbling process is injurious to 
any plant, and, to my mind, doubly so in the 
cultivation of Orchids. 

Dendrobiums of the spring-flowering section 
will by this time have finished their growths, 
and should be thoroughly cleaned and placed 
in their resting quarters. Give them a 
position where they may receive all the hght 
possible. When these plants are at rest only 
sufficient water should be given to prevent 
the bulbs shrivelling ; if this occurs, or their 
foliage is lost, the constitution of the plants 
suffers to such an extent that they are 
frequently worthless. D. Dearei, 1f still in full 
growth, should have every encouragement 
possible. A shady position in the stove or 
East Indian house answers its requirements, 
and no Orchid more fully repays one than 
this species, for when well grown its pure 
white flowers last practically through the 
summer months. D. Phalaenopsis and D. 
formosum, as they finish flowering, should be 
induced to take a decided rest, and for this 
purpose they should be removed to a slightly 
lower temperature. A sunny position in a 
warm Cattleya house will suit them well 
during the winter months; they should only 
receive sufficient water to keep the bulbs 
piump. D. Jamesianum and D. infundibulum, 
which have been growing in the cool house, 
shouid now be removed to the cool end of the 
intermediate house, which will suit them much 
better than if allowed to remain in the cool 
house during the winter months. 


42 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Lelia anceps and its varieties. Owing to 
the absence of sun these plants, in many 
cases, will not produce flower spikes in such 
profusion as they did last year. This class 
of plant delights in an abundance of light at 
all times, a free circulation of air, and when 
in growth an abundance of moisture. At this 
season water should be carefully applied until 
the flower buds appear, when it should be 
gradually reduced. Care should be taken 
that the tips of the spikes do not touch the 
glass, and where the head room is limited 
they should be tied down so that they do not 
reach the roof. Before the flower buds com- 
mence to expand it is advisable to thoroughly 
clean every plant, and tie the spikes neatly to 
stakes in such manner that they receive the 
maximum amount of light. The periodical 
cleansing of plants is, in my opinion, the only 
means of effectually fighting the various pests 
with which we have to contend. 

Lela harpophylla should now be removed 
to a light position in the Cattleya house, and 
afforded water at the roots until the flowers 
expand, when the plants should be kept on 
the dry side and in a cool intermediate house. 
The bright orange-red flowers are very attrac- 
tive and much appreciated at this season of 
the year. Lzlias, such as albida, autumnalis, 
and others, that are developing their flower 
spikes, should be treated as advised for 
L. anceps. 

Odontoglossums, such as grande and 
Schheperianum, that have passed out of 
flower should be placed in a dry position in a 
cool intermediate house, where they will rest. 
Plants of O. Insleayi that are producing their 
flower spikes must have liberal treatment until 
these are developed, when they may be 
treated in a similar way to the previously 
mentioned species. This class of Odonto- 
glossum thrives much better when treated in 
this manner than when grown in a lower 
temperature during the winter months. Slugs 
and woodlice are very fond of these species ; 
they should be diligently searched for or 
trapped in the usual way. 

Plants of Odontoglossum crispum—also the 
innumerable hybrids of which this species 1s a 
parent—that are not im a fit conditicn to be 


[November, 1912. 


repotted, will be better if left until the early 
spring; it 1s not advisable to disturb them 
during the dull days of winter. The warm 
growing O citrosmum should have every 
encouragement given to complete its growth, 
and if at all backward or late it will be 
advisable to remove it to a place where more 
heat is obtainable. 

Deciduous Calanthes that are pushing up 
their flower spikes, and, at the same time, 
losing their foliage, will require some care in 
the matter of affording moisture at the roots. 
If water is given in excess much harm will 
accrue, and if given in insufficient quantity 
the bulbs will unduly shrivel. No hard and 
fast lines can be laid down regarding the root 
moisture a plant can take up. 

Cattleyas and Lelias. Many members of 
this most beautiful family are now in flower, 
and as soon as they finish may be repotted, 
providing that new roots are pushing forth. 
The great mistake generally made in the cul- 
tivation of these plants is the application of 
water to newly potted plants before the roots 
have peneirated the new compost. 

Cypripediums. The heat loving Cypri- 
pediums, such as Stonei, philippinense, Lown, 
Rothschildianum, and the hybrids Morganie, 
T’Ansonu, Shillianum, and others of this class 
are now growing freely and must have an 


* ample supply of water boti at the roots and 


in the atmosphere. Spraying and syringing 
during the winter months are not recom- 
mended, for there is always the danger of 
water falling in the centre of the growth and 
causing decay. An excess of water will also 
cause the loss of roots. 

Winter flowering Cypripediums. These 
most useful plants are fast pushing up their 
flower spikes, and will enliven the house in 
which they are grown far into the new year. 
To the lover of these fascinating plants there 
is plenty to admire, and perhaps in no class of 
plants has the hybridist made greater strides. 
A few seasons ago some of the later acquisi- 
tions would have have been thouglit impos- 
sible to produce. Before the plants come into 
bloom they, like all others, should be 
thoroughly cleaned, the flower spikes neatly 
staked so that each receives a fair share of 


November, 1912. | THE. ORCHID WORLD. 43 


light, and every aid and inducement given to 
them that they may all develop into perfect 
blooms. 

If the plants of the Selenepedium section 
require repotting they may be done at this 
season, using a compost similar to that advised 
in previous numbers for the green-leaved 
Cypripediums. The plants must be carefully 
watered until they become established, after 
which they delight in being kept moist at all 
times. These plants, to a great extent, have 
lost their popularity, but there are many of 
much interest and worthy of cultivation. In 
many cases this section 1s grown in too much 
heat, a Cattleya house temperature will suit 
them admirably. 

Ccelogyne cristata has finished growing, 
and some plants are pushing their flower 
spikes. During active growth this most use- 
ful species requires considerable quantities of 
water at the root, but at the present time 
much less will suffice. If an insufficient supply 


DECORATIVE 
CO): is frequently at a loss to know how 


to cover up a pillar or conspicuous wa 1 

in an Orchid house. Epidendrums 
prove most useful subjects for this purpose, 
the long erect stems of some species growing 
to a height of ten or more feet, and besides 
being clothed with numerous small distichous 
leaves, they produce at their apex many 
flowered spikes of long lasting quality. 

Some of these flower-heads, especially those 
of hybrid Epidendrums, continue to produce 
blossoms for the long period of twelve 
months. Not so long ago, at one of the 
Temple Shows, Sir Jeremiah Colman exhibited 
specimens which were still producing blossoms 
from the identical flower-spikes shown at the 
same important event held the previous year. 

For a selection, the following will prove of 
value where tall growing specimens are 
required :—E. Cooperianum, a very beautiful 
species with racemes of pale olive-green or 
yellowish-brown flowers having a large three- 
lobed lip of bright rose colour; E. evectum, a 
species with deep magenta-purple flowers and 
often proved to be a perpetual bloomer; E. 


is given the flower spikes will fail to develop 
satisfactorily. 

Lycaste Skinneri. This useful Orchid will 
also be finishing its growth, and commencing 
to show its flower spikes. The plants should 
be kept fairly dry, but on no account must the 
bulbs be allowed to shrivel. Weak liquid 
manure is often recommended to be applied 
to this and the preceding Orchid, but if the 
plants have a sweet rooting medium and are 
in good health they will not require it. Many 
cases of disease are attributable to its use. 

General Remarks. The principal work of 
the month will be the cleansing of the houses 
and their inmates, and the general overhauling 
of the collection. Everything should be 
thoroughly done, so that by the time the 
spring 1s upon us we may be able to take 
advantage of it. One of the great axioms of 
plant culture is to do the right thing at the 
right time, in the right manner, and to do that 
thing thoroughly well. 


EPIDENDRUMS. 


Frederici Guilielmi, very ornamental, the rich 
crimson flowers having white columns which 
give them the appearance of possessing white 
eyes; E. paniculatum, with dark green leaves 
often spotted beneath with purple, and pro- 
ducing branched spikes of fragrant rosy-lilac 
blossoms; E. radicans, rather shy flowering, 
but the bright orange-scarlet blossoms are 
continually produced from the same spike 
during a period of three months; and E. 
Wallisu, a comparatively recent introduction 
with numerous sweet scented flowers of 
golden-yellow colour marked with small car- 
mine-crimson spots; the flowers open during 
the months of October and November and 
last from three to five months in perfection. 
The best known Epidendrum hybrids 
include E. O’Brienianum, the result of crossing 
evectum with radicans; E. Boundii, a hybrid 
of radicans and Burtoni; and E. Endresio- 
Wallisii, the latter one of the most useful and 
popular hybrids. It was raised by Mr. Seden, 
and exhibited by Messrs. Veitch and Sons at 
the Royal Horticultural Society, January 12th, 
1892, when it received a First-class Certificate. 


44 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


HYBRIDS OF 
ODONTOGLOSSUM_ ROSSII. 


HREE natural hybrids of Odonto- 
ale glossum Rossii exist in aspersum (R. 
x maculatum), Humeanum (R. x cor- 
datum), and vexativum (R. x nebulosum), the 
latter also known as Od. Duvivierianum. It 
is true that the parentages have not been 
proved by artificially raising and flowering 
these hybrids, but from the characteristics of 
their flowers we may safely assume that they 
are correct. One other Mexican species that 
would make an interesting hybrid with Od. 
Rossii is Od. Cervantesii. In many ways it 1s 
similar, the chief difference being in its 
broader petals and the markings arranged in 
concentric fashion. 

All important Rossu hybrids of the future 
will be those between this Mexican and the 
various Colombian species. The few already 
produced give some idea of further possi- 
bilities and the most likely means of obtaining 
the finest results. 

Odontoglossum spikes may be roughly 
divided into three classes. The tallest would 
contain species of the Edwardi and ramosis- 
simum type; the second class, to which the 
majority belong, may be exemplified by cris- 
pum; and the shortest class by the dwarf- 


[November, 1912. 


growing Rossii. By the continual use of Od. 
Rossii we shall be able to develop a most 
useful and elegant section of the genus, and, 
moreover, one likely to be of very great 
interest. 

Odontoglossum Rossii is particularly dis- 
tinct, the bright chrome yellow of the crest and 
surrounding surface is very beautiful, and one 
has only to mentally blend this with the hand- 
some yellow crest of Harryanum and the 
future possibilities are at once apparent. 
Some amateurs may suggest that yellow is 
not a suitable colour to encourage, but these 
opinions rapidly change when hybrids such 
as Jeannette and Woodroffee are produced, 
for in these the contrast of the bright yellow 
crest supported by the large violet-purple 
labelium is singularly effective. 

Colour arrangement follows fairly definite 
methods in the primary hybrids of this 
species ; but in secondary and those containing 
more than two species the variation will be in 
accordance with the complexity of the 
parentage. The basal markings on the petals 
of Rossu will always create in the hybrid a 
tendency to produce colour accumulation 
in the same place, although this sitvation 
may be more or less extended in agree- 
ment with the spotted area of the other 
parent. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL S0OCIEI: 


October 8th, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson 
Potter, W. Thompson, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. 
Hanbury, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, C. H. 
Curtis, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. P. 
Bound, J. E. Shill, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, 
W. H. White, Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, J. S. 
Moss, de B. Crawshay, Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), showed 
Leelio-Cattleya Berthe Fournier var. Fascina- 
tor, with six large rose colcured flowers ; L.-C. 
Priam, with seven large Harrisoniana shaped 


flowers ; and the elegant Cypripedium Draco 
“Holford’s var.” 

H. S. Goodson, Esgq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. G. E. Day), was awarded a Silver Flora 
Medal for a very interesting group. The 
centre contained the remarkable Cattleya Iris 
var. King Edward VIL. which has previously 
had a First-class Certificate ; Sophrocattleelia 
Elissa, of a pretty buff colour ; Lzelio-Cattieya 
Mrs. Donald MacMaster var. Carmencita (C. 
Dowiana Rosita x L.-C. luminosa); and L.-C. 
Elva var. Herbert Goodson. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver-gilt Medal for a large group 
containing the pretty Cattleya Isis; C. 
Fabia Rex, white with a finely-coloured lip ; 


HOGS DASA SRO 


C= 9 eS (0! 9) (ec =Ie=—_IC= 9) 


ODONTOGLOSSUM JEANNETTE. 


(O. Rossii rubescens X O. amabile heatonense.) 
F.C.C. R.H.S. March 14, 1911. 


HOG |da S|) GS-9 GS HjDO=-—H 


§iocw ooo —w STO 


November, 1912. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 4 


C. Freya (Mantinii x aurea), Cypripedium Vic- 
tory, of rich colouring ; the elegant Catasetum 
Russellianum, and numerous Odontoglossum 
and other hybrids. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Borlases, Twyford, 
received a Silver Flora Medal for a good 
eroup of Cattleya labiata containing many 
very dark forms; Laiio-Cattleya Virginia, 
and Odontoglossum Nathaniel var. Eric, the 
latter carrying a spike of nine richly-blotched 
flowers. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hull, 
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a well 
arranged group. Plants of special merit 
included the superb Cattleya Hardyana var. 
Countess of Derby, Odontoglossum _ bicton- 
ense album, Lelia monophylla, with six 
spikes, and Miltonia vexillaria superba. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. Busk Hill 
Park, obtained a Silver Flora Medal for a 
good group containing the beautiful Cattleya 
Gaskelliana Hodgkinsonu, with pure white 
sepals and petals, and a bluish-purple blotch 
on the lip; the curious Stanhopea graveolens, 
the rare Cattleya O’Brieniana alba, and the 
pretty Pleione lagenaria. 

Messrs. Chariesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, showed many excellent specimens, the 
best being Cattleya Fabia alba, Lelio-Cattleya 
Messena (Cappei x Mantini), L.-C. Neleus, 
and Stanhopea occulata. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a fine exhibit of Cypripediums, including 
Troilus, Felicity, and Maudie. Miltonia 
vexillaria Leopoldu, and various Cattleyas 
were also shown. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged several exampies of their noted strain 
of Odontoglossum crispum, a fine form of 
Odontioda Charlesworth, and a pretty variety 
of their Cattleya Lord Rothschild. 

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., Bur- 
ford, showed Cypripedium Rolfez “ Peeter’s 
var.” a very good dark form. 

Mons. Firmin Lambeau, Brussels, exhibited 
the handsome Catasetum splendens impetiale, 
with wax-like flowers having a rich crimson 
coloured lip. 


or 


R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streat- 
ham, exhibited various Odontiodas, including 
Devossiana, and good examples of Cattleya 
Fabia. 

William Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, 
Stone, showed the pretty Odontoglossum 
Nerissa (neevium x crispum), and Cypripedium 
Our Queen, to which an Award of Merit was 
given January 20th, 1909. 

E. G. Mocatta, Esq., Addlestone, exhibited 
Odontoglossum Jasper “ Woburn var.,” a very 
pretty flower of excellent shape. 

F. du Cane Godman, Esq., Horsham, sent 
Lelo-Cattleya Godmanii var. Aurora, a hand- 
some hybrid between Iris and callistoglossa. 

Pantia Ralh, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited a very fine variety of Cattleya 
Dowiana aurea. 

C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 
showed Laiio-Cattleya The Hon. Mrs. Astor, 
a large creamy-white flower; a very elegant 
Odontoglossum hybrid; and a fine variety of 
Oncidium Forbesu. 

EK. Townson, Esq., Ellerdale, St. Albans, 
staged Cypripedium Ellerdale (bingleyense x 
insigne Harefield Hall), a good, large flower 
with a rose flushed dorsal having crimson 
spotting, the sepals and petals rich mahogany 
colour. 

Mons. Chas. Maron, Brunoy, France, showed 
Brasso-Cattleya Olympia (C. Solfaterre x 
B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann) of a light yellow 
colour ; Cattleya Marguerite Maron (Eldorado 
alba x labiata Cooksoniz), a broad flower with 
white sepals and petals; and Cattleya Fabia 
alba. 

Mr. Sidney Flory, Tracy’s Nursery, Twick- 
enham, staged the rare Pescatorea Dayana 
rhodacra, and two forms of Warscewiczella 
marginata. 

The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim 
Palace, exhibited Cypripedium Jessie (Charles- 
worthu x Fairrieanum), a pretty hybrid fairly 
intermediate in form and colour. 


AWARDS. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya Harrisiana (Fabia alba x Warsce- 
wiczi var. Frau Melanie Beyrodt), from 


40 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks.— 
A beautiful hybrid resembling C. Hardyana 
alba. Sepals and petals white, labellum with 
ruby-purple front. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Hardyana var. Herbert Goodson, 
from H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney 
(er. Mr. G. E. Day).—A very large flower with 
pure white sepals and petals, the reddish- 
purple labellum being veined with gold. One 
of the best of its class. 

Miltonia Harwoodu (M. vexiliaria x C. 
Neezliana), from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.— 
An interesting hybrid with an erect spike of 
nine bright rose-pink flowers. 

Cattleya Mrs. Pitt “Charlesworth’s var.” 
(aurea x Harrisoniana), from R. le Doux, Esq., 
Marlfield, W. Derby, Liverpool—One of the 
finest varieties of this well-known hybrid. 
Flowers of a deep rose colour, the labellum 
handsomely marked with orange, over which 
is a crimson mottling. 

Odontioda Charlesworthu “Orchid Dene 
var.,” from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooks- 
bridge——An excellent form, the large flowers 
of deep blood-red colour. 


October 22nd, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Messrs. 
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, 
J. Wilson Potter, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Han- 
bury, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, C. H. Curtis, 
W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. 
Hatcher, J. Shill, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, 
W. H. White, C. J. Lucas® We Bolton, 9S: 
Moss, Stuart Low, de Barri Crawshay, R. 
Brooman-White and Sir Jeremiah Colman. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Engle- 
field Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), received a 
Silver Flora Medal for a very attractive 
group of choice Cattleyas, including C. 
Hardyana alba with 4 flowers on a spike; 
C. aurea pura, a very distinct golden-yellow 
variety showing little of the usual purple 
colouring; C. Oriel var. Corona (Hardyana 
x Mantini), a very beautiful hybrid; and C. 


[ November, 1912. 


labiata Opal. Cypripedium Alma Gevaert, an 
elegant albino form, was also shown. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. G. E. Day), was awarded a Silver Bank- 
sian Medal for a well-arrang2d group. The 
special plants included Cattleya labiata alba 
“Snow Queen”; C. Aliciz, which has 
previously been certificated ; the erect flower- 
ing C. Suavior; and the scarce Laelia splen- 
dens (crispa x purpurata). 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), 
exhibited Cattleya Mercutio (Harrisoniana x 
Lord Rothschild), a large rose coloured flower 
with broad segments and a bright yellow 
disc on the labellum. 

W. Cobb, Esq. Normanhurst, Rusper, 
showed Cattleya Mrs. Temple; Cattleya 
Fabia “Cobb’s var.,” one of the finest and 
darkest forms yet seen; and Zygocclax 
Charlesworthu “Cobb’s var.,” a fine variety. 

W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpten Hall, Heywood, 
staged Cypripedium Overtonu (fulshawense 
x Leeanum corona), a large flower with the 
dorsal sepal well developed and resembling 
an improved Harefield Hail variety. 

C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 
exhibited Cattleya aurea “Glebe var.,” a 
grand form with three large flowers of excep- 
tional colour; Lzelo-Cattleya Bola superba, 
an excellent variety; and Cattleya Basil 
(Mantinii x Enid), a rich, dark purple flower. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an exten- 
sive group of various autumn flowering 
hybrids and good species. Many excellent 
Cattleya Fabias, the dark coloured C. Man- 
tinii, C. Portia, and C. Iris were specially 
meritorious. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
obtained a Silver Flora Medal for an elegant 
display of Cypripediums, the varieties Troilus, 
Maudie, and Felicity being specially good. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hull 
Park, Enfield, were awarded a Silver Flora 
Medal for an effective group of specimen 
Dendrobium formosum, all exceedingly well 
flowered, the pretty D. Phalanopsis, and 
numerous varieties of Cattleya Fabia. Among 
the scarce Orchids were Cattleya maxima, 


November, 1912. | 


Epidendrum xanthinum, and E. osmanthum. 
Lelio-Cattleya Pallas with white sepals and 
petals, and good coloured forms of Vanda 
coerulea were also noticed. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co, Southgate, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a group 
containing good varieties of Lzlio-Cattleya 
Mrs. Temple (L.-C. Henry Greenwood x 
C. Mossiz) ; Cattleya Sylvia (Fabia x aurea), 
some of which were golden-yellow, while 
others had white sepals and petals. Select 
varieties of Cattleya labiata and C. Hardyana 
were shown in fine form. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, exhibited Oncidium — splendidum 
aureum ; On. varicosum Lindenu, with a rich 
blotch of colour on the crest area; Cypri- 
pedium Gaston Bulteel, of rich pigment ; 
Cattleya Fabia alba, with broad segments ; 
and Lelio-Cattleya Arachne (labiata x 
Haroldiana), a dark coloured hybrid of con- 
siderable promise. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged Sophrocattlelia Helen (L.-C. Got- 
toiana x S.-L. heatonensis), a very large 
flower of deep rosy-purple colour with a 
slight scarlet flushing over all the segments, 
the large labellum prettily frilled; also 
Cattleya Fabiata (Portia x Fabia), an elegant 
hybrid of great merit. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards 
Heath, staged Cattleya labiata “ The Sultan,” 
a distinct variety with pure white sepals and 
petals and coloured labellum ; also C. labiata 
alba “Lady Duff,” with broad pure white 
petals and only the slightest trace of colour 
on the flat part of the lip. 

Messrs. Mansell and MHatcher, Rawdon, 
Yorks., exhibited the interesting  Cirr- 
hopetalum refractum, Oncidium_ ornithoryn- 
chum album, and other meritorious specimens. 

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons showed 
many elegant Orchids in tneir extensive 
group. 

Mr. E. H. Davidson, Orchid Dene, 
Twyford, staged Cattleya labiata alba, of 
great beauty; Leelio-Cattleya Orion var. 
J. Lakin (Haroldiana x aurea), a distinct 
hybrid with buff-yellow sepals and_ petals 
and a broad lip of purp!te colour; also 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 47 


Sophrocattlelia Sandhage, a very fine rosy- 
red flower. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya labiata “Opal,” from Baron Bruno 
Schréder——One of the finest forms. The 
large flowers have broad, pure white sepals 
and petals, the labellum with slight rose 
veining. 

Cypripedium Pallasathenea, from W. R. 
Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood—One 
of the largest and finest Cypripediums, the 
broad dorsal sepal reminding one of insigne 
Harefield Hall. 

Cymbidium Doris (Tracyanum x insigne), 
from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge. 
—A very attractive hybrid with an upright 
spike of 10 creamy-rose flowers handsomely 
marked with red-brown. The labellum open, 
spotted with dark brown. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Hemptinne, from Count 
Joseph de Hemptinne, Ghent-——-One of the 
finest hybrids of the yellow section. Flowers 
of golden-orange colour, the lip slightly 
darker and with a buff tinge. The parentage 
is L.-C. ronselensis x aurea. 

Cattleya Maggie Raphael “Goodson’s 
var.,” from H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, 
Putney.—A particularly well-formed flower 
with erect rose-purple segments and a broad, 
open labellum. 

Lelio-Cattleya Golden Oriole “ Holford’s 
var.,” from Lieut-Col. Sir George Holford, 
Westonbirt.— A good example of this 
favourite hybrid. Sepals and petals rich 
golden-yellow, labellum very broad, of a rich 
crimson-red. 

Cattleya Comet var. Princess Mary 
(Warneri x aurea), from Pantia Ralli, Esq., 
Ashtead Park, Surrey—A very beautiful 
hybrid with erect creamy-white sepals and 
petals, the labellum almost entirely bright 
yellow. 

Sophrocattlelia Menippe var. H. S. Good- 
son (Hardyana x S.-L. heatonensis), from 
H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney.— 


48 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Probably the most richly coloured of all the 
Sophronitis hybrids. Flowers dark crimson- 
red. 

Sophrocattlelia Sandhage (Enid x S-L. 


[November, 1912. 


heatonensis), from Mr. E. H. Davidson, 
Orchid Dene, Twyford—A large, bold flower 
of rosy-red colour, the labellum very dark 
crimson, throat veined with gold. 


MANCHESTER ORGEID-SOCiEie 


October 3rd, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Cromblehoime (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, H. G. Bennett, J. 
Butterworth, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, 
A. Hanmer, W. J. Hargreaves, W. Hatcher, 
W. Holmes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. Parker, 
FE. K. Sander, H. Uhorp;Ze 7A) Warde: 
Warburton, H. Arthur (Secretary), and Dr. 
Hartley. 

W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood, was awarded a 
Large Silver-gilt Medal for a beautiful group 
of various Orchids. 

Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden, received a 
Silver-gilt Medal for a group composed prin- 
cipally of Cattleyas of the Iris section. 

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, staged a 
pretty group of select species and hybrids to 
which a Large Silver Medal was awarded. 

Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, was 
granted a Large Silver Medal for a good 
group of various Cattleyas and other Orchids. 

Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors, 
received a Silver Medal for a well arranged 
group of Cypripediums. 

J. McCartney, Esq., Bolton, obtained a 
Silver Medal for a group of interesting nybrid 
Cattleyas. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, staged several 
plants of Cypripedium Maudie, and many 
others of considerable beauty. 

R. le Doux, Esq., West Derby, exhibited 
several good Orchids to which certificates 
were awarded. 

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. 
Brown), staged Cyp. Troilus “ West Point.” 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
obtained a Silver Medal for a meritorious 
exhibit of Cypripediums. 

Mr. J. Evans, Congleton, was awarded a 
Silver Medal for a group of excellent Cattleya 
hybrids. 


Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford, 
secured a Silver Medal for an interesting 
exhibit. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, staged 
many very fine specimens of various Orchids. 

Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, staged 
various species and hybrids. 

Mr. J. E. Sadler, Newbury, staged two good 
forms of Od. crispum. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Lord Rothschild, a fine flower of 
good even colour, and C. Lord Rothschild 
alba var. Dr. John Utting, a good form with 
white sepals and petals and a brilliant purple 
lip. Both from R. le Doux, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Ada Barclay and Cypri- 
pedium Domingo de Larranaga (nitens x 
Standard), both from R. le Doux, Esq. 

Lzlio-Cattleya luminosa aurea (tenebrosa 
“Walton Grange” x aurea); L-C. Golden 
Oriole, Cyp. bellatulum var. majesticum, and 
Cattleya Apex (Enid x Mendel), all from R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cattleya Germania “ Ward’s var.,” from Z. 
A. Ward, Esq. 

Cypripedium Troilus “West Point var.,” 
from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Charlesworthu rawdonense, 
from Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher. 


FIRST-CLASS BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE. 


Cymbidium lancifolium, from Mr. H. Arthur. 


DECEMBER, 1912. 
—<———e Sno ao ee 


NOTES. 


GHENT SHOW, 1913.—The 17th Inter- 
national Horticultural Exhibition of Ghent, 
Belgium, will be held Saturday, April 20th 
to Sunday, May 4th, 1913. At this important 
event Orchids will be particularly well shown, 
the schedule contaming no less than 88 
special classes for these plants. Hus Majesty 
the King of Belgium is offering a Large Gold 
Medal for the finest group of Orchids 
exhibited by an amateur, and Mons. Firmin 
Lambeau is giving a valuable Work of Art 
for the best trade exhibit. A very large 
number of other Prizes are mentioned in the 
schedule. 


OBERONIA SPECIES——At the meeting of 
the Linnean Society held November 7th, 
1912, Mr. H. N. Ridley, F.R.S., read a paper 
on a collection of plants from Mount 
Menuang Gasing, Selangor. This mountain, 
4,900 feet high, is the most southern high 
point of the great chain of the granite moun- 
tains which form the backbone of the 
peninsula. 143 species of plants were 
collected by Mr. Kloss, the most noteworthy 
being one, at present undescribed, which is 
probably the biggest species of the large 
genus Oberonia. 


BIFURCATED DENDROBIUM.—An excellent 
example of bifurcation appears in_ the 


VOL SLITS 


pseudo-bulb of a Javanese Dendrobium of 
the phalznopsis section which has just been 
received from the collection of E. Baxter 
Cox, elsqy. Adelaide, ©S. Australia. The 
upper part of the bulb gradually widens until 
two distinct stems appear, each one of which 
has the remaining portion of strong terminal 
flower spikes. The exact cause is somewhat 
dificult to determine, although it is not 
unlikely due to vigorous development. The 
bifurcation or dividing of an organ must not 
be confused with the union of parts which 
under normal circumstances are separate, 
for examples of the latter class are invariably 
due to arrest of development following an 
insufficiency of nutriment. 


“y 
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VE 


¥ 


Ke 
iS 
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VANDA CCERULEA ALBENS.—A recently 
imported plant of this elegant species has 
produced flowers which, although quite equal 
in size to the type, are very distinct in colour. 
The pure white sepals and petals have a 
very slight tinge of reddish-purple at their 
extreme points, the labellum having the usual 
tint of blue over its entire surface. These 
distinctive qualities appear to be permanent, 
and thus differ from those of the small type 
of whitish flowers often seen on plants which 
are undeveloped and insufficiently exposed 
to bright light. The subject of this note is 
a plant in the collection of Albert Gunn, Esq., 
Newport, Mon. 


6 


50 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


CATTLEYA HARDYANA VAR. MASSAIANA. 
—The original C. Hardyana was named in 
honour of Mr. Geo. Hardy, who first flowered 
this natural hybrid between C. Warscewiczu 
and C. aurea in the year 1883. In course of 
time other amateurs discovered specimens, 
one of which appeared in the Duc de Massa’s 
collection, Luzarches, France, during the year 
1888. It was illustrated in the Orchid Album 
as C. Massaiana, a natural hybrid with the 
same parentage as C. Hardyana. Bearing 
these facts in mind it is regrettable to notice 
that both names for this natural hybrid are 
being used with the idea of producing two 
distinct secondary hybrids. Thus, C. Ena 
(bicolor x Massaiana) has been erroneously 
certificated as a distinct plant to C. Adula 
(bicolor x Hardyana), when in reality it is 
one and the same thing. C. Adula first 
appeared September, 1905. 


LAELIA ANCEPS SALE.—The Mexican 
Lalas from the Rosefield collection were 
sold by auction by Messrs. Protheroe and 
Morris, October 25th, 1912. The following 
figures are of interest: Laha anceps Craw- 
shayana, £1 8s.; Lia. Seottiana, AmiOss 
L. a. Mrs. de B. Crawshay, 43 35.5 >\leaeer 
Bull’s alba, 42 10s.; L. a. Chamberlainiana, 
£4 4s.; L. Schrédere Theodora, £4 4s.; 
L. S. Crawshayana, £4 4s.; L. S. Schréder- 
lana, 44 4s.; L. Hollidayana waddoniensis, 
£2 10s.; L. AH. Simonds es iesesod 
L. H. Theodora, 42 5s.; L. H. rosefieldiense, 
£4 4s.; and L. Dawsonu, 41 17s. 6d. 


SEED RAISING.—Mons. Firmin Lambeau, 
in a recent number of La Tribune Horticole, 
criticises the necessity of using fungus for 
raising Orchid seeds, and remarks that 
Cattleya fungus is so scattered in our houses 
that seeds germinate under almost all 
conditions. Cypripediums, Dendrobiums, 
Miltonias, Cymbidiums, Odontoglossums, and 
even Oncidiums easily germinate on the 
surface of the compost in which plants of the 
same genus are growing. Other species, such 
as Vandas, Phalenopses, and similar plants, 


have only given good results on exceptional] 


[December, 1912. 
occasions. Noel Bernard, during the last 
days of his life, was able to germinate Vanda 
seeds with certain facility, but the vigorous 
seedlings in the houses of M. Fernand Denis, 
at Bolaruch, were obtained without the use of 
this fungus, the method consisting in sowing 
the seeds in a very humid atmosphere and 
under complete aseptic conditions. 

CATTLEYA COMET.-This elegant autumn 
flowering hybrid between C. aurea and 
C. Warneri first appeared in 1903, since when 
several distinct varieties have been seen. 
More recently, by the use of C. Warneri alba, 
still finer results have been obtained, one of 
the best being “Princess Mary,” a beautiful 
example in the collection of Pantia Ralli, 
Esq. Ashtead Park, Surrey, and of which 
an illustration is given on page 51. ‘The 
creamy-white sepals and petals of the flower 
make a pleasing contrast to the broad, open 
labellum which is almost entirely bright 
golden-yellow. The question as to whether 
albino Cattleyas require treatment different 
to those of the purple-coloured section has 
more than once been raised, and it is not 
unhkely that their constitution may require 
some modification of the usual methods of 
culture now employed. However, Mr. S. 
Farnes, by whatever principle of treatment 
he adopts, obtained excellent flowers on the 
specimen of this Cattleya which received an 
Award of Merit, Royal Horticultural Society, 
October 22nd, 1912. The many rare and 
exceedingly choice specimens which have 
lately been added to the Ashtead Park 
collection allow it to stand in the foremost 
rank of present-day Orchid gardens. 

BusH HILL PARK NURSERIES.—In our 
issue of November, when commenting on the 
Orchids at Bush Hill Park, the writer was in 
error regarding the continuity of the old 
firm of Hugh Low and Co. This we regret, 
for, as 1s well known, the firm of Hugh Low 
and Co. was dissclved by order of the 
Chancery Court in 1909, one of the terms 
of the order being that neither of the 
partners should have the right to claim to be 
the successor of that firm, 


December, 1912. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


wn 


Cattleya Comet var.’ Princess Mary.” 
A beautiful variely in the collection of Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey. 


oy 
le 


ALBINISM 


THE ORCHID) WORLD: 


|December, 1912. 


ORCHIDS: 


By RICHD. G. THWAITES. 


T is with feelings of considerable diffidence 
| that I venture to bring forward for your 
consideration the subject of Albinism in 
Orchids, not only because the subject 1s a 
difficult one and contains points which are still 
very largely matters of opimion, but more 
particularly because | am unable to treat it 
from a scientific point of view. 

I am further conscious that | am speaking 
before experts who have had considerable 
experience with albino Orchids, but Learing 
in mind that this meeting is a conference at 
which opmions and experiences are invited in 
order that sound conclusions may be formed 
I am merely taking my part in the same, 
hoping to be able to throw a little light upon 
the subject. 

After considering the definition of albinism 
I propose to put before you the details of my 
experience with albino Orchids; the conclu- 
sions I have formed from such experience ; 
and the reasons for such conclusions. These 
are offered in no dogmatic sense, but merely 
as opinions for your consideration. 

Peing desirous of raismg white Orchids 
from seed, and having frequently obtained 
coloured flowers from the seedlings which I 
expected to flower white, I have turned to 
various writings upon the subject hoping to 
beneht by the knowledge and experience of 
others. 

I find these writings consist mainly of 
records cf results, principaily amongst Cypri- 
pediums, obtained in various gardens, and 
theories put forward to account for the 
mysterious happenings which have taken 
place, not always under the writer’s own 
observation. 

I must confess that I] have found some of 
these theories very difficult to follow, and 
have often been mystified rather than helped 
by them. For instance, I read: “It is now 
definitely established that the production of 


* Report of Paper read at the Orchid Conference, 
November, 1912. 


colour depends upon two factors which must 
both occur in one plant before the flowers can 
become coloured. In the two white forms 
these factors were segregated, hence the 
absence of colour in the two plants, but when 
crossed, the two factors unite, and a coloured 
form results.” 

As I understand it, a white flower called A 
will mate with a white flower called B and 
produce white progeny, but when A is mated 
with a white flower cal'ed C coloured progeny 
are produced because the factor which is in A 
differs from the factor which is in C. Now if 
there is a factor in A and B which is not in C 
it follows that there are two whites, the 
component parts of which are different, 
notwithstanding that all three flowers are 
admittedly white, but I cannot find an 
explanation of how the component parts differ 
cne from the other, or hew the factor which is 
in A and B compares with the factor which is 
in C. There is nothing to distinguish these 
two whites by, except their mysterious results, 
and then only after years of waiting, when 
the resuits are self-evident. 

Although this theory gives us only two 
whites, which to the eye are identical, there 
are also flowers admittedly white which to the 
eye are different. In the book “ Repertoire 
de Couleurs” there is shown, amongst others, 
pure white, snow-white, milk-white, and cream- 
white, which when viewed side by side are 
distinct from each other, but when viewed 
separately each of them would pass as white, 
6ut as their component parts must differ, or 
we could not detect any difference, so must 
the factor which they each poss?ss, and so we 
are faced with a complication which might 
unite not two but several factors. 

Further, if the white flower A combines 
with the white flower B to produce arother 
white flower and will also produce white with 
a white flower called D, then, if A and D are 
mated the progeny should still be white. 
Now if A, B, C, and D represent individual 
plants only the scope is very limited. If, 


December, 1912. | 


however, they represent a class one foresees 
danger in making use of the theory. 

Cattleya Triane alba is notoriously incon- 
stant, and the plant in one collection does 
not necessarily contain the same factor as the 
plant in another collection, unless it is a 
sub-division of the same plant. 

Theories are sometimes formed upon the 
evidence of others, and in getting evidence 
together one has to rely upon the judgment of 
others, who, without the least intention of 
misleading, may record a flower as white 
which is not white. So much does the opinion 
as to what is white vary, that one sees plants 
in flower exhibited as white which are 
distinctly flushed with colour upon the sepals 
and petals. 

One recognises, of course, that there must 
be factors, for without them there could be 
no products, but the suggestion that the whole 
range of whites in Orchids is covered by one 
of two factors appears to me to be 
hypothetical. 

The theory that “an alb:no Orchid is 
distinguished from a coloured one by the 
absence of purple sap” is one which carries 
us beyond the sphere of wfzte Orchids, and 
seems to have been propounded in order to 
account for the vagaries of Cypripedium 
insigne Sandere, C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, 
etc., which have been classed as albinos. 

This definition may serve a useful purpose 
in assisting the Cypripedium raiser, but as it 
includes yellows and greens it appears to me 
to cover too much ground to be useful to 
those raisers who are endeavouring to cbtain 
white Orchids from seed. 

When one contemplates mating one Orchid 
with another the mind looks forward and 
imagines that the colours one sees in the 
proposed parents will be so blended together 
as to produce in the flowers of the seedlings 
the same results as are produced by the 
blending of pigments in art, or the colours of 
the spectrum ; and, in a broad sense, bearing 
in mind that some colours are more powerful 
than others, I believe that the same combina- 
tion of colours takes place in Orchids. 

The dictionary definition of white is 
“reflecting to the eye all the rays of the 


VOL, III: 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 53 


spectrum combined,” that is to say, “ having 
all the constituent colours so blended that no 
colour is predominant,” and | believe that this 
is the correct definition of the white in Orchid 
flowers. 

Now whilst the perfect blending of all the 
colours of the spectrum produces perfect 
white, where the blending of the colours is not 
perfect a perfect white is not produced. The 
synthetic white of the Physics laboratory 
produced from pigments resembling all the 
colours of the spectrum, and combined, does 
not give perfect white. In the same way 
there are various whites in Orchid flowers, 
comparable to paper-white, snow-white, milk- 
white, and cream-white, each of which 1s 
distinguishable from the others. 

Sir William Abdy, in a lecture at the 
Central Technical College, caused to be 
thrown upon a sheet, by means of a lantern, 
three superimposed photographic pictures 
projected through three coloured screens 
thereby obtaining a coloured picture upon 
the sheet. The white objects in the view 
which had been photographed were repro- 
duced white upon the sheet notwithstanding 
that the light had passed through coloured 
screens ; that is to say, white, not necessarily 
perfect, had been produced by means of 
colours. 

Now considering that almost every Orchid 
known to us has a white variety there must 
be some logical reason for its existence, and 
if the perfect combination of colour produces 
white I think I am justified in concluding that 
it is the combination of colour which produces 
the white, more or less perfectly, in Orchid 
flowers. 

This opinion seems to drive me still further 
away from the desired object of obtaining 
white Orchids from seed, because I can never 
hope to blend red, yellow, and blue flowers by 
crossing so perfectly as to produce white 
flowers. Experience, however, tells me that 
white can be built up by choosing purple 
flowers upon one side and yellow upon the 
other, and the fainter the purple colour is, not 
only do the flowers of the seedlings more 
nearly approach white, but the proportion of 
white over coloured flowers is greater. 


~ 


54 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


The parents of the following examples 
contain purple on the one side and yellow 
upon the other, and the nearer these colours 
are to pure pale purple and pure yellow, the 
greater 1s the proportion of whites obtained. 

Dendrobium Wiganie xanthochilon crossed 
with D. Thwaitesiz produced flowers some 
with rose, some with violet, some with yellow, 
and some with white sepals and_ petals, 
showing that there were not only two but 
several factors involved. 

The same results were obtained by crossing 
Dendrobium Wiganie xanthochilon with D. 
Rubens, whilst from D. Wiganie crossed with 
D. Wiganie xanthochilon a number of the 
seedlings raised had either white or cream- 
white sepals and petals. 

Dendrobium Findlayanum crossed with D. 
Wiganie produced the same results, except 
that in the white varieties there was a faint 
trace of colour on the tips of the sepals and 
petals. 

Cattleya Dowiana aurea crossed with C. 
Triane albens produced C. Maggie Raphael 
with whitish sepals and petals in very large 
proportions. 

I believe that all white Orchids in Nature 
are produced from colour, their scarcity being 
due to the rare chance of Nature selecting and 
blending the colours so as to produce white. 
So soon as one attempts to obtain white 
seedlings from white parents there is con- 
siderable disappointment. Whites mated 
together will sometimes produce white, but 
coloured flowers have frequently resulted. 

The following parents have flowered white 
year after year, and have, without exception, 
produced white progeny :— 

Dendrobium nobile virginale fertilised with 
its own pollen. 

Cattleya labiata alba crossed with another 
C. labiata alba. 

Cattleya Mossiz Wagneri fertilised with its 
own pollen. 

Cattleya Mossiz Wagneri crossed with 
another C. Mossiz Wagneri. 

Cattleya intermedia alba crossed with C. 
Mossie Wagneri. 

Leha pumila alba fertilised with its own 
pollen, 


[December, 1912. 


I have never had white and coloured 
flowers from the same crossing of whites. 
The results have always been all white, or all 
coloured. 

The following produced flushed flowers 
without exception : — 

Dendrobium Wiganianum album crossed 
with D. nobile virginale. 

Cattleya labiata Amesiana crossed with C. 
labiata R. I. Measures. 

Cattleya Schrédere alba crossed with C. 
Mossize Wagneri. 

Cattleya Gaskelliana alba crossed with C. 
Harrisoniana alba. 

Cattleya Gaskelliana alba crossed with C. 
Mendel alba. 

All these crosses were made in the hope of 
obtaining white flowers. In the light of after 
experiences, however, the explanation of the 
disappointment appeared. 

Although the Cattleya Harrisoniana, the 
C. Mendelu, and the C. Schroderz were, so 
far as the eye was concerned, the true albinos 
of their class at the time they were used as 
parents, upon flowering them later all were 
seen to have a slight flush of colour, that is to 
say, they were not fixed whites; they had 
reverted towards their type. The Dendrobium 
Wiganianum was not a true albino in that it 
had two faint lines of colour in the throat, 
although it received an Award of Merit as D. 
Wiganianum album; and both the Cattleya 
labiata Amesiana and the C. labiata R. I. 
Measures had coloured lips. 

As an instance that it is possible for a plant 
to flower white one year and coloured 
another, and to exonerate myself for allowing 
these failures to be recorded as failures to 
obtain white from white, I call your attention 
to the plant Cattleya Trane Mrs. Edward 
Sondheim ; the flowers of this when I first saw 
them were pure white, and, as such, received 
a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horti- 
cultural Society. The drawing, which was 
made of it at the time, shows it as a pure 
albino, but it has since flowered coloured. 
How, then, is one to account for this reversion 
towards the type? 

I believe that the colours one sees in 
Orchid flowers are produced upon the surface 


December, 1912.| THE ORCHID WORLD. bs 


of the flower by the chemical action of light 
and air. The plant contains selected coloured 
sap which is drawn up through the stem to 
the bud, and is split up along the veins upon 
the surface of the flower. This sap, by the 
process known as ripening, 1s made more or 
less responsive to the action of oxidation by 
light and air, and the varying richness of the 
colours obtained in the flowers depends upon 
the amount of light and air admitted to the 
plant during the ripening period as well as 
the final stages of the flowers’ development. 

When a plant produces flowers of richer 
colours than previously we say “this is due to 
good cultivation,” and so it is. The riper the 
plant, and the more light and pure air 
available for the cultivator’s judicious use, the 
richer will be the colour sap, and the more 
noticeable will be the chemical change of the 
sap in the veins upon the surface of the 
flower. 

A plant which has flowered white one year 
and slightly flushed the next may be made to 
flower white again by allowing the bud to 
open in the dark, and so preventing the light 
from producing a chemical change in the sap. 

I believe that plants which flower white one 
year and flushed another year possess in 
themselves a small quantity of colour sap, 
which is observed in the colour of the flower 
only when sufficient oxidation has taken 
place. Only those plants which flower white 
year after year under good cultivation may 
be looked upon as “ fixed,” and these are the 
only safe plants to use for producing white 
progeny. 

When albinos, so-called, will not intercross 
to produce white I would attribute the reason 
to one or both of the parents containing 
colour sap, and by the same reasoning I[ 
commit myself to the belief that all true 
albinos will intercross with their own class to 
produce white. 

In closing this paper I would ask all those 
who are interested in Orchids to use their 
endeavours to stop the careless, misleading, 
and too frequent use of the word alba as 
applied to plants which have no right to the 
description. By this I do not merely mean 
flowers with coloured lips, but I particularly 


refer to those flowers which are distinctly 
flushed with colour on the sepals and petals, 
and are still labelled alba. 

The recording of such plants as white not 
only creates considerable difficulty in arriving 
at logical conclusions, but is_ particularly 
unfair to those who must have accurate data 
from which to work, and who, by their 
writings, are endeavouring to assist the raiser. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CYPRIPEDIUM TRACERY.—A _ charming 
little hybrid between Psyche (niveum x 
bellatulum) and Fairrieanum has been raised 
by Mr. F. C. Puddle in the Scampston Hall 
Gardens, Rillington, York. The porcelain- 
white flower is prettily covered with fine 
rose-purple tracery having an inclination to 
arrange itself in lineal fashion. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA THYONE.—By crossing 
L.-C. Ophir (xanthina x aurea) with C. aurea 
a further addition to the yellow-flowering 
section has been produced. The additional 
influence of aurea has resulted in a fairly 
large golden-yellow flower of good substance 
and of special value for future hybridis- 
ing purposes. This hybrid has_ recently 
flowered in the Ashtead Park collection, from 
whence a bloom has been sent by Mr. Farnes. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM __ SCINTILLANS. — This 
pretty hybrid between Rossi rubescens and 
Wilckeanum was exhibited at the Manchester 
Orchid Society, October 17th, 1912, by Mr. 
Wm. Thompson, of Stone. The flower 
resembles Od. Fowlerianum (Rossu x cirr- 
hosum) in the sparsely spotted nature of the 
sepals. The effect of luteopurpureum, derived 
through the Wilckeanum parent, may be seen 
in the somewhat elongated segments and the 
brownish tinge of the spotting. 

CATTLEYA MAD. CHARLIER—As a useful 
autumn flowering hybrid this cross between 
Mantiniu and labiata would be difficult to 
equal. The rich colouring of the former 
parent, composed of Bowringiana and aurea, 
adds considerable beauty to the large flower 
of labiata. Raised in the collection of Mons. 


56 THE -ORCHID WORDD: 


Firmin Lambeau and exhibited at Brussels, 
October 20th, 1912, when it was unanimously 
awarded a Certificate of Merit. 

CATTLEYA OBERON.—A _ usefu) and 
elegant autumn flowering hybrid between 
C. Fabia and C. Hardyana. A very. pretty 
and distinctly marked variety was shown by 
Mr. E. R. Ashton at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, November 5th, 1912. 

CATTLEYA MULLERI—In this addition 
to the albino section we have a_ beautiful 
hybrid resulting from C. Mrs. Myra Peeters 
(Gaskelliana alba x Warneri alba) x C. 
intermedia alba. The stiff, erect flowers are 
of good substance and pure white. Shown 
by Messrs. Sander and Sons, Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, November 5th, 1912. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA Miss LOCKE.—Raised 
in the Brockhurst collection, this hybrid 
between C. Mantinu and L.-C. Isis (pumila 
x Marstersonize) has parentage likely to give 
very varying results. The first seedling to 
flower inherits much of the Mantini shape 
and colour. 

ONCIDIODA MARJORIE.—By crossing C. 
Noezhana with On. Forbesu, Messrs. Charles- 
worth have produced an interesting hybrid 
with reddish-buff coloured flowers having a 
yellowish-buff tint on the apex of the 
labellum. Four other Oncidiodas are known: 
Charlesworthu (C. N. x O. incurvum), cinna- 
barina (O. monachicum x C. N.), Cybele 
(O. sarcodes x C. N.), and Penelope (C. N. 
x O. leucochilum),. 


NOMENCLATURE OF 
CYPRIPEDI@IMS: 


OUR article urging greater simplifica- 

! tion of nomenclature in Orchids will 
be read with interest by amateurs, 

and, at the same time, will provoke criticism. 
The basis for the suggestion of the new 
system of naming seems to be that all 
Orchids, nominative Cypripediums, inheriting 
the same parents shall receive the same name. 
If these varieties contained the same parents 
in equal degrees no one would dispute the 
advisability of this process ; but if in unequal 


[December, 1912. 


degrees then neither advisedly nor scientifi- 
cally may one ascribe to them a common 
name. 

Take, for example, the varieties aureum, 
Leander, and dellense cited for a common 
name of aureum because they each contain 
insigne, villosum, and Spicerianum. Analyse 
the three :— 

Aureum=(insigne x villosum) x Spicer- 
lanum; 2.2, aureum is half a Spicerianum, 
because this species is half of the parentage ; 
so that aureum consists of one part insigne, 
one part villosum, and two parts Spicer- 
lanum. 

Leander=(insigne x Spicerianum) x villo- 
sum; 2.2, one part insigne, one part Spicer- 
1anum, and two parts villosum as representing 
half the parentage. 

Dellense=(villosum x Spicerianum) x 
insigne; 2.¢, one part villosum, one part 
Spicerianum, and two parts insigne. 

Could all these three hybrids be called 
aureum? Pursue the idea. a little further. 
Cross aureum with insigne and an analysis of 
the hybrid will give one part villosum, two 
parts Spicerianum, and five parts insigne. 
Cross this hybrid again with insigne and a 
hybrid will be produced containing one part 
villosum, two parts Spicerianum, and twelve 
parts insigne; yet it shall be called an 
aureum. 

If instead of crossing aureum twice with 
insigne it be crossed twice with Spicerianum 
a hybrid is obtained having one part villosum, 
one part insigne, and fourteen parts Spicer- 
zanum. This also shall be called an aureum. 
Thus there will be one aureum containing 
12/16ths insigne, and another hybrid con- 
taining 14/160ths Spicerianum. 

Would not such a system be illogical and 
unscientific. The only way out of the diffi- 
culty is to call all hybrid Cypripediums by 
florist’s names, and let the Orchid Committees 
issue from time to time a list of varieties that 
they consider synonymous, as does the 
National Rose Society. 

Besides, a lot of made-up parentages are 
afloat ! 

JOHN CROMBLEHOLME. 

St. Mary’s, Clayton-le-Moors. 


December, 1912. | 


THE APPLICATION 


THE ORCHID) WORLD: 


on 
a | 


OF, GeNETICS. TO*ORCHID 


BREEDING, 


Bev AjOhmec. CaHURST, Fils. 
(Director of the Burbage Experiment Station.) 


built up during the past decade on 

the firm foundations laid by Mendel 
nearly 50 years ago. The Royal Horticul- 
tural Society, through its far-seeing secretary, 
the Rev. W. Wilks, took a leading part in the 
introduction of Mende:’s work to English 
readers some 10 years ago, and in the mean- 
time the Society has in many ways helped to 
advance the new Science of Genetics. 


r | SHE new Science of Genetics has been 


The word genetics was first used by Pro- 
fessor Bateson at the time of the International 
Hybridisation Conference held by the Royal 
Horticultural Society in London in 1906, and 
was used by him as a convenient word to 
express the modern science of breedifg on 
Mendelian lines. Technically, the word 
genetics covers not only the primary 
principles of heredity, as understood and 
expounded by Mendel himself, but also all 
the secondary developments of Mendelism 
that have taken pace during the past decade 
in consequence of the experiments and 
observatiens of Mendelians in all parts of the 
world, not only with cultivated plants, but 
also with domesticated animals including man 
himse f. 

Perhaps the most remarkable feature in the 
progress of the modern Science of Genetics 1s 
the extraordinary way in which experiments 
with plants have led to the solution of 
important problems in animal breeding, while, 
on the other hand, experiments with animals 
have in their turn led to the solution of many 
difficu-ties in plant breeding. As experiment 
follows experiment, and discovery succeeds 
discovery, the word “genetics” wil still 
cover the ground, and its influence and utility 
will beceme increasingly marked as time 
ro_ls on. 


*Abstract from the Paper read at the Orchid 
Couference, November, 1912. 


VOL. LT: 


Orchids are truly regarded as the aristo- 
crats of the plant world, and the results 
achieved by Orchid breeders during the past 
20 years constitute one of the seven wonders 
of the- world of horticulture. No other 
natural order of cultivated plants has yielded 
so many beautiful hybrids in so short a time 
as the Orchidacee. At least 40 genera 
and 300 distinct species have been already 
utilised by Orchid breeders in the making of 
their hybrids. About 2,000 of these are 
primary hybrids, while no less than 300 are 
generic hybrids. Besides these botanical 
hybrids there are on record some thousands 
of horticultural secondary, tertiary and mul- 
tiple hybrids, to say nothing of mu:titudinous 
varietal and individual forms which no man 
can number. 

When one remembers that most of these 
remarkable results have been achieved in less 
than a generation (one might almost say, 
since the last Orchid Conference was held 
here), and that the raising of such delicate 
exotics from seed, under purely artificial con- 
ditions, is by no means an easy matter even 
for the expert, one cannot but admire the 
practical genius of British and Continental 
Orchid breeders that has brought about such 
a consummation. Those who had the good 
fortune to see the remarkable display of 
Orchids at the International Exhibition at 
Chelsea last May, must have been impressed 
by the leading part played by hand-raised 
hybrids in the various groups. 

In face of such an imposing array of beau- 
tiful hybrids, it may seem presumptuous on 
the part of a student of genetics to offer to 
the Orchid breeder any suggestions as to the 
advantages that might be derived from an 
application of the Science of Genetics to 
Orchid breeding, for where practical Orchid 
breeding has been so successful the applica- 
tion of the Science of Genetics might 


8 


58 tHE ORCHID WORLD: 


naturally be regarded as somewhat super- 
fluous. But those behind the scenes know 
better. The wonderful hybrids that appear 
in public represent only one side of the 
picture. 

Orchid breeders of experience know too 
well that in order to secure a really first-class 
hybrid it 1s necessary to raise large numbers 
of others. Many are called, but few are 
chosen. Some crosses naturally yield more 
good forms than others, but, generally speak- 
ing, first-class hybrids are few and_ far 
between, and the moderate and poor forms 
are far too numerous. In secondary and more 
complex hybrids especially, the numbers of 
mishts and unwanted weeds that turn up time 
after time is rather disconcerting, and the 
question often arises as to whether many of 
these crosses are worth making at all from 
the economic point of view, though from the 
scientific standpoint they are naturally most 
instructive. 

From this it is evident that chance plays a 
great part in modern Orchid breeding, and 
there is really very little certainty in the game 
as played by the leading exponents. Now if 
the modern Science of Genetics teaches any- 
thing, it is that there are certainties to be 
found in breeding. A careful study of recent 
work in genetics points unmistakabiy to the 
important fact that law and order may be 
perceived in breeding. From the economic 
point of view it costs just as much to raise a 
poor form as it does a good one, the time, 
trouble and expense involved are the same, 
and the practical problem that faces the 
Orchid breeder is how to manage his matings 
so as to reduce the number of worthless 
forms to a minimum. 

This is where the application of genetics 
to Orchid breeding should come in to help 
the breeder. Of course, in the early stages 
of the application it cannot be expected that 
all Orchid breeding will be reduced to a cer- 
tainty, that would be too much to expect, nor 
would it be a together desirable, for in such a 
case Orchid breeding would be divested of 
much of its charm. Already a few certainties 
in Orchid breeding are known, thanks mainly 
to the application of the Mendelian principles, 


[December, rg12. 


and that many other certainties await dis- 
covery there can be no doubt. 

One important point, however, should be 
noted, and that is, that under present con- 
ditions Orchid breeders must very largeiy 
discover these certainties for themselves by 
the application of the principles of genetics. 
In this respect Orchid breeding differs much 
from ordinary plant breeding. The Orchid 
field is so wide, the conditions so difficult, and 
the complications so numerous, that only a 
practical expert can carry out the necessary 
experiments, and even he must have con- 
siderable resources of capital and experience 
at his command. 

In order to apply genetics to Orchid 
breeding it will be necessary for the Orchid 
breeder to make himself familar with the 
first principles | These principles are now 
universally accepted by all serious students of 
heredity who have experimented for them- 
seives, and they can be applied equally to all 
kinds of plants and anima's including man 
himself. From the practical point of view, it 
will not be necessary for the Orchid breeder, 
at the outset at all events, to venture much 
beyond these first principles. His own experi- 
ments, if based on these princip'es and 
carefully carried out, will soon yield a harvest 
of valuable data that will lead him on to more 
advanced work and to a deeper insight into 
the possibiities and certainties of Orchid 
breeding. 


FIRST PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS. 


Each plant or animal 1s composed of many 
characters, most of which are heritable. 

Each heritable character 1s represented in 
the germ-cells by one or more factors. 

In the fertilised cell, or zygote, each factor 
is present either in a double state or a single 
state. 

When a double dose of the factor is present, 
the plant or animal is called homozygous, or 
pure, in regard to that factor. 

When a single dose of the factor is present, 
the plant or animal is cal'ed heterozygous, or 
impure, in regard to that factor. 


December, 1912. | THE ORCHID 


When the factor is altogether absent, the 
plant or animal may be called zerozygous, or 
wanting, in regard to that factor. 

Previous to fertilisation the zerm-celis 
divide and segregation takes place in regard 
to each factor. 

Each cell with a double dose of the factor 
becomes two fertilising cells, or gametes, each 
with a single dose of the factor. 

Each cell with a single dose of the factor 
becomes two fertilising cells, or gametes, one 
of which has a single dose of the factor and 
the other has none. 

Fertilisation consists in the union of two 
fertuusing cells, or gametes, a pollen or sperm- 
cell from the male uniting with an egg-cell 
from the female. 

If both paternal and maternal gametes 
have a singve dose of the factor, a zygote will 
be formed with a double dose of the factor, 
and the plant or animal will be homozygous, 
or pure, in regard to that factor. 

If, however, one of the gametes has a single 
dose of the factor and the other has none, a 
zygote will be formed with a single dose of 
the factor, and the plant or animal will be 
heterozygous, or impure, in regard to that 
factor. 

If neither of the gametes has the factor at 
all, it will, of course, be altogether absent 
from the zygote, and the plant will be zerozy- 
gous, or wanting, in regard to that factor. 


PRACTICAL CONSEQUENCES. 


The practical consequences of these first 
principies of genetics are that, as regards any 
one heritable character represented by a 
factor, there are three distinct kinds of indi- 
vidual plants: (1) homozygous, or pure; (2) 
heterozygous, or impure ; and (3) zerozygous, 
or wanting. Each of these three kinds of 
individuals will give a different result when 
bred from. With regard to outward appear- 
ances, No. 3 will, of course, be easily distin- 
guishable from Nos. 1 and 2, representing, as 
it usually does, the hypostatic or recessive 
form from which the epistatic or dominant 
character 1s quite absent. 

If, as sometimes happens, a single dose of 


WORLD. 59 


the dominant factor produces the same effect 
in the zygote as a double dose, we get the 
phenomenon of complete dominance, and 
in such cases Nos. 1 and 2 are indistin- 
guishable in outward appearance, and their 
homozygous or heterozygous nature can only 
be determined by breeding from them. 

If, however, as often happens in Orchids 
single dose of the dominant factor produces a 
different effect in the zygote from a double 
dose, we get the phenomenon of incomplete 
dominance, in such cases Nos. 1 and 2 are 
distinguishable in outward appearance, and 


a 


d 


their homozygous or heterozygous nature 1s 
determined at sight without breeding from 
them. 

The apparent blending of characters 
observed in many Orchid hybrids is no doubt 
due to the effect of the single dose of one 
factor reacting on the effect of a single dose 
of another factor, resulting in a mosaic. 

When more than one heritable character is 
involved in the breeding problem, as usually 
happens in Orchids, the different kinds of 
individual plants become exceedingly numer- 
ous. One plant, for instance, may be 
homozygous for one character, heterozygous 
for another, and zerozygous for a_ third 
character, and so on. Each individual p‘ant, 
however, has a definite germinal or gametic 
constitution, which can be ascertained by 
cross-breeding it with other plants. In this 
way a factorial analysis of the plant can be 
made, and as regards each heritable character 
the plant will be found to be either homozy- 
gous, heterozygous, or zerozygous, and as such 
it will behave when bred from. Once the 
factorial analysis of a plant has been made, 
all future breeding from that plant is reduced 
practically to a certainty. 


COLOUR AND ALBINISM. 


Recent results show that in certain cases 
an apparently simple heritable character 1s 
due to the presence of more than one distinct 
factor. For instance, in Orchids we have 
already one case of that description, and no 
doubt there are many more yet undiscovered. 
From evidence collected by the writer some 


60 ANB, 


years ago, there can be no doubt that the 
rosy-purple colour present in the flowers and 
leaves of the various species of Cattleya and 
Cypripedium is due to the simultaneous 
presence of two complementary colour factors 
which we cali C and R. If one or both of 
these factors is absent, the result is a true 
albino, with no trace of purple sap in the 
flowers and leaves. This purple colour can 
only be produced when the two factors C and 
R are both present. 

Now as we have. just seen, the colour 
factors C and R may be present in a double 
state, CC and RR, or in a single state, Cc and 
Rr, or they may be absent altogether, cc and 
rr, consequently no less than five different 
kinds of albinos may exist, as follows :— 


(De (€ Grr (QF feck: 
(2) 1Cerr (4) ccRr 
(Gy) scare 


For the sake of convenience, it 1s usual in 
genetics to represent the presence of a factor 
by a capital letter and its absence by a small 
one. 

These five albinos may be absolutely iden- 
tical in appearance and outward characters, 
yet each has a different germinal constitution, 
and consequently will give different results in 
breeding. Each of these five albinos will 
breed true to albinism when selfed, but when 
they are crossed zxter se different results will 
be obtained. Thus, out of the 15 possible 
matings 11 will give all albinos; 2 will give 
on the average equal numbers of albinos and 
coloured forms; 1 will give 1 coloured form 
to 3 albinos; and 1 will give all coloured 
forms. 

Table I. gives the factorial details of these 
15 matings, showing how the above calcula- 
tions have been made. 


TABLE I. (ALBINO MATINGS.) 
Parents. Offspring. Result. 
(Go) (Sine S160) (Eine call Car all Albinos 


(Ceres i (Cine all Albinos 
all Coloured 
1 Coloured: 
1 Albino 


(yy) (ElGrne Se (2) (Crain 
(a) (CG xB) iceRRoalliEckr 


) (Cleine Se (CnneelRep re (CMR i (Cin 


(nt) (C@rr<5(5)icem  aliGery all Albinos 
(2) (Cour 64 (@) (Gene : ee 2 Cerr: all Albinos 


1 Coloured: 


in AGKelKGE A 5 lel Rtir 1 Albino 


(2) Geri) rcekukx 


a —— 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [December, 1912. 


Offspring. Result. 
{ 1 CcRr: 1 ceRr: | 1 Coloured: 
{ «Cerr: reerr { 3 Albinos 


Parents. 
(2) Cerr x () ccRr 


(2) Cerr x (5) cerr WGer sn cc all Albinos 
(3) ecRRx (3) ccRR all ccRR all Albinos 
(3) ecRRx (4) ecRr NecRRe Wcekr all Albinos 
(3) ecRR x (5) cerr all eeRr all Albinos 

? Fess Wm @CIKee arwelkies ‘ion om 
(4) ceRr x (4) ceRr snes all Albinos 
(4) ecRr x (5) cerr 1ccRr: 1 ecrr all Albinos 
@)keemm s())cenr all cerr all Albinos 


C represents 1st colour factor. 

R represents 2nd colour factor. 

CC and RR represent double presence of 
factors C and R, z.c., homozygous, or pure. 

Cc and Rr represent single presence of 
factors C and R, z.c., heterozygous, or impure. 

cc and rr represent absence of factors C 
and R, 2.e., zerozygous, or lacking. 

The same scheme, of course, applies equally 
to coloured forms as to albinos. Thus, four 
distinct kinds of coloured forms are possible, 
V1Z. :— 

@) CORR (c) CcRR 

(bs CCRs (d) CeRr 

These four coloured forms may be absolutely 
identical in appearance and outward ciar- 
acters, yet each has a different germinal con- 
stitution and consequently will give different 
results in breeding. Of the 10 possible 
matings 5 will give a// coloured forms; 4 will 
give on the average 3 coloured forms to 
1 aibino; and 1 will give on the average 9 
coloured forms to 7 albinos. 

Table II. gives the factorial details of these 
matings, showing how the above calculations 
have been made. 


TABLE II. (COLOURED MATINGS.) 


Parents. Offspring, Result. 
(a) CCRR x (a) CCRR all CCRR all Coloured 
(a) CCRR x (b) CCRr 1CCRR:1CCRr all Coloured 
(a) CCRR x (c) CecRR 1CCRR:1CecRR all Coloured 
(a) CCRR x (a) CeRr | TECRR: 1 CCRT: | ani Coloured 
1 CCRR: 2 CCRr: { 3 Coloured: 
1 Albino 


(bYCCR X(OICCRE IS Goes ee 
(b) CCRr x (d) CeRr “Ge 
1 CGr 1 Cem =o 


| 
J 
(b) CCRr x (b) CCRr { 1 CER { 
V1CERRa tT GGRr SCA 
1 CCRR:1 CcRR: : 
} 3 COR iene ts Coloured: 
1 CCRRe2 CeRRe 3 Coloured : 
nCCRRe 1 CGRre | 


c)CeRR x (c) CcRR 


1cecRR 1 Albino 
(c) CeRR x (d) CeRr j 2CcRR: 2 CcRr: 6 pete 
tccRR: 1ccRr 2 Mees 
1 CCRR: 2 CcRR: 
TieckR= 2CCRE 9 Coloured : 
(d) CeRr x (d) CeRr)4 CcRr: 2 ccRr:/7 Albinos 


re Grr 


I cerr 


23Ccm): 


December, 1912.] THE. ORGHID 


Further interesting results will be obtained 
by mating the four coloured forms with the 
five albino forms. 

Of the 20 possible matings 7 will give ad/ 
coloured forms; 8 wil give on the average 
equal numbers of coloured and albino forms ; 
2 will give 3 coloured forms to 5 albinos; 2 
will give 3 coloured forms to 1 albino; 
and 1 will give 1 coloured form to 3 albinos. 

Table III. gives the factorial details of 
these matings, showing how the above 
calculations have been made. 


TASLE 1 -(COLOURED: x: ALBINOS.} 


Offspring. Result, 
all CCRr all Coloured 
(aeGRR x (2) Cer 1 CCRr:1CcRr_ all Coloured 
(a) CCRR x (3) ccRR_ all CcRR all Coloured 
(a) CCRR x (4)ecRr 1 CcRR:1CckRr all Coloured 
(a) CCRR x (5) cerr all CcRr all Coloured 
‘ 1 Coloured: 
(by) CGRr -x (1) €€r  vCCRres CCrr, } 5 Aino 
z, TGCRr 1 Cre: (i2:Coloured ; 
(b) CCRr x (2) Cerr { 1 Cekr= 1 Germ (2Albinos 
(b) CCRr x (3) ccRR 1CcRR: 1 CcRr all Coloured 
(b) CCRr x (4) ceRr 1 CcRR: 2 CcRr: f 3 Coloured: 


Parents. 


(aGERR x (1) CGrr 


i. Cem ; t Albino 
(DIEERin SoG) cer DCchkw+ 1 Cchawsl ; et aaa 


(c) CcRR x (1) CCrr_ 1 CCRr:1CecRr all Coloured 


i 1 CCRr: 2CcRr: f 3 Coloured: 
() CoRR x (2) Corr [Ty je xteing 
(c) CcRR_ x (3) ceRR Pe WecRR | cater 
{1 CcRR: 1 CcRr: ( 2 Coloured: 
(c) CcRR x (4) ccRr | 1ecRR: 1 ceRr | 2 Albinos 


(eNGeRike Se (s)cerr 9 *1€eRr®y mcceRr | : eecay 


GERr: bs - 

pean ae Gr) Er ; CcRr: : seis ae eae 

meEGRre 1 Cem: 

2 CeRr: 2Cerr: | 3 Coloured : 
recRr: recrr (5 Albinos 

(QIGEE eiyceR VT cen techn}. Gee 

| 1CcRR: 1ccRR: | 


(d) CeRr x (2) Cerr 


| 3 Coloured : 
2 CcRr: 2 ceRr : 5 Albinos 
uy Cem cen 


s 1CeRr: 1 Cerr: { 1 Coloured 
(d) CeRr x (5) cerr tecRr: recrr 3 Albinos 


(dj) CcRkr— x @ceRr 


IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL STUD 
PLANTS 


The practical consequences of these first 
principles are important and far reaching 
from the Orchid breeder’s point of view. 

If each individual plant grown from a seed 
has a definite germinal constitution which 
determines its breeding powers and _ poten- 
tialities, then it is necessary that each 


WORLD. O1 


individual plant used as a parent should have 
an identification mark. Whether this identi- 
fication mark consists of an individual name, 
a stud number, or anything else, 1s simply a 
matter of convenience, so long as the identity 
of each stud individual is maintained for 
future use. In 1909 the writer suggested that 
identification might be assured by putting the 
name of the importer or raiser in brackets 
after the ordinary name together with a nuim- 
ber showing the order of its appearance, ¢.g., 
Cypripedium callosum Sanderze (Sander 1), 
(Low 1), (Cookson 1), (Statter 1), and so 
forth. The first was imported in 1894, the 
second in 1904, and the third and fourth 
were raised by hand, presumably from the 
first. All divisions of the original plant 
would, of course, have the same germinal con- 
stitution, and would consequentiy bear the 
same identification mark. 

There is no doubt that in course of time 
certain individual plants would acquire a stud 
reputation much in the same way as a noted 
sire or brood mare does in thoroughbred 
horses, and the propagation of such an indi- 
vidual Orchid by division, and its distribu- 
tion, would become a valuable economic 
asset. 

Having secured the identification of each 
individual stud plant, the next step is to 
ascertain their germinal constitution by 
breeding from them. The original Mendelian 
method was to self them, but recent results 
show that this method alone is not sufficient 
to give a complete analysis of the germinal 
constitution of a plant. In order to do this 
it 1s necessary to cross-breed them, and in 
cases like albinism, for instance, this is the 
only method possible. From this it is evident 
that the ordinary experiments in hybridisa- 
tion and cross-breeding made by Orchid 
breeders are precisely what we require in 
order to ascertain the germinal constitution 
of individual plants, provided that each indi- 
vidual plant used as a parent is carefully 
identified for future reference and use. 


SELF STERILITY IN ORCHIDS. 


The question of selfing Orchids leads us to 


62 INOS, ONCISNUD)  \WVQIRILID). 


another poimt which may be of some interest. 
Records of the flowering of seedlings from 
selfed hybrids are exceedingly rare in 
Orchids. At one time the writer thought that 
this might be due, on the one hand, to the prac- 
tical prejudice against in-breeding, or, on the 
other hand, to the idea that nothing new 
might be expected from selfing. Now, how- 
ever, after attempting to self several hundreds 
of different flowers of Cypripedium and other 
hybrids during the past ten years, the writer 
has come to the conclusion that self-sterility 
in hybrid Orchids has to be reckoned with, 
being apparently the rule rather than the 
exception. For instance, since publishing my 
Mendetian experiments with Cypripedium 
Hera in 1903, I have from time to time 
endeavoured to self the individual F2 hybrids 
as they flowered, but in every case but one, 
when the pods formed, they afterwards proved 
to be empty. A few. seeds, however, were 
secured from one pod of selfed C. Hera 
punctatissimum and a single Fs plant has 
flowered which bred true to its spotted parent 
in so far as the spotted character was 
concerned. 

On the other hand, Mr. R. A. Rolfe has 
obtained a number of seedlings at Kew of 
selfed Epidendrum kewense, several of which 
have flowered, and other odd records are to 
be found during the past twenty years where 
selfed Orchid hybrids have produced plants 
which have floweréd. These cases, however, 
would appear to be exceptional. 

In 18098 the writer showed that sterility in 
hybrid Cypripediums was due in certain cases 
to a loss of power in the pollen of hybrids. 
For instance, species x species produced 95 
per cent. of fertile pods, while species x 
hybrids gave only 56 per cent. ; again, hybrids 
x species produced 8g per cent., while hybrids 
x hybrids gave only 59 per cent. It is pos- 
sible that the same cause may be concerned 
in the self sterility of Orchid hybrids 
generally, pus some other factor unknown. 

Whatever difficulties may be met with in 
selfing hybrid Orchids, no such difficulty is 
apparently encountered in selfing species and 
varieties. Ihave found no difficulty in raising 
seedlings of selfed species and varieties of 


[December, 1912. 


Cypripedium, and many records are to be 
found in this and in other genera in Orchid 
ilteracure. In view, however, of the great 
successes achieved by Orchid breeders in the 
hybridisation of diverse species and genera, 
it is hardly likely that selfing will be resorted 
to now to any great extent, either in species 
or hybrids. 

As we have seen, cross-breeding is a far 
more effective method of analysis than se fing, 
even from the point of view of genetics. The 
crux of the whole problem, however, lies in 
the identification of individual plants Unless 
Unfortu- 
nately, with a few brilliant exceptions, our 
multitudinous Orchid records and labels are 
almost useless for this purpose. Scme of 
these brilliant exceptions consist of certain 
unique hybrids to which their owners gave a 
distinctive name, proudly refusing to conform 
to the technical rutes laid down by the 
authorities in nomenclature (and by the irony 
of fate the writer happened to be one of the 
latter). Many of these names can be traced 
in the Orchid Stud Book as synonyms, and it 
is possible that the natural conservatism of 
Orchid breeders has caused them to retain 
many of these old names on their labels. If 
such 1s the case, the identification of some of 
our best stud individuals may not be so 
difficu’t after all. 

In most cases, however, the adoption of 
genetic methods will necessitate the making 
over again of the best hybrids, using as 
parents the best individuals of the best 
varieties of the best species of the best 
genera. The primary hybrids thus obtained 
would be pedigree hybrids, and the best indi- 
viduals of these might be further utilised in 
accordance with the particular aims that the 
breeder may have in view. In this way the 
Orchid breeder would be able to buiid up a 
pedigree strain made up of superior indi- 
viduals, and the reversions and recombina- 
tions that he would obtain among the 
secondary hybrids would also tend to be 
superior to those bred in the ordinary way. 

In breeding on these lines the Orchid 
breeder will soon discover for himself that 
while a few stud individuals are homozygous, 


this 1s done all the rest is vain. 


December, 1912. | TH ORCHID “WORLD: 63 


or pure, for the good qualities required, the 
majority will be heterozygous, or impure, for 
those particular characters. For stud pur- 
poses these heterozygous, or impure, forms 
should be discarded at once, no matter how 
good-looking they may be, and only the 
homozygous, or pure, forms should be used for 
future breeding. Shou'd the homozygous, or 
pure, forms not turn up quickly enough for 
his purpose, the breeder can always make 
them from the heterozygous, or impure, 
forms in the ordinary Mendelian way. In 
many cases no doubt this will be well worth 
doing. 

This rigorous elimination of the heterozy- 
gous plants that throw unwanted forms may 
sometimes require considerable courage on 
the part of the Orchid breeder, involving, as 
it does, the sacrifice of certain prejudices and 
prediections, especially when it comes to the 
point of discarding for stud purposes a much- 
prized plant that has, perhaps, won the classic 
ie@_ Crat the R-.S.. Phe Scienge of (Genetics 
tells us plainiy that things are not always 
what they seem, and a good-looking plant is 
not always a good plant to breed from. Only 
a few Derby winners are successful at the 
stud, everything depends on their germinal 
constitution. From the genetic point of view, 
it would be a far sounder proposition to use 
for breeding an individual Orchid that had 
bred an F.C.C. winner, than to use an actual 
winner of the F.C.C. that had no breeding 
record. 

The F.C.C. awarded by the Orchid Com- 
mittee of the R.HLS. is universally acknow- 
ledged to be the highest prize in the Orchid 
world, and winners of this prize may be 
regarded as ciassic Orchids. From the point 
of view of genetics, the individual parents of 
these classic winners deserve special recogni- 
tion as stud Orchids. 

A reference to the records shows that 
during the past three years 118 F.C.C.’s have 
been awarded by the Orchid Committee of 
the RAS. Of these F.C.C. winners 87 
appear to be hand-raised hybrids. Of the 174 
parents of these hybrids only 31 can be iden- 
tified from the records as individual plants, 
and it is quite possible that a few of these 


names even may be represented in collections 
by more than one seedling individual. 

May I venture to suggest that special 
groups made up of these stud Orchids and 
their progeny would provide an exhibit at 
the R.H.S. shows that would not only be 
interesting to Orchid growers generally, but 
would be particularly useful to Orchid 
breeders as a demonstration of the germinal 
constitution of these stud Orchids. Competi- 
tive classes might even be arranged for these 
progeny tests, to decide which individual 
Orchids are best for stud purposes. 

The result would be to create a special 
demand for high-priced stud Orchids that 
does not exist to-day. In view of the increas- 
ing numbers of Orchid growers all over the 
world, it 1s hardly likely that such a demand 
would be confined to the British Isles, and 
there 1s no reason why this country should 
not in the future provide the world with stud 
Orchids as it does to-day with thoroughbred 
horses and pedigree animals generally. 

So far we have dealt with the general 
application of the principles of genetics to 
Orchid breeding. It may be useful now to 
put the matter into a somewhat more concrete 
form by suggesting, briefly, a few special 
possibilities of the practical apptcation of 
genetics to Orchid breeding. 


THE BREEDING OF ALBINOS. 


The beauty and value of albino Orchids is 
generally recognised, and the Orchid breeder 
naturally wishes to raise new and improved 
forms by hybridisation. In other words, he 
wishes to vary the shape and size of the 
flower while retaining the chaste beauty of 
the true aibino. So far as we know, all 
albino Orchids breed true to albinism when 
selfed, but no remarkable improvement in 
shape, size and distinctness can be obtained 
in this way. On the other hand, as we have 
already seen, when differerit species of albinos 
are crossed they do not always breed true to 
albinism, but often give coloured forms which 
are not wanted by the Orchid breeder. 

The Science of Genetics has provided a 
reasonable explanation of these interesting 


64 _ THE 


results. Experiments are yet wanting to pro- 
vide breeders with a complete analysis of the 
germinal constitution of all the well-known 
albinos, and this cannot be satisfactorily 
accomplished until we can be quite certain as 
to the identification of individual albino 
plants, and, more important still, that the 
albinos concerned are true albinos. 

In working with albinos Orchid breeders 
must be careful to distinguish between true 
albinos and false albinos. True albinos have 
pure white flowers and green leaves without 
a trace of purple sap-coiour, though yellow 
plastids are usually present in the flowers. 
As we have seen, one or both of the colour 
factors C and R are absent in the germ-cells 
of these forms. On the other hand, false 
albinos, like Cypripedium insigne Sandere, 
C. Lawrenceanum Gratrixianum, Cattleya 
Mossia Reineckiana, and others, have a cer- 
tain amount of purple sap-colour in the 
flowers and leaves, and, consequently, are not 
true albinos, though for practical purposes 
they are usually called “ albinos,” and in many 
cases are quite as beautiful and as much 
sought after as the true albinos. In these 
false albinos both the colour factors C and R 
are present in the germ-cells, and conse- 
quently they give quite different results in 
breeding from the true albinos. These false 
albinos are really dilute coloured forms, and 
the fact that they usualiy behave as Men- 
delian recessives in breeding shows that their 
condition is due to the absence of a factor for 
dense or full coloration, which factor is 
present in the typical coloured form. 

The different kinds of dilution found in 
most species suggest that more than one 
factor 1s concerned in the typical dense form. 
This app'ication of genetics to Orchid breed- 
ing explains a good many apparent mysteries. 
For instance, it explains why the false albino 
Cypripedium insigne Sandere breeds true 
to its special dilute form or throws true 
albinos when selfed, and yet behaves as if it 
were an ordinary C. insigne when crossed 
with the true albinos C. Maudie, C. Law- 
renceanum Hyeanum and C. callosum San- 
dere. These true albinos arose originally by 
the loss of a colour factor (C), but the factor 


ORCHID WORLD: 


[December, 1912. 


for dense coloration (D) would still be 
present in those albinos though not mani- 
fested on account of the albinism. When 
this factor for dense coloration (D) is brought 
in by the cross it naturally causes the parent 
C. insigne Sandere to behave as if it were an 
ordinary C. insigne. 

If these so-called “reversionary” forms 
were to be self fertilised or crossed zu/er se, 
both the recessive dilute coloration (dd) and 
the albinism (cc) would appear in certain 
individuals. On the average the dilute forms 
would be expected to appear in three out of 
sixteen plants, and the albino forms in four 
out of sixteen plants. The recent cases 
reported in which the true albino Cypri- 
pedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum crossed 
with the false albino C. niveum gave typical 
coloured plants of C. Aphrodite, and in which 
the false albino C. niveum crossed with the 
false albino C. Lawrenceanum Gratrixianum 
gave the fa!se albino C. Antigone album are, 
of course, easily explained in the same way. 

(To be continued.) 


‘ 


BRUSSELS SHOW. 


At the recent Orchid Show held in the 
Salle de la Madeline, Brussels, Mons. F. 
Lambeau obtained a Gold Medal, value 
300 fr. for the best group of species and 
hybrids, and a Silver-gilt Medal for the best 
hybrid; Mons. Ch. Dietrich received a Gold 
Medal for the finest 100 Orchids, and a 
Diploma of Merit for the best smgle speci- 
men; Mons. Jules Hye de Crom was awarded 
a Silver-gilt Medal for some very fine 
Cattleya hybrids; Mons. Th. Pauwels and 
Co. obtained a Gold Medal for a large group 
of Orchids, and a similar prize for the best 
25 species; Messrs. Duchesne and Lanthoine 
received a Gold Medal for an extensive 
group; Messrs. Peeters and Sons were 
awarded a Gold Medal for a fine group of 
Cattleyas; Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. 
received a Silver-gilt Medal for an iiteresting 
group; Mons. Ch. Maron was awarded a 
Silver-gilt Medal for the best group of 20 
plants, and a similar award for a collection of 
white Cattleyas. 


December, 1912. | 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 65 


CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER. 
By J. T. BARKER, The West Hill Gardens, Hessle, E. Yorks. 


of light is indispensable to their well- 

being. We have now arrived at that 
season of the year when the least amount is 
available, and, therefore, it becomes necessary 
to utilise to the best advantage all that we 
get. Those who have the good fortune to be 
located in a pure country district, far away 
from any large manufacturing town, have a 
decided advantage over those who are placed 
in close contact with such places. 

Daylight being of very short duration at 
the present time, and in smoky districts a 
very scarce commodity, it is necessary to 
keep the roof glass of the houses clean, in 
order to get all the light available. The 
temperatures of all the divisions should now 
reach their lowest point, and every induce- 
ment should be given the plants to rest; 
much harm may accrue from either too much 
or too little heat. The temperatures given in 
the January calendar should be strictly 
adhered to, with but little variation. 

Watering and ventilation. The remarks 
made last month regarding these two essen- 
tials should have every care and attention ; it 
is obvious that if these conditions are not 
satisfactory the plants must suffer and begin 
to go on a downward grade. These two 
details of cultivation cannot have too much 
thought and attention bestowed upon them 
during the dull days of winter. 

This is the season of the year when drip 
may do irreparable harm, therefore, every 
care should be taken to prevent its occurrence. 
In spite of drip proof bars and other con- 
trivances drip will sometimes occur from 
condensed moisture, and when least expected, 
When this takes place the plants should be at 
once removed to a place of safety. 

Cymbidiums. Several members of this 
genus, such as C. giganteum, C. Tracyanum, 
C. Mastersi, and C. Winnianum are most 
useful Orchids, flowering as they do during 
the shortest days of the year when flowers of 
any description are valuable. Some of them 
are already in bloom, while others are fast 


| N the cultivation of Orchids an abundance 


developing their spikes, and as these last a 
considerable time, either on the plants or in 
a cut state, they are worthy of all care. 
Plants of the late winter and spring-flowering 
kinds have mostly completed their season’s 
growth, and are now pushing flower spikes. 
The amount of root moisture needed by 
Cymbidiums at this season will not be so 
great as hitherto, water being supplied only 
when the compost becomes dry. Those who 
are fortunate in having plants of C. grandi- 
florum (Hookerianum) pushing up flower 
spikes should take every care in the applica- 
tion of water to the roots, for if the compost 
is too wet the buds will turn black and fall off. 
This plant is best kept on the dry side whilst 
its flower spikes are developing. 

Cypripediums. Members of this genus 
belonging to the cooler section are amongst 
the most important of the beautiful Orchids 
flowering at this season of the year. The 
ease with which these Cypripediums may be 
grown and the quantities of bloom that 
healthy plants will produce make them 
desirable subjects wherever indoor gardening 
is attempted. The flowers possess great 
lasting properties either in a cut state or upon 
the plants, and for decorative purposes the 
flowers are invaluable. They also have the 
good quality of withstanding fogs, which 
damage almost all kinds of flowers. 

The love of Cypripediums is undoubtedly 
an educated taste. The more one sees of 
them the more fascinated does one become. 
The plants are always in growth, and on 
account of being without pseudo-bulbs abso- 
lute dryness of the compost for any length of 
time is injurious. At the present season the 
minimum amount of moisture at the roots is 
required, and when the plants have developed 
their flowers the compost may be allowed to 
become comparatively dry before affording 
water. A moist atmosphere must at all times 
be maintained, but a saturated one with a low 
temperature should be avoided or the flowers 
will become spotted and spoilt. Cypripediums 
in flower are most effective when grouped by 


66 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


themselves and not placed amongst other 
Orchids in bloom. 

Cattleyas and allied subjects. Not many 
species of these beautiful plants are in flower 
at this season of the year. With Leelio- 
Cattleyas, however, things are different, and 
it is now possible to make a display of bloom 
all through the winter, a condition regarded 
as impossible only a few years back. Ali 
these plants, together with their allies, should 
be afforded a light position in the Cattleya 
house, and, after flowering, should be kept on 
the dry side until growth recommences. The 
plants may be repotted whenever they are 
seen to be pushing new roots, using a 
compost as previously advised. Cattleya 
Percivaliana and C. Triane whilst pushing 
up their flower spikes must have water when- 
ever they become dry. Every imducement 
should be given them by placing the plants 
in the lightest position possible. 

Plants of Cattleya Warner starting into 
growth should also enjoy the lightest and 
warmest position and remain there until the 
flowers open. These remarks apply also to 
C. Warner alba, the white hybrids derived 
from this species, such as Mrs. Myra Peeters, 
C. intertexta alba and C. Mulleri. Repotting 
should be done after the flowers fade for at 
that time numerous young roots push out 
from the base of the newly made pseudo- 
bulbs. 

Phalaenopsis. During the winter months 
there are few Orchids more difficult to 
manage, for owing to their succulent leaves, 
which are very susceptible to injury, and 
having no pseudo-bulbs to store up nourish- 
ment, watchfulness on the part of the grower 
is very necessary. If the leaves are properly 
consolidated the plants should be able to 
withstand the dryness at the roots and of the 
atmosphere which is necessary to carry them 
safely through the winter. Specimens having 
soft ill-matured foliage should not be sub- 
jected to the same treatment as those that are 
properly ripened, they should be kept in a 
warm temperature until the leaves are fully 
developed. Well matured plants should 
receive during the winter a minimum _ tem- 
perature of 58 to 60 degrees, but no harm will 


[December, 1912. 


accrue if a fall of a few degrees occurs 
temporarily during extremely cold nights. 
The plants should receive all the lght 
possible without being placed too near the 
glass, a necessary precaution for the leaves 
are very susceptible to a sudden chill. Every 
care 1s necessary in affording water to the 
roots ; only sufficient is required to keep the 
leaves plump and firm. Plants should never 
be allowed to suffer from excessive dryness 
during the winter months, for when growth 
commences in spring many of the leaves will 
be lost. Care is also necessary to guard 
against the other extreme, for an excess of 
moisture will cause damping and spotting of 
the folage. If the house cannot entirely be 
devoted to their culture the next best means 
is to group the plants together in a house 
answering their requirements. 

Vanda teres and V. Hookeriana. These 
beautiful Vandas require treatment different 
from others of their family. The sealing over 
of the points of the roots 1s a sign that growth 
is completed. These Orchids require a long 
season of rest when water should be afforded 
in only sufficient quantities to prevent 
shrivelling. The temperature of an inter- 
mediate house, such as the mayjority of 
Cattleyas enjoy, will answer their require- 
ments at this season much better than a house 
with a warmer temperature. Vanda Amesiana, 
V. Watsonu, and V. Kimballiana are now 
pushing up their flower spikes, and as winter 
flowering subjects are very useful and beau- 
tiful. The plants, as soon as the flowers are 
over, pass through a brief period of rest, little 
water will be required, but the plants must 
not be allowed to shrivel, for this miscalled 
resting system is most harmful. Vandas of 
the tricolor section are fast growing and 
should be well supplied with water. Any 
recently repotted plants should have their 
flower spikes removed. Keep their surround- 
ings always moist, and, if possible, conduct 
any aerial roots into the compost. The plants 
enjoy a circulation of fresh air at all times. 

Miltonia vexillaria and its hybrids. These 
delightful Orchids, now in full growth, should 
be in a light position in the intermediate 
house. Care should be taken that the supply 


December, 1912. | THE 


of water is not too liberal or the tips of the 
leaves may turn black, a condition not only 
unsightly but detrimental to the health of the 
plant. The young growths should be 
periodically examined and any leaves which 
are adhering to each other should be care- 
fully liberated. It will be found good 
practice to remove any leaves at the base of 
the plant which are preventing the young 
roots from entering the compost. Woodlice 
often do considerable damage by eating the 


ORCHID WORLD. 67 


young roots of these plants; these insects 
must be destroyed whenever they can be 
seen. 

Odontoglossums which are now sending up 
their flower spikes should be constantly 
examined for thrip. The old method of 
wrapping a piece of cottonwool around the 
spikes may be practised, although I do not 
believe much in its effectiveness in pre- 
venting insects from spoiling these valuable 
spikes. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 


AUTUMN ORCHID SHOW, 

Nov. 5th and 6th, 1912. 
THE very grand exhibit of Orchids shown by 
Lieut-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), 
deservedly received Gold and Silver-gilt 
Lindley Medals. The gorgeous Cattleyas 
covered over 300 square feet, and embraced 
most of the finest autumn-flowering hybrids ; 
the Fabias, numbering 55 plants, bearing a 
total of 260 flowers. Of the albino forms of 
C. labiata no less than 38 white flowers were 
to be seen on the various specimens; C. 
labiata Gilmourie being specially good. 
More than 20 distinct Cattleya hybrids, a 
similar number of Lelio-Cattleyas, and 
various Brassavola hybrids were contained in 
this truly marvellous exhibit. With such high 
culture were all the specimens shown that it 
is difficult to individualise, but the tollowing 
must be mentioned :—Cattleya Dowiana 
Rosita; CC. Dusseldorfer Undine with 16 
flowers; Lealio-Cattleya Golden Fleece, of 
wonderful colour; L.-C. Neleus, of distinct 
yellow hue; and L.-C. Amber, of unknown 
parentage. 

Sir George Holford also received Gold and 
Silver-gilt Medals for a superb exhibit of 
Vanda ccerulea covering an area of 130 
square feet, and containing 45 plants carrying 
more than 70 spikes of flower. A very 
beautiful effect was produced by allowing the 
bright blue flowers of the Vandas to hang 
gracefully over numerous sprays of the 
golden Oncidium varicosum, 


The Davidson Silver Cup was awarded to 
Sir George Holford for an excellent exhibit 
of Cypripediums, the whole covering a space 
of 130 square feet. Most of the fine varieties 
for which the Westonbirt collection is cele- 
brated were shown on this occasion, the high 
state of culture being a notable feature. 

G. F. Moore, Esq., Bourton-on-the-Water, 
received a Gold Medal for an exceedingly 
attractive group of Dendrobium Phalaenopsis 
Schréderianum, the most distinct varieties 
being the pure-white hololeuca and _ the 
pinkish tinted Miss Louisa Deane. At 
the back were various autumn-flowering 
Oncidiums, and in the front numerous 
Cypripediums, Cattleyas and their hybrids, 
Brassavola crosses, and various other Orchids, 
the whole forming a most beautiful and 
attractive exhibit. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. Day), was awarded a Silver Cup for an 
extensive group containing a fine selection of 
autumn-flowering hybrids and excellent varie- 
ties of the well-known species, Cattleya Mrs. 
Pitt “Goodson’s variety ” and a large number 
of the bright-yellow Cypripediums, insigne 
Sandere being specially noteworthy. Sophro- 
Cattleyas and Sophro-Lelias were also shown 
in variety. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
received a Large Silver Cup for a praise- 
worthy exhibit of the distinct Cattleya Portia 
ccerulea, Wanda ccerulea, various Lelio- 
Cattleyas, the elegant Odontioda Bradshawie 
Gattoniensis, Cypripediums and other species 


68 THE ORCHID WORKED? 


in great variety, and several elegant forms of 
Cattleya Fabia. 

The same exhibitor also received a Silver 
Cup for a very interesting exhibit of Botani- 
cal Orchids. These included Bulbophyllum 
mirum, B. lemniscatum, Coelogynes, Masde- 
vallias, Restrepias, and the pretty Epidendrum 
nocturnum. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, Scuth 
Woodford, obtained a Silver-gilt Flora Medal 
for a triangular group of Cypripediums, 
including Sandere, Glebelands, and Mrs. 
Alfred Fowler; various forms of Cattleyas, 
the rare Odontoglossum vexativum, a good 
selection of bright yellow Oncidiums, and 
several albinos of high merit. 

E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge 
Wells, was awarded a Silver Cup for a 
group of exceedingly well-grown specimens. 
Included in it were Lelio-Cattleya Can- 
hamiana, L.-C. luminosa, Cattleya Oberon, 
with distinctly coloured petals, and C. labiata 
var. James Lowther, a beautiful albino form 
with a slight blush tint on the labellum. 

F. du Cane Godman, Esq., South Lodge, 
Horsham (gr. Mr. G. Giles), obtained a Silver 
Flora Medal for an attractive exhibit, in which 
we noticed many well-flowered specimens of 
the pretty Oncidium cheirophorum, the rare 
O. ornithorhynchum album, Pleione lagenaria, 
several good Fabias, the richly coloured 
Lelho-Cattleya Godmanii, and 
Cypripediums. 

W. H. St. Quintin, Esq., Scampston Hall, 
Rillington, Yorks (gr. Mr. Puddle), exhibited 
Lelho-Cattleya Scampstonensis (C. aurea x 
L.-C. La France), a large plant carrying 
medium-sized flowers with brownish-red 
sepals and petals and a broad magenta-purple 
labellum with yellow discs in the centre. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, obtained a Gold Medal for one of the 
finest groups, the centre being composed of 
numerous plants of the orange-scarlet Epiden- 
drum vitellinum autumnale, while the sides 
were made up of selections of the best 
autumn-flowering hybrids. Special plants 
included Cattleya Rhoda The Jewel, C. Venus 
var. Princess, and Leelio-Cattleya Orion var. 


Othello. 


various 


[December, 1912. 


Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Gold Medal for an extensive group 
containing many interesting species and 
hybrids, the best being Odontoglossum Nep- 
tune (crispum x nebulosum), the pure white 
Cattleya Mulleri, Odontioda Graireana, and 
Cattleya Fabia Her Majesty, a very beautiful 
form with white sepals and petals and a 
coloured lip. 

Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, 
Yorks, secured a large Silver Cup for a very 
well arranged exhibit. The Cattleya hybrids 
and the rare botanical species attracting con- 
siderable attention. Mention must be made 
of Sophro-Cattleya Marriottiana, Cattleya 
labiata alba, Odontioda Cupid, the curious 
Dendrobium Ccelogyne, and a_ specimen 
Dendrochilum Cobbianum. 

Messrs. ]. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
obtained a Siiver-gilt Flora Medal for a very 
effective group of Lelio-Cattleyas, Dendro- 
bium Phalenopsis, the elegant D. formosum, 
and interesting Cattleyas. In the special 
class for Cypripediums this firm staged 
numerous specimens of insigne Sandere and 
other well known and excellent hybrids, a 
Silver Cup being awarded. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, were awarded a Gold Medal for a group 
not exceeding 150 square feet. The excellent 
method of arrangement showed the numerous 
specimens to great advantage. One of the 
brightest forms of labiata was seen in the 
variety Mrs. G. B. Wilson, and the Vandas, 
Oncidiums, and well-flowered specimens of 
Dendrobium formosum were considerably 
praised. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
secured a Silver Cup for an extensive display 
of beautiful Orchids. Mention must be made 
of Vanda Sanderiana, particularly well- 
flowered, the new Cattleya Fabiata, a selec- 
tion of C. Fabia comprising some of the 
richest varieties yet seen, C. aurensis, 
numerous specimens of Cypripedium insigne 
Sander, Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldu, and 
the new Cymbidium Doris. 

Messrs. Jas. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a pretty 
group of Calanthes, various Brassavola and 


December, 1912. | 


Cattleya hybrids, and the extremely beautiful 
Odontoglossum Aurora. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards 
Heath, obtained a Silver Flora Medal for a 
small group of rare Orchids. Included in it 
were Cattleya labiata The President, C. 1. 
“W. R. Lee” with 8 flowers, C. Thayeriana 
“Low's variety,” Odontoglossum aureum 
“Wigan's variety,’ and some _ excellent 
Cypripediums. 

Mr. Sidney Flory, Amyand Park Nursery, 
Twickenham, received a Siver Banksian 
Medal for a group containing many good 
specimens of Cypripediums, Cattleyas, and 
Odontoglossums. Cymbidium Tracyanum, a 
erand plant, obtained a Silver Banksian 
Medal for the best single specimen. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, 
Wandsworth Common, secured a Silver Bank- 
sian Medal for a well-arranged group of 
Odontoglossum Edwardiu hybrids, various 
Cattleyas, and other useful Orchids. 

Mr. G. W. Miller received a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a group of Cypripediums. 

Mr. Treseder received a Bronze Banksian 
Medal for a small group of various Orchids. 

C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevencaks, 
exhibited Cattleya labiata “ Glebe variety,” a 
fine plant with a spike of three very large 
white flowers having a slight suspicion of 
colour on the lip. Also C. Fabia “Glebe 
variety,’ a large flower, but somewhat 
wanting in colour. 

de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks, sent Odontioda Bella of excellent 
colour, and Odontoglossum Thompsonianum 
with broad segments and richly coloured 

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hess‘e, Yorks, 
exhibited Cypripedium Bolton magnificum, 
a well-grown plant; and Cyp. Aphrodite, a 
very fine flower with a large flat dorsal 
elegantly veined with purple. 

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart, K.C.V.O., 
Burford, showed Cattleya Venus “ Burford 
variety,” a bright orange-yeliow flower with a 
reddish lip veined with gold. 

Mrs. Norman Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam, 
received a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal for the 
best exhibit of three specimen Orchids. 
These were Odontioda Bradshawize“Cookson’s 


THE -ORCHID 


WORLD. 69 


variety,’ Calanthe Angela, and the large 
white C. Cooksonie. 


ORCHID COMMITTEE. 


Present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the 
chair), Messrs. Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. 
Bolton, W. Waters Butler, W. Cobb, R. G. 
Thwaites, de B. Crawshay, G. F. Moore, J. S. 
Moss, R. Brooman-White, H. J. Chapman, W. 
He Winte, A. Dye, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, 
ijeiCyprer, J2-Charlesworth, C. H. Curtis, 
Gurney Wilson, F. M. Ogilvie, F. Sander, A. 
McBean, T. Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, R. A. 
Rolfe, Stuart Low, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Vanda coerulea “Lady Holford,’ from 
Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O. (gr. 
Mr. H. G. Alexander)—A magnificent plant 
and variety, carrying two spikes, one with 20 
and the other with 18 large flowers. 

Cattleya Peetersu “Westonbirt variety ” 
(labiata alba x MHardyana alba), from Sir 
George Holford.—The large flowers of clear 
white with a ruby-purple lip veined with gold 
at the base. 

Odontogiossum Aurora (Lambeauiana x 
Rossu rubescens), from Messrs. Jas. Veitch 
and Sons, Chelsea-—The richest coloured of 
all the Rossu hybrids, the deep purple flowers 
being handsomely spotted with dark reddish- 
purple. 

Odontioda Bradshawie gattoniensis (O. 
crispum x C. Noezliana), from Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart.—A particularly well developed 
flower of deep scarlet-red, and of large 
SIZe. 

Cattleya Rhoda The Jewel (Iris x Hardy- 
ana), from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.— 
A large orange-yellow flower with a cherry- 
red lip having bright yellow discs en the side 
lobes. 

Cattleya Orion var. Othello, from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—Flowers of very dark 
reddish-claret with maroon lip veined with 


gold. 


70 THE ORCHID 


Cattleya Fabia gloriosa, from Lieut.-Col. 
Sir George Holford——One of the darkest 
forms of this popular hybrid. 

Cattleya Fabia “Sunset,” from Lieut.-Col. 
Sir George Holford—A very distinct flower, 
the colouring being particularly soft and of 
varying sunset hues. 

Cattleya Hardyana “ La Perle,” from Lieut.- 
Col. Sir George Holford—Flowers large, 
sepals and petals pure white, labellum rich 
purple, but having very large areas of light 
yellow on the side lobes. 

Cattleya Venus var. Princess, from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—A very distinct variety 
with flowers of a peculiar greenish-yellow 
hue, the labellum marked with dark crimson- 
purple. 

Cattleya Oberon (Fabia x Hardyana), from 
E. R. Ashton, Esq., Tunbridge Wells-——A 
very pretty hybrid with the peta's marbled 
over their outside area with purple ; lip bright 
purple with the flat part of golden hue. 

Cypripedium Muriel (Euryades x Cynthia), 
from Sir George Holford—A grand hybrid 
of the Euryades section, but somewhat larger 
and thicker set. 

Cypripedium Glebelands (Lathamianum x 
insigne Chantinu), from J. Gurney Fowler, 
Esq.—A large flower with the upper half of 
the broad dorsal white, the lower half hand- 
somely spotted. 

Brasso-Cattleya Mdm. Jules Hye “ Ashton’s 
variety,” from E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, 
Tunbridge Wells.—The well-developed lip of 
this hybrid is deeply fringed and of a light 
greenish tint, sepals and petals pinkish-mauve. 

Lelio-Cattleya Walter Gott, from Messrs. 
Sander and Sons.—The finest form of this 
hybrid. Flowers large, of good shape, rosy- 
crimson in colour. 

Odontoglossum eximium “ McBean's 
variety,” from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, 
Cooksbridge.—A very beautiful and perfectly- 
formed flower, the segments blotched with 
dull purple, lp slightly pandurate at the 
apex. 

Lelhio-Cattleya Golden Fleece, from Sir 
George Holford--The segments of this 
hybrid are somewhat narrow, but the golden- 
yellow colour is magnificent. 


WORLD. [December, 1912. 


November roth, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), and Messrs. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, R. A. 
Rolfe, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, 
Sander, A. McBean, C. H. Curtis, J. Charles- 
worth, J: Cypher, W.-H. Hatcher, J Stall} 
W. P. Bound, W. H. White, C. J. Lucas, W. 
Bolton, R. Brooman-White, de B. Crawshay, 
and T. Armstrong. 

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, 
Blenheim Palace, was awarded a Gold Medal 
and a Silver Lindley Medal for a magnificent 
group of Vanda ccerulea, staged in excellent 
style. The numerous plants had all been 
grown from small imported pieces and the 
leaves were comparatively free from blemish. 
Many of the varieties were of a rich blue 
colour, and gave ample proof that the cultural 
details were correctly carried out. The fore- 
ground was effectively filled with various 
albino Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, received a Silver Flora Medal for an 
extensive group of choice species and hybrids. 
Notable plants included an elegant hybrid 
between Cattleya labiata and C. Luedde- 
manniana, several richly coloured C. Fabras, 
C. labiata alba, the useful Dendrobium 
formosum, and the pretty Epidendrum 
xanthinum, 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a small group of select plants, including 
Odontioda Constance (Od. Clytie x Odon- 
tioda Bradshawie), a crimson-purple blotched 
flower; the new Oncidioda Majorie (C. 
Noezhana x Oncidium Forbes), of reddish- 
buff colour with the apex of the lip very 
broad and of yellowish-buff colour ; Oncidium 
hybridum (tigrinum x lameiligerum) with 
chrome yellow lip, the sepals and _ petals 
almost covered with brown blotches; and 
several excellent Cypripediums. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
attractive group of Cypripediums, the best 
including Corona, Charlesianum, Leander, 
and varieties of insigne. 


Messrs. Sander arid Sons, St. Albans, 


December, 1912. | aE: 


staged some very fine examples of rare 
species and handsome hybrids. Coelogyne 
brunnea, Oncidium  bicallosum, and_ the 


curious Cirrhopetalum Meduse were 
especially noteworthy. 
Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, 


obtained a Silver Ranksian Medal for a good 
group, including Leelio-Cattleya Priam, the 
new and interesting Odontoglossum Anaphe 
(Uro-Skinneri x crispum), and several excel- 
lent Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Swan and Price, Keyfieid Nursery, 
St. Albans, were awarded a Bronze Banksian 
Medal for an interesting exhibit of Cypri- 
pediums, the varieties of tsigne, Queen 
Alexandra, and others showing to con- 
siderable advantage. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, staged 
the curious Angraecum infundibulare, a strong 
growing specimen of Dendrobium Ccelogyne, 
several good Cypripediums and some hand- 
some blotched Odontoglossum hybrids. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O. 
(gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), exhibited Leelio- 
Cattleya Neleus (fris x Ophir), somewhat 
resembling the former parent in form and 
colour. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. G. Day), staged Odontoglossum amabile 
“Rosetta,” Cattleya Iris “King George V.,” 
one of the finest forms of this hybrid, and 
Sophrocattlelia Olive “Fairlawn var.,” of 
excellent shape and colour. 

Sit eirever Wawrence, “Bart. K.C.V.O, 
showed Lzelio-Cattleya Adolph-Iris, a very 
pretty flower effectively marked with crimson. 

Mr. E. H. Davidson, Orchid Dene, Twy- 
ford, staged a large flowered Odontoglcssum 
of the amabile type, and Cattleya labiata 
“Helene” with pure white sepals and petals 
and the lip coloured. 

Lady Theodora Guesh, Inwood, Temple- 
combe, showed a good variety of Cattleya 
Neptune (labiata x Schilleriana). 

F. Arnold Hindley, Esq. Great Horton, 
Bradford, showed Cypripedium  Hassallu 
“Hindley’s var.” a large flower with dark 
rose flushed dorsal. 

Coe js kucas,, Hse. ~ Warnham - Court, 
exhibited Cypripedium Harlequin, — with 


ORCHID WORLD. 7 


71 


curious coloration, and also Lelio-Cattleya 
Muriel. 

W. Thom, Esq., Athol House, Blackburn, 
staged Cypripedium Bulgar (Parkerianum x 
insigne Harefield Hall). 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
exhibited Lealio-Cattleya Autodoin (L. 
autumnalis x C. Octave Doin), with a large 
rose-purple flower having an extensive yellow 
area in the throat. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Lelio-Cattleya Bella “Orchid Dene var.,” 
from Mr. E. H. Davidson, Twyford-—A mag- 
mificent flower with an immense lip of rich 
crimson-purple. One of the finest forms of 
this well-known hybrid between C. labiata 
and L. purpurata. 

Cypripedium Elatior “ Shrubbery var.,” from 
F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford. 
——A very elegant and richly coloured hybrid. 
The broad segments are well displayed, and 
with the unusual bright purple colour, make 
it the best of its class. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lzelio-Cattleya Scylla (Cappei x Lord 
Rothschiid), from F. M. Ogilvie, Esq.—With 
five reddish-orange flowers on a spike this 
hybrid is extremely beautiful, and makes a 
pleasing change from the numerous flowers of 
the purple-coloured type. 

Cypripedium Latona (Niobe x Alcibiades), 
from Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford— 
Although somewhat a small plant the flower 
is large, with a broad, white dorsal, green at 
the base, and spotted with purple-brown 


The following was omitted from our report 
of the meeting on October 22nd, 1912 :— 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano-Mossie “The 
Dell var.,” from Baron Bruno Schréder.—A 
very large form with broad segments and 
well-developed fringed lip. White, with 
primrose-yellow disc to the lip. 


“I 
dS 


DHE VOR CHILD WOE ID: 


[December, 1912. 


MANCHESTER. ORCHID, S@CGink 


October 17th, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J. 
Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. J. 
Bamber, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, 
Dr. Hartley, W. Holmes, J. Lupton. D. 
McLeod, H. Morgan, C: Parker, Hy Whorp; 
Z. A. Ward, A. Warburton, and H. Arthur. 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
A. Warburton, Esq.; a Silver-gilt Medal to 
Mrs. A. K. Wood; a Large Silver Medal to 
Z. A. Ward, Esq., R. Ashworth= Esq, ‘Col J: 
Rutherford, J. McCartney, Esq., Messrs. J. 
Cypher and Sons, Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co.; Silver Medals to Rev. J. Crombleholme, 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, and Mr. J. Evans. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Adula “Marlfield variety,” a large 
flower with bronzy segments ; Cattleya labiata 
Mdm. le Doux, sepals and petals pure white ; 
Cattleya Mrs. Pitt “Charlesworth’s variety,” 
one of the finest forms seen. All the above 
from R. le Doux, Esq. 

Cattleya Enid “Ward's variety,” a large 
well-set flower, from Z. A. Ward, Esq. 

Cypripedium Our Queen (Leeanum x 
Stevensi), from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Cattleya labiata “Queen of Spain,” white 
sepals and petals; Cattleya Enid “Orchid 
Dene variety”; Brasso-Cattleya heatonense 
var. virginale; Leelio-Cattleya Colmaniana 
“Orchid Dene variety.” All from Mr. E. F. 


Davidson. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum scintillans (Rossu x Wilck- 
eanum), from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Cattleya Portia magnifica, from Mr. E. F. 
Davidson. 

November 7th, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, 
Dr. Hartley, W. Holmes, A. J. Keeling, 
J. (Lupton, .D. Mcleod) (Ee Witfterp, 322s 
Ward, A. Warburton, and H. Arthur. 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to A. 


Warburton, Esq.; Large Silver Medals to 
Z. A. Ward, Esq., and Messrs Sander and 
Sons; Silver Medals to Col. J. Rutherford, 
M.P., Rev. J. Crombleholme, J. McCartney, 
Esq., Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Scns, and 
Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons; A Special Vote 
of Thanks to O. O. Wrigley, Esq. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Iris “ Ashworth’s var.,” from R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cypripedium Jasper (Alcibiades x Hit- 
chense), from Z. A. Ward, Esq. 

Cypripedium Hassallii “Hindley’s  var.,” 
(Charlesworthii x bingleyense), from F. A. 
Hindley, Esq. 

AWARD OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum crispum “ Arthur,” from 
Z. A. Ward, Esq. 

November 14th, 1912. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Cromblenolme (in the chair), R. Ashwerth, 
J. Cypher, J. Evans, W. Holmes, J. Lupton, 
C: Parker, H. Thorp, Z Ay Ward) amcaieds 
Arthur (Secretary). 

Gold Medals were awarded to W. R. Lee, 
E'sq., Col. J. Rutherford, M-P., and Messrs. 
J. Cypher and Sons; Silver-gilt Medals to 
Mrs. A. K. Wood, A. Warburton, Esq., and 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.; Large Silver 
Medal to R. Ashworth, Esq.; Silver Medals 
to Rev. J. Crombleholme and J. McCartney, 
Esq. 

AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cattleya labiata “ Cyme,” pure white sepals 
and petals, from Col. J. Rutherford. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya labiata “Vestalis,” Cyp. Acteeus 
“Ashlandense No. 2,’ and Cyp. imsigne 
Rossendale (Sandere x Laura Kimball), all 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 


To Mr. Gilden for Cattleya Portia, and to 
Mr. Gould for Vanda ccerulea. 


O 
Ces 


'?*—  —— - ~ oe 
"eeeeseqee® 


yy 


JANUARY, 1913. 


—er nan oonoon ee 


MO TiS’. 


ST. PETERSBURG EXHIBITION. — On 
account of the Ghent Show, which takes 
place next April, the International Exhibition 
arranged to be held at St. Petersburg in 
April, 1913, has been postponed until 1914. 


&S 


Cont elt ; 
gy YW & 


AUTUMN ORCHID SHOW.—Orchidists will 
be glad to know that the Council of the 
Royal Horticultural Society has decided to 
make this show an annual event. Pre- 
liminary plans of an even better and more 
artistic style of stage arrangement have 
already been discussed by prominent officials. 


IRREGULAR CYPRIPEDIUM—An _inter- 
esting case of irregular peloria has recently 
appeared in the collection of Edward Roberts, 
Esq., Park Lodge, Eltham. The specimen, 
Cypripedium conco-callosum, has the two 
lateral petals transformed into labellums 
similar in shape and colour to that usually 
assumed by the median petal, thus closely 
resembling the homologous and well-known 
Cyp. insigne Oddity. The term peloria is 
applied to cases in which the flower becomes 
regular by the labellum assuming the shape 
of the petals, as in Cyp. caudatum Lindenii 
(Uropedium Lindenii), but when the flower 
becomes regular by the increase of the 
irregular portions, as in three-lipped speci- 
mens, the term irregular peloria is used. 


VOL. WI, 


ORCHID SPORT.—An interesting event has 
occurred in the Orchid houses of Mrs. William 
S. Kimball, of Rochester, N.Y., U.S.A. The 
particulars, which have been sent to Sir 
Harry J. Veitch by Mr. Colin B. Ogston, are 
as follows:—The Baby Sport, as we call it, 
appeared from the root of a Cypripedium 
Harrisianum, a very large and dark flowered 
variety. The babe is a perfect miniature 
plant, very compact, and a most remarkable 
grower. The colour is greenish-yellow over- 
laid by very light brown. Considering the 
smallness of the plant, the flower is large, 
very flat, and never looks thin. The plant is 
now two years old, has nine growths, and 
three fully expanded flowers. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM BRONZE DRAGON.— 
From the well-known collection of Richard 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, Manchester, 
comes a flower of the very remarkable and 
beautiful Od. Bronze Dragon, which received 
a First-class Certificate when exhibited by 
J.. J. Holden, Esgq.,-of Southport, at the 
Manchester Orchid Society, November 30th, 
1911. Nearly four inches in width, this noble 
example of the hybridist’s art is almost 
covered with rich rose-purple colour, the 
uncovered portions being the tips of the 
sepals and petals, as often seen in Harryanum 
crosses, and the broad apex of the labellum 
which is pure white. 


74 THE 


C@LOGYNE BARBATA.— This useful winter- 
flowering species has recently been seen in 
fine form in the collection of Pantia Ralli, 
Esq. Ashstead Park, Surrey. The coria- 
ceous leaves are about fifteen inches in 
length. The flower scapes are erect, pro- 
ducing a raceme of several flowers, which open 
in succession, the individual blossoms being 
from two to three inches across. The sepals 
and petals are pure white, the lip is distinctly 
bearded round the margin with a fringe of 
sepia-coloured hairs, and has three shaggy 
crests. Dr. Lindley regarded this species as 
one of the finest of the genus. 


Rhynchostylis retusa alba. 


RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA ALBA.— The 
above illustration is from a photograph of this 
great rarity flowering in the extensive collec- 
tion of Gust. H. Miiller-Abeken, Esq., The 
Hague, Holland. This species is better 
known in gardens under the name Sacco- 
labium guttatum, and is widely distributed 
from India to Java. The albino form differs 
from the type by being without the violet- 


ORCHID WORLD. 


[January, 1913. 


purple markings on the sepals and petals and 
the purple colour on the hip. 


ene tay, ORS 
wy YY xy 


ALBINISM IN ORCHIDS.—A further proof 
of the interesting theory that white Orchids 
may be produced by the combinaticn of the 
three primary colours, red, blue, and yellow, 
was given by Mr. Richd. G. Thwaites at the 
Scientific Committee Meeting of the Royal 
Horticultural Society, December 3rd, 1912, 
when he exhibited Lzlio-Cattleya Osiris, a 
new hybrid produced by crossing L. pumila 
with L.-C. Ophir (xanthina x aurea). The 
sepals were creamy-white and nad _ that 
curious greenish tinge which, in the opening 
flower, invariably denotes a subsequent state 
of pure whiteness. The petals, in a general 
way, would be described as white, but they 
had a shght suffusion of rose-purple pigment 
along their central area. The labellum was 
marked with slight purple lines and a 
suffusion of dull purple on the front lobe. 
The pumila flower carried the combined red 
and blue, while the Ophir contained the 
yellow, and although these colours have 
united in forming a white flower, they have 
not done it in so perfect a manner as to 
produce pure white in every segment of the 
flower. However, the strong effort made by 
the plant to produce a perfect albino is clear 
evidence that much may be expected in the 
near future regarding this novel method of 
producing albino Orchids. The Scientific 
Committee considered the matter one cf 
considerable interest and wished to be 
informed of further results. 


CATTLEYA BALLANTINIANA. — This un- 
common and little-known hybrid between 
C. Triane and C. Warscewiczii was originally 
raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons, who 
named it in honour of Mr. Ballantine, Orchid 
grower to Baron Schroder, in whose coilecticn 
it flowered for the first time in February, 
1889. The increasing difficulty experienced 
in making new primary hybrids has induced 
raisers to reproduce the earlier known ones 


January, igr3.| THE ORCHID WORLD. 


by the use of finer parents, and albino forms 
readily introduce themselves for this purpose. 
It is worthy of note that Mr. James H. Hill, 
Haywards Heath, has recently flowered C. 
Ballantiniana alba, a distinct variety raised 
from C. Triane alba and C. Warscewiczil 
“Frau Melanie Beyrodt.” The flowers some- 
what resemble C. Maggie Raphael alba 
(Triane albens x aurea), but differ from this 
in having snow-white sepals and petals and 
a light purple lip, clearly showing on the side 
lobes the two yellow discs characteristic of 
C. Warscewiczi. 


RUSSIAN ORCHID SOCIETY.—A_ Society 
of Orchid Amateurs has been officially 
inaugurated in Moscow. This, the first 
society of its kind in Russia, already consists 
ef twenty members, all real amateurs. The 
meetings will take place monthly, the pro- 
gramme being extensive and similar to that 
of other Orchid Societies. Dr. Jean Troya- 
nowsky has been elected President, and it is 
largely due to his enterprise that such a 
saccessful commencement has been made. 
The members of the Committee are: A. 
Warjenevsky, A. Karzinkin, A. Langovoy, 
and S. Woronin. We heartily wish our 
Russian friends continued prosperity. 


FRANK ASHTON RELIEF FUND.—A small 
committee of Orchidists has been formed to 
assist Mr. Frank Ashton, who has, unfor- 
tunately, fallen imto indigent circumstances, 
and who is no longer able to follow his 
employment as a traveller in Orchids. He 
has been struggling against fate for the past 
two or three years, but has at last been 
compelled to give up owing to continued ill- 
health. His resources are practically at an 
end. An appeal is therefore made to all those 
who have been associated with Mr. Ashton 
in the Orchid business to show their practical 
sympathy with him in his great affliction by 
contributing towards a Fund which will be 
utilised to establish him in some small 
home business. Donations may be sent to 
the Secretary of the Kew Guild (Mr. Herbert 


“I 
Ur 


Cowley, South Side, Kew Green), or to me, 
and will be gratefully acknowledged on Mr. 
Ashton’s behalf—-/ohn Weathers, 7, Talbot 
Road, Isleworth, Middlesex (Secretary). 


AN ORCHID. 
| AM awed by a presence! The very 


atmosphere seems to wait upon this 
Orchid. 


such passion and such purity! 


Can a creature hold at once 
It is genius, 
humanly and divinely comprehensive, and 
springs fresh from the heart of Life. 

I bend my head to listen. What is it 
saying? From what celestial zone does it 
come? From the borderland where bodies 
achieve soul-being refined to the point of such 
attainment, the beauty and mystery that are 
flesh becoming infused with the mystery and 
beauty that are soul. 

If soul should take form and become 
visible to us would the form be like this, I 
wonder? The form is varied as the impulses 
of power yet perfect in balance; rich for 
receiving and giving and fulfilling. A keen 
sword is here with which to cut a way through 
darkness, and above, though the root is in 
earth, are wings. The clear light falling 
upon this form casts there no other shadow 
than the sibylline shadow of its own wings, 
and at the top of its utmost reach, above all 
suggestion of earthy hold or colour, aspires 
this spotless white which glistens in the light 
as silver and gold. 

INEZ DICKINSON CUTTER. 


CONFERENCE REMARKS. 
bk roots of epiphytic Orchids should 


not be covered up in the same way 
as those of terrestrial kinds. 

Epiphytic Orchids usually grow near the 
tops of trees, and thus get more sunshine 
than the terrestrial forms. 

Thomas Lobb, an early collector of Vanda 
coerulea, always discovered the finest plants 
growing on trees which were solitary and 
surrounded with plenty of fresh air. 

Vanda ccerulea is often started into growth 


76 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


too early in the season. Light increases 
the richness of the blue; heavy shading 
reduces the colour. 

Anyone who could discover a successful 
method of growing Miltonia spectabilis would 
receive the thanks of all amateurs and those 
hybridists who were attempting to make use 
of its wonderful colour. 

Amateurs frequently attempt to grow too 
many kinds of Orchids in the same house. 
Certain methods will grow one class but kill 
another. 


THE NOMENCLATURE OF 
CYPRIPEDIUMS. 


HE recent article on the nomenclature 
al of Cypripediums advocated the giving 
of but one name to all hybrids 
inheriting the characters of the same species, 
and additional varietal names for the various 
forms. 

The Rev. J. Crombleholme, however, in 
carefully commenting upon the proposed 
nomenclature, shows, arithmetically, that it 1s 
possible for one Cypripedium aureum to con- 
tain 12/16ths insigne, and another to contain 
14/10ths Spicerianum, and asks, therefore, 
“would not such a system be illogical and 
unscientific.” 

But Prof. Keeble in his recent lecture at 
the Orchid Conference on the “ Physiology of 
Fertilisation” regarded this system of frac- 
tional parentage as one likely to lead us 
further astray, for although it may be correct 
arithmetically, it is not so in a practical way. 
Major Hurst 1s also of the same opinion, for 
he stated at the same Conference that the 
common practice of analysing Orchid hybrids 
in fractional terms is to be deprecated, as in 
most cases these must be erroneous. The 
simple fact of the segregation of characters 
in the second generation altogether upsets 
such calculations. 

One, therefore, cannot but help forming 
the logical conclusion that there is much of 
real scientific value in the suggestion to 
amend our system of nomenclature to a 
style more in accordance with Nature’s 
doctrine of evolution. SOUTHERNER. 


‘ 


[January, 1913. 


JANUARY. 


January may well be termed the most 
trying time for Orchid growers, at least so 
far as England and many parts of the 
Continent are concerned. It is true that 
most of the damp and dull days of late 
autumn and winter have passed eway, but 
these have gone only to give place to others 
which try our patience very severely and 
almost to breaking point. An amateur who 
is truly fond of his plants—and there are 
but few who are not—oftentimes overdoes 
his kindness towards them, and his _ best 
endeavours to assist them through this almost 
lifeless period are not always conducive to 
their well-being. 

In almost all phases of nature we notice 
the same inclination to pass into a quiet 
cessation from action of any kind. All that 
apparently takes place 1s the smallest amount 
of energy required to support the life of 
the individual until lengthening and brighter 
days return with their accustomed regularity. 

The summer that we in this country 
experience may be almost tropical so far as 
sunshine and heat are concerned, or it may 
be arctic with regard to the many sunless 
and cold days experienced. Even its arrival 
is uncertain ; one genial day may be followed 
by another as inclement as those of mud- 
winter, while yet another may vary in its 
temperature hourly. Yet all these varying 
changes bring us, sooner or later, te the 
growing season of our Orchids. 

Therefore, it behoves every one of us to 
have all our plants in that heaithy and 
favourable condition so essential to immediate 
beneficial effect being obtained cirectly the 
turn of the season brings us the return of 
summer, or, in more appropriate language, 
the annual recurrence of our correct cultural 
atmosphere 

Nothing is more detrimental to Orchids 
than to allow the plants to remain forgotten, 
generally in an unsuitable place, during the 
winter-time. Many amateurs, especially those 
with little experience, imagine that Orchids 
will accommodate themselves to any con- 
ditions of atmosphere and temperature. But 
such is not the case. 


January, 1913. | THE ORCHID WORLD: -- 


CYPRIPEDIUM VIKING. 


Spicerianum villosum insigne villosum 


Druryi Spicerianum Lathamianum nitens 


| 
| 


Buchanianum illustre 


Viking. 

This new and elegant 
Cypripedium received an 
Award of Merit, Royal 
Horticultural Society, De- 
cember 3rd, 1912, when 
exhibited by Lieut.-Col. 
‘Sir George Holford, 
K.C.V.O., Westonbirt. The 
diagram above will show 
that the raiser, Mr. H. G. 
Alexander, has made use 
of four species: insigne, 
villosum, Spicerianum, and 
Druryi, all of which are 
more or less represented 
in the resulting hybrid. 
The strong influence of 
villosum is seen in the 
broad petals and _ their 
peculiar varnished appear- 
ance, and in the dark, 
median coloration of the 
dorsal sepal ; Spicerianum 
has produced the broad, 
white dorsal, which always 
gives an attractive nature 
to any Cypripedium ; 
Drury has imparted the wax-like texture and 
the slight yellowish tint diffused throughout 
the whole flower, and has also given breadth 
to the petals; while insigne, as might be 
expected from the small part it takes in the 
parentage, is only obscurely represented. 
Cypripedium Viking is a distinct and useful 
addition to the Westonbirt series of these 
terrestrial Orchids. 


Photo by] 


ONCIDIUM CHEIROPHORUM.—The Journal 
of Horticulture, December 19th, 1912, con- 


tains an illustration of a well-grown plant of 
this Colombian species. 


VOL. III. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA EVERSHOTENSIS.—By 
crossing C. Forbesu with L. cinnabrosa (cin- 
nabrina x tenebrosa) a pleasing hybrid has 
been raised in Mr. Eustace F. Clark’s collec- 


tion at Evershot, Dorset. The sepals and 


petals are clear straw-yellow, the three-lobed 
lip handsomely veined along its entire length 


{F. Waldock. 


Cypripedium Viking. 


with crimson, and the bulbs inherit much of 
the tenebrosa form. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA CHARMIAN.—Messrs. 
Veitch and Sons have produced this new 
hybrid between L.-C. bletchleyensis and C. 
Triane. The influence of the flower of 
Warscewiczu, derived through the former 
parent, has imparted good qualities to the 
resulting new seedling. ; 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA ANDRE MARON.—Catt- 
leya Schrédere and Brasso-Cattleya Mrs. J. 
Leemann are the parents of this new hybrid, 
which was exhibited by Mr. René Gaveau, at 
the Berlin Orchid Show, November, 1912. 


1c@) 


78 THE ORCHID) WORLD: 


THE DISBUDDING OF ORCHIDS. 


HE disbudding of Orchids is, at the 
P present time, a subject worthy of our 
careful consideration, for it has been 
widely discussed by various Orchid growers 
in all parts of the country. Every amateur 
and admirer of these elegant flowers rightly 
desires to see them grown to the highest state 
of perfection, a condition which must imply 
natural perfection, and it is upon the various 
meanings of this perfect state that almost all 
the controversy regarding disbudding has 
arisen. 

The prohibition of disbudding Orchids was 
originally instituted to discourage a somewhat 
common practice of removing the majority of 
the immature flower buds from the spike, thus 
allowing the remaining buds to receive an 
abnormal supply of nutriment, with the result 
that overdevelopment took ‘place. Plants 
purchased with such exaggerated flowers 
always gave considerable disappointment 
when flowering the following season, assum- 
ing, of course, that the spike was allowed to 
grow in its natural and complete state. 

The standard of size and development thus 
rose, by degrees, to a very high and unnatural 
state, and amateurs were not entirely to 
blame when they discovered the fact that 
unless they followed the evil practice of 
others they had little, if any, chance of receiv- 
ing awards or of obtaining paintings, which 
although correct so far as the artist was con- 
cerned were exaggerated when compared 
with the plant’s natural behaviour. Such an 
injurious state of things could only be 
remedied by the Royal Horticultural Society 
taking a firm stand and refusing to grant a 
certificate to any plant that had been dis- 
budded. By this means a normal and healthy 
condition of culture and exhibiting has at last 
been attained. 

But such stringent rules, however neces- 
sary, have disadvantages which, as time goes 
on, become more apparent. Take, for 
instance, a small seedling Odontoglossum 
flowering for the first time, and, consequently, 
not displaying its full beauty. The majority 
of growers would not hesitate to disbud the 


[January, 1913. 


spike in proportion to the size and strength 
of the flowering bulb, and, by so doing, a 
fairly correct and natural bloom would be 
produced, or, in other words, one or more 
flowers would be obtained correctly indi- 
cating the future merit of the plant when it 
attains full size and vigour. 

Now, if the Orchid Committee, after care- 
ful consideration, could grant awards to such 
plants much real encouragement would be 
given to the amateur or raiser, but, up to the 
present time, owing to the existence of dis- 
budding rules, very few, if any, of the finest 
present-day hybrids have been publicly 
exhibited until they have been grown to 
specimen plants. First-class Certificates and 
Awards of Merit should, undoubtedly, be 
given in accordance with the special merit of 
the variety, and on the earliest occasion that 
the Committee is able to form a correct 
impression of the plant’s real merit. To delay 
such certificates until the plant has been 
grown into a specimen is surely covering the 
ground for which a Cultural Commendation 
is intended. 

The term “disbudding” requires careful 
definition. In its present sense it includes 
two very distinct methods. Undcubtedly, the 
correct meaning of the phrase is the removal 
of one or more buds when in their early 
stages of development, the result being an 
increased size of the flowers which are pro- 
duced from the buds left on the spike. The 
other method consists of waiting until the 
complete spike has fully opened all its flowers, 
and then removing one or more of them to 
enable a trade grower to submit specimens to 
a likely purchaser, or in erder that an artist 
may have material from which to make a 
painting. This latter method can make no 
difference whatever to the size of the remain- 
ing flowers, and should not legally be termed 
“disbudding.” Up to the present time no 
distinction whatever has been made with 
regard to this :mportant point, the just and 
the unjust have suffered punishment in a 
similar way. 

The year 1913 will see the much needed 
reform in operation. The Royal Horti- 
cultural Society has issued the following 


January, 1913.] 


resolution to the members of its Orchid 
Committee :— 

“ Awards will not be recommended to any 
plants the natural size and character of the 
flowers of which have been in the opinion 
of the Committee in any way improved 
through disbudding or dressing.” 

Exhibitors will therefore be able to obtain 
awards for all plants, whether disbudded or 
not, so long as the flowers have not been 
unduly enlarged or improved beyond their 
natural state. 


THE ESSEN ORCHID SHOW. 


HE idea of holding the recent Orchid 
a8 Show at Essen, Ruhr, originated with 
Baron Max von Fiirstenberg, of 
Schloss Hugenpost, whose collection of 
species is considered to be the finest on the 
Continent. The Mayor of Essen and Dr. 
Goldschmidt, the well-known amateur, also 
took considerable interest. Mr. Linne, the 
Director of Essen Public Gardens, and Mr. 
Beyrodt, of Marienfelde, acted as organisers. 
Baron von Fiirstenberg’s rich collection of 
species and hybrids occupied the whole of the 
Octagon Hall of the Museum. In the adjoin- 
ing hall, Mr. Veerhoff, director of the famous 
gardens of Herr Krupp von Bohlen and 
Holbach, staged a magnificent group of 
home-raised plants, both species and hybrids. 
Dr. Hans Goldschmidt (gr. Mr. Faulhaber) 
exhibited many choice species and hybrids, 
and a unique collection of Anoectochili, con- 
taining many rare and new species only to be 
found in his garden. These plants were 
exhibited in a large glass case, the back cf 
which consisted of a pastel painting repre- 
senting a view from Darjeeling on the 
Himalaya Mountains, the native home of 
many of the plants. 

Mr. W. Herzog, grower to Herr Geheimrat 
Hammerschmidt, of Bonn, showed a_ very 
interesting series of Orchid seedlings which 
had been grown on scientific principles by the 
aid of fungus. 

The Orchid trade was represented by Mr. 
Bohlmann, Hamburg; Mr. Hennis, Hilde- 


THE “ORCHID WORLD. 79 


sheim; Mr. Wolf, Diisseldorf; Mr. Beyrodt, 
Marienfelde; and Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co. 


EAP IEYSIOLOGY OF 
FERTILISATION. 


HE lecture given by Prof. F. Keeble 
at the Orchid Conference dealt with 


the physiology of fertilisation, a very 
interesting subject which in no small way 
concerns the Orchid hybridist. The founda- 
tions of our knowledge of fertilisation, 
remarked the Professor, were made over 
three-quarters of a century ago by Amici, 
who in 1830 discovered that pollen grains 
send out tubes which, after passing down the 
style, or column, fertilise the ovules. The 
male and the female organs, each consisting 
of a mass of cytoplasm containing a nucleus, 
thus fuse with one another and form a single 
cell, or zygote, which in due course gives rise 
to the embryo of the seed. The cytoplasm 
of the egg-cell is considerably larger than that 
of the male, or pollen, parent, although there 
is great similarity between the nuclei. It is 
not yet possible to say that all the characters 
of the offspring are equally contributed by 
the two parents. 

We must recognise that fertilisation has a 
two-fold significance. On the one hand, it 
allows the formation of an individual which 
derives material from both parents; on the 
other hand, the male, or pollen, tube entering 
the egg-cell creates a certain stimulus which 
starts the latter into growth. 

In support of this latter assertion the 
Professor mentioned how the egg-cells of 
sea-urchins may be made to develop by 
altering the chemical composition of the 
sea-water in which they are placed. And, 
also, how the unfertilised egys of the frog 
may be made to develop by simply puncturing 
each one with a fine glass needle. It will, 
therefore, be seen that stimulation may be 
either chemical or mechanical. 

It is well known that Zygopetalum 
Mackayi when fertilised with the pollen of 
Odontoglossum crispum yields only progeny 
in every way similar to itself; there is no 
sign of hybridity in the seedlings. The 


80 THE “ORCHID WORD: 


probable explanation of the fact is that the 
ovules of the Zygopetalum have been stimu- 
lated into growth without being fertilised by 
the male, or pollen, parent. 

Oncidium flexuosum, it has been said, 
cannot be fertilised by its own pollen. The 
flower withers prematurely and fails to set 
seed. Occurrences such as this are probably 
due to the poisonous effect which the plant’s 
pollen has upon its own stigmatic surface. 
Such sterility may sometimes be overcome 
by immersing the pollen in water for a few 
hours, in order to remove the poisonous 
substance. It may not be improbable that 
the stigma has a poisonous effect on the 
pollen. 

The lecturer concluded by stating that 
although our knowledge of fertilisation is 
as yet too imperfect for it to be of much use 
to the Orchid raiser, it may throw some light 
on the phenomena of sterility. We may 
anticipate the making of yet more wonderful 
mongrels than those which now delight the 
amateur, confound the botanist, and confuse 
the student of nomenclature. 


ORCHIDS AT PALMERSTON 
NORTH, NEW ZEALAND. 


RIVATE owners of Orchid collections 

P are few and far between in New 

Zealand. Nevertheless, I obtain as 

much pleasure from my comparatively small 

greenhouse as many of the important 
European growers do from theirs. 

Up to the present success has fallen to my 
lot. My Orchid house is maintained as an 
intermediate one, and the artificial heat 
obtained from the hot-water pipes, together 
with the necessary shading and ventilation, 
render the structure quite suitable so far as 
the climate of cur country is concerned. 

My collection is composed of various 
Odontoglossums, varieties of Cypripediums, 
several Cattleya and Leelio-Cattleya hybrids, 
Dendrobiums in many varieties, and numerous 
Oncidiums. The latter genus is a favourite 
of mine, and at the present time On 


[January, 1913. 


Cavendishianum and On. tigrinum are in flower 
and have well repaid me for my trcuble. 

I particularly admire the lovely blue flowers 
of Vanda coerulea, and often wonder whether 
any of the many plants in English collections 
could be made to grow in New Zealand. The 
long voyage of six weeks would probably be 
too much for them. Aerides odoratum grows 
well in my intermediate house, and last season 
produced two fine spikes of bloom. 

I have only to go a few miles out of 
Palmerston North to be in the thick, 
untouched bush with its beautiful under- 
growth and tree ferns in countless numbers, 
many of which are as high as sixty feet. 
Dendrobium Cunninghamu, with its pale rose 
and cream coloured flowers, looks very pretty 
when growing in its natural position high up 
on the trees. One specimen which I recently 
found had stems over five feet in length. The 
flowers, an inch in diameter, are produced 
during November to February. 

Pterostylis Banksii is another Orchid found 
near here. It grows im open paddocks and 
dies down each year. The curious hood- 
shaped flowers are green mn colour and striped 
with white. Acianthus Sinclar is a tiny, 
transparent-looking plant, which bears 
racemes of small greenish-white flowers 
during the month of August. 

Gastrodia Cunninghamu is often found 
growing in damp bush. It is a strange 
looking plant, about two feet in height and 
with a thick, starchy root, frequently used as 
food by the natives. Microtis porrifolia is 
fairly common, and is also known as the 
onion-leaved Microtis. The flower spike 
bears from 20 to 80 very small green flowers. 

Farina suaveolens is fairly plentiful in this 
district. The white flowers are not very 
large, but they are extremely sweet-scented, 
and when large plants, or a number of smaller 
ones, secure themselves to the bark of a tree 
the flowering mass is quite a picture. The 
months of April to June are those in which 
the best floral display is produced by this 
species. 

I am somewhat alone in my _ hobby, 
and frequently Jack the encouragement pro- 
duced by a little friendly competition with 


January, 1913. | 


neighbouring amateurs. Nevertheless, the 
ORCHID WORLD keeps me in touch with the 
subject, and constantly reminds me that I, so 
many miles away, am a member of a closely 
united—in thought, if not in_ reality— 
fraternity of Orchid worshippers. 
HOWARD C. EDWARDS. 
Palmerston North, 
New Zealand. 


BRITISH. ORCHIDS: 


T the meeting of the Linnean Society, 
yay held December 5th, 1912, the first 
communication was by Mr. E. J. 
Bedford, entitled “Notes on Two Orchids 
new to East Sussex: Further Notes on 
several rarer species of the Orchidacez,” and 
communicated by Mr. C. E. Salmon, F.L.S. 

The lecturer stated that he is engaged in 
obtaining a series of photographs of the 
British Wild Orchids, his mtention being to 
secure photographs of every possible species 
im situ, as well as at closer quarters at home, 
when arranged against a plain background. 
During the season of 1911 he was fortunate 
enough to obtain two species not hitherto 
recorded for East Sussex. The first of these 
was the Brown-veined Orchid, Orchis pur- 
purea, found in the Ouse district, near Lewes, 
in the month of May, by Mr. Herbert Jenner, 
of Lewes. 

This interesting find was the prelude of 
another of perhaps even greater interest, for 
in the month of June the lecturer found a 
specimen of the rare Lizard Orchid, Orchis 
hircina, in the Cuckmere district, near East- 
bourne. 

This also proved to be a record for East 
Sussex, although a single specimen was dis- 
covered in West Sussex in 1907 near the 
border of the county. When discovered the 
specimen was only just coming into blcssom, 
but it was decided to pick and take it home. 
The plant measured 125 inches in height and 
doubtless would have grown higher had it 
been left. The flowers opened at the rate 
of three or four each day during the time 
it was kept indoors, and about a week after 


VOL. III. 


THE ORCHID WORKLD. Sy 


the specimen had been picked all the flowers 
were open except those at the extreme tip. 

It was at this stage taken back and 
temporarily fixed to its own stalk and 
photographed 7” sz¢z on June 22nd (the 
Coronation day of King George V.). The 
plant did not produce a bloom during the 
past season (1912), although several leaves 
appeared, so it is hoped it may bloom again 
this season 

Earlier in the same year (1911) he had 
found a numerous colony of the Spider 
Orchid, Ophrys aranifera. In a circular 
space of about three yards radius he counted 
O05 specimens, and they were :n this profusion 
for a considerable distance on each side. 

The specimens which occur in Sussex are 
said to be Ophrys aranifera var. fucifera: 
great difficulty was experienced, however, in 
distinguishing the variety from the type 
which is said to occur in Kent and sometimes 
in Sussex. 

During the past season (1912) he was able 
to photograph zz sztw the rare Late Spider 
Orchid, Ophrys arachnites, in the Folkestone 
district. , 

Another interesting species to be found in 
Sussex, although in decreasing numbers, 1s 
the Bog Orchid, Malaxis paludosa. From its 
size and position this is a difficult species to 
photograph zz sz¢v. There is little doubt that 
the specimen Darwin experimented with and 
mentioned in his “Fertilisation of Orchids” 
came from the same locality as the one shown. 

He supposed he would be correct in calling 
the Fen Orchid, Liparis Leeselii, one of the 
rarest of the order. Through the kindness 
of a distinguished botanist he was able to 
obtain a photograph of it growing during 
1912, but was not at liberty to divulge the 
exact locality. 

The last species mentioned was the Summer 
Lady’s Tresses, Spiranthes zstivalis, which he 
was also able to show photographed as they 
grew. 

His collection of photographs at present 
consists of 33 species and varieties out of a 
possible 44, and he should be very glad of 
an opportunity of adding to his collection any 
species not yet obtained. 


82 THE 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [January, 191 


Cattleya Schroédere, flowering in the Dale Nurseries. Brampton, Ontario, Canada. 


CATTLEYA SCHRODERZ:. 


HE above photograph was taken last 
spring in the Dale Nurseries, Bramp- 
Ontario, Canada, where from 

40,000 Orchids are 


ton, 
35,000 to grown for 
cut-flower purposes, Cattleya species pre- 
dominate, and are in flower almost the whole 
year through, the forms including Schrédere, 
Mossiz, labiata, and Triane. The labiatas 
finish the first 
November, the 
open 


flowering about week in 
same month 
their 


Cypripediums, including insigne Sander and 


and during 


Trianes commence to buds. 
Maudie, are also grown, and a large importa- 
tion of Odontoglossum crispum has recently 
been received. The Dale Nurseries include 
more than twenty acres of glass, all of which 
are devoted to the production of cut flowers. 


The illustration shows one side of a 100 ft, 


house entirely devoted to Cattleya Schrédere; 
many of the spikes carry four to seven 
flowers, and several of the plants twenty-two 
to thirty-six blooms. Last spring more than 
5,000 flowers were cut for the Easter trade. 
Mr. W. J. Jones, for many years grower to 
Messrs. Hooley Bros, Southampton, has 
charge of the Orchid department, and in a 
letter recently received from him we learn 
that the house of Cattleya Schrédere promises 
an even greater abundance of bloom during 
1913, while an equally spacious house of 
Cattleya Mossiz will produce vast quantities 
of flower at a later date. The ingenious 
method of breaking the fierce rays of the sun 
by means of a thin sheet of tiffany suspended 
from the roof of the house may be recom- 
mended to others who find their early spring 
flowers scorched at a time when it is too early 
in the year to adopt the summer shading. 


A 
° 


January, 1913. | 


THE APPLICATION 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 83 


OB “GENETICS TO. ORCHID 


BREEDING. 


Byes MAJOR. 'C. C. HURST, F.L:S. 
(Continued from page 64.) 


THE REMAKING OF A BLOTCHED 
“ CRISPUM.” 


In 1909 the writer showed that the 
“blotched” character in Odontoglossums 
behaved as a Mendelian dominant to the 
“plain” character which was recessive. Since 
then further evidence has given ample con- 
firmation. The logical consequences of this 
application of genetics to Orchid breeding 
lead one to support Mr. de Barri Crawshay’s 
idea, expressed many years ago, that blotched 
“crispums” first appeared in a wild state 
through natural hybridisation with other 
species. 

From the point of view of genetics a 
dominant character is due to the addition of a 
factor, while a recessive character is due to 
the subtraction of a factor. A blotched cris- 
pum, therefore, consists in the addition of a 
factor to the ordinary typical plain crispum. 
The question arises, how was this dominant 
blotched character added to the typical plain 
crispum? In order to illustrate the point we 
will take in hand the remaking of a blotched 
crispum by crossing an ordinary white “ plain” 
crispum with one of the yellow blotched 
species that grows with O. crispum in 
Colombia, say O. luteopurpureum, the result 
will be, of course, the Fi yellow blotched 
hybrid, known as O. Wilckeanum, yellow 
being dominant to white, and blotched to 
plain. This natural hybrid appeared in 
importations before it was first raised in 
gardens. 

Next, we will re-cross this yellow blotched 
hybrid with another white plain crispum, the 
expected result as far as these two characters 
are concerned will be that in F2 out of four 
plants we shall get on the average one yellow 
blotched, one yellow plain, one white blotched, 
and one white plain. Among the white 
blotched forms will be found blotched 


crispums. There can be little doubt that 1s 
how the blotched crispums criginated in a 
wild state by natural hybridisation. 

Other crossings might, of course, give the 
blotched crispum, but it seems more likely 
that it should originate from this particular 
cross than any other, on account of the 
natural distribution of these forms, as esti- 
mated by their frequency in importations. 
Further confirmation may be found in the 
fact that so far all the imported blotched 
crispums that have been bred from have 
proved to be heterozygous to the blotched 
character, giving plain forms when mated 
together. 

For instance, the blotched O. crispum 
Franz Masereel, O.-c. Leonard Perfect, O.-c. 
Lindeni, O.-c. Victoria-Regina, O.-c. Rossen- 
dales=@=c1:) Marie, ©Ol-c. Luciani, O/-c: 
Crawshayanum, and O.-c. Alphonso all give a 
few plain forms when mated with other 
blotched forms, showing that each has only a 
single dose of the blotched character. This 
indicates that one of their parents was a plain 
crispum, otherwise some homozygous blotched 
forms would surely have turned up amongst 
them. 

The next step for Orchid breeders to take, 
therefore, is to breed these heterozygous 
blotched forms zzéer se. On the average one 
out of three of the blotched forms produced 
in this way should be homozygous, or pure, 
with a double dose of the blotched character. 
These when bred from will give a/Z blotched 
forms, whether mated with other blotched 
forms, or with plain forms. 

It will, of course, be understood that the 
blotched character in Odontoglossums is a 
very variable one, the blotches vary in size, 
form and number, while the pattern varies 
with the species used. It would be an inter- 
esting study to work out the several factors 
that are no doubt concerned in the different 


84 THE. ORCHID: WORLD: 


kinds of blotching. The plain form of O. 
crispum is, of course, often slightly spotted, 
especially on the lip. The yellow ground 
colour in Odontoglossums varies considerably 
in shade according to the species and variety 
used. Some of the bright yellow species are 
evidently heterozygous, carrying cream reces- 
sive, as may be seen in some of the F: results 
of yellow x white in certain primary hybrids 
where segregation into the two distinct 
shades, cream and canary-yellow, is evident. 
When a pure white ground appears in Fi 
results of yellow x white, it is evidently due 
to the heterozygous nature of the wild yellow 
form used as a parent. 


THE MAKING OF A SCARLET CRISPUM. 


A large number of interesting problems 
have already been taken in hand by Orchid 
breeders, some of which bid fair soon to be 
successful, though, to the student of genetics, 
the results seem to be slow in coming to hand. 

The question, for instance, of the making 
of a Scarlet Crispum by combining the self 
scarlet colour of Cochlioda Neetzliana with 
the large size of Odontoglossum crispum. 
The making of a Scarlet Cattleya by com- 
bining the scarlet self colour of Sophronitis 
grandiflora with the large size and broad seg- 
ments of the species of the labiata group of 
Cattleya. The making of a Yellow Cattleya 
by combining the yellow self colour of Lelia 
Cowanii with the large size and broad seg- 
ments of the Cattleya. These and other 
problems equally interesting to Orchid 
breeders are, judging by the results recently 
presented, now well on the way to a solution. 

There is no doubt that the application of 
the principles of genetics to these problems 
would not only help to hasten their solution, 
but would also save much wastage of 
mistaken matings. In the three particular 
problems noted above, the first crosses in Fi 
all show a more or less incomplete dominance, 
both of the desired colour and size characters. 
In other words, the single dose of each factor 
present in the primary hybrid gives a different 
result from the double dose of each factor 
present in the pure parents. Thus the double 
dose of the factor present in the Cochlioda, 


[January, 1913. 


Sophronitis, and Lelia parents, produces the 
scarlet or yellow colour to perfection, whereas 
the single dose only of the factor present in 
the primary hybrids reproduces the scarlet or 
yellow colour more or less imperfectly. 

The same thing happens in regard to the 
factor for size. The double dose of the factor 
present in the Odontoglossum and the Catt- 
leya parents produces the large size desired, 
whereas the single dose only of the factor 
present in the primary hybrids does not. The 
simple solution of the problem, therefore, lies 
in choosing the particular matings that will 
give a double dose of each of the two char- 
acters that the Orchid breeder wishes to com- 
bine, in these cases the scarlet or yellow 
colour and the large size. It is obvious that 
this can be done simply by mating two of the 
Fi: hybrids together, and if the case is a simple 
one, the desired result should be secured in 
Fe, on the average in one plant out of every 
sixteen raised. 

From this it will be seen that the common 
practice of mating the primary hybrid back 
to one of its parents cannot be expected to 
succeed, because such a mating implies the 
presence of a single dose only of one of the 
two characters concerned. By such a mating 
one of the characters is secured by a double 
dose at the expense of the other which can 
only have a single dose. Further, the many 
attempts that have been made to secure the 
result by breeding from secondary and other 
complex hybrids only leads to unnecessary 
complications, because owing to segregation 
it is quite possible to lose the desired factor 
altogether in the second generation F2, and 
the securing of a double dose of it by means 
of such matings is a matter of considerable 
uncertainty, with the chances very much 
against the breeder. 

In passing it may, perhaps, be useful to 
point out that the common practice of 
analysing Orchid hybrids of complex parent- 
age in terms of fractions of their parents and 
ancestors is to be deprecated. In Orchid 
literature we often see it stated, for instance, 
that a certain hybrid contains 4A, $B, ¢+C and 
4D. In the modern light of genetics such 
statements are not only misleading, but im 


January, 1913. | 


most cases they must of necessity be 
erroneous. The simple fact of the segrega- 
tion of characters in the second generation 
aitogether upsets such a calculation. 

So far, we have dealt with the three par- 
ticular problems by applying the principles of 
genetics in a general way to enable the 
breeder to secure a definite result in the 
shortest possible time. Space will not allow 
one to deal with the interesting mass of minor 
details concerned in these three problems. 
One or two special points, however, may be 
noted. Judging from the F: results recently 
produced, it would appear that in order to get 
a true Scarlet Crispum, Cochlioda Neoetzliana 
should be crossed with an Odontoglossum 
with a white ground colour, ¢.g., O: crispum 
or O. nobile, and in order to avoid, if possible, 
the presence of purple sap in the segments it 
would seem advisable to use the albino O. 
crispum xanthotes and O. nobile album in pre- 
ference to the tinged, blotched or plain forms. 

In order to get a Crimson Crispum it would 
appear that Cochlioda Neoetzliana should be 
crossed with an Odontoglossum with a yellow 
ground, ¢.g., O. triumphans and O. luteopur- 
pureum, and to avoid the dull purple tint in 
the crimson, the xanthic albinos O.-t. Ajax and 
O.-]. Vuylstekeanum might, perhaps, be used 
to advantage. The presence of some purple 
sap in the column of Cochlioda Neetzliana 
may or may not compucate matters. It all 
depends whether the column colour is 
inherited independently of the rest of the 
flower or not; if a form can be secured in 
which the usual violet-purple colour in the 
column is absent this possible complication 
might be avoided. 

In the making of a Scarlet Cattleya the 
elimination of the rose-purple sap of the 
Cattleya is equally important in order to get 
the true colour, and it would therefore seem 
advisable to use with the Sophronitis the 
albino forms, ¢.g., Cattleya Mossiz Wagener 
and C. Gaskelliana alba. If the (C) albinos 
of C. Warneri and C. Schréderze are used 
care must be taken not to put them in the 
same experiment in which the (R) albinos of 
C. Mossiz and C. Gaskelliana are used, other- 
wise the sap-colour will appear. 


LHE “ORCHID “WORLD. 85 


In place of Sophronitis grandiflora, the 
species Laelia harpophylla or L. cinnabarina 
might be used, but the result would be a 
lighter and more orange shade of scarlet. 

In the making of a self yellow Cattleya, 
the species Lelia Cowanu or L. flava would 
appear to be the best to use. C. Dowiana 
aurea and L. xanthina being bicolors would 
be unsuitable for breeding selfs. It 1s rather 
curious that while the yellow colour of C. 
Dowiana aurea is recessive to the rose-purple 
colour of the Cattleyas, the yellow colours of 
i (Gowan, Ic flava,Sand: 1. xanthina are 
dominant, though in most cases the dominance 
is somewhat imperfect. The F: resuits sug- 
gest that the colour of the front lobe of the 
lip may be inherited independently of the 
rest of the flower. The bicolors C. Dowiana 
and L. xanthina give purple or crimson lips 
when mated with albinos, while L. Cowanu 
and L. flava apparently do not; but L. flava 
when mated with the coloured forms of certain 
species gives a crimson or purple lip, while 
with other species it gives a self yellow flower. 
L. Cowani so far appears to give all yellow 
selfs with both coloured and albino forms. 

In the making of a self yellow Cattleya, all 
these details will have to be carefully con- 
sidered by the breeder in choosing his 
matings. It may be interesting to note that a 
rather curious point will arise in the making 
of these Scarlet and Yellow Cattleyas. 
Technically, according to the present rules, 
the Scarlet Cattleyas bred in the way sug- 
gested would belong to the genus Sophro- 
Cattleya, while the Yellow Cattleyas would be 
classed as Leelio-Cattleya. But, as the writer 
pointed out some years ago, the generic 
characters which separate Cattleya from 
Lelia, z.¢., four pollen-masses and eight pollen- 
masses respectively, themselves behave as 
Mendelian characters and segregate in F» in 
the same way that specific and varietal char- 
acters do. Consequently, some of the Scarlet 
and Yellow Cattleyas raised in these experi- 
ments will have four pollen-masses only, and 
in that sense would be _indistinguishable 
from the systematist’s true Cattleya. Being 
homozygous they would also breed true to 
that character. In view of this it hardly 


86 THE ORCHID WORED- 


seems logical to call them Lelio-Cattleya, and 
if the Orchid breeder, for other reasons of his 
own, chooses to call these forms Cattleyas, in 
the circumstances it will be a rather difficult 
matter to deny him. 


ECONOMICS AND EUGENICS. 


The application of the principles of 
genetics to Orchid breeding brings out an 
economic point of considerable importance, 
the appreciation of which should save the 
breeder a considerable amount of time, 
trouble and expense. From what we have 
shown, it is evident that no useful purpose can 
be served by the indiscriminate matings of 
complex hybrids, which are far too common 
in Orchid breeding. From the economic 
point of view, it is extremely doubtful whether 
it is really necessary to go beyond the mating 
of primary hybrids in Orchid breeding. We 
have seen that any two good qualities can be 
combined in this way in the second genera- 
tion, in a single experiment with two, three, 
or four species or genera. 

If more than this be required, other parallel 
experiments can be carried out at the same 
time, and the respective results of the separate 
experiments can, if really necessary, be com- 
bined afterwards. For instance, experiment 
(1) might be carried out to make a Dark 
Scarlet Cattleya from Sophronitis grandiflora, 
while experiment (2) might be carried out at 
the same time to make an Orange Scarlet 
Cattleya from Lelia harpophylla. When 
these two shades of the Scarlet Cattleya are 
obtained in the second generation, they might 
be mated together in order to produce in the 
third generation a Scarlet Cattleya superior 
to both. 

Another great advantage in the adoption 
of the method of parallel experiments will be 
that the special secondary hybrids obtained 
in this way will of necessity have a double 
dose of each of the two good qualities bred 
for, consequently they will be equally valuable 
for use as stud Orchids ; being homozygous to 
the desired characters, they will breed true to 
themselves when selfed, and will give more 
definite and less variable results when crossed 
with one another. 


[January, 1913. 


The application of the principles of genetics 
to Orchid breeding leads one to conclude that 
from the economic and eugenic point of view, 
the only sound method to adopt in Orchid 
breeding is to make a fresh start, by selecting 
a choice stud of the best individuals of the 
best varieties of the best species of the best 
genera, due preference being given to those 
stud individuals that have already bred a 
winner of the F.C.C. at the R.H.S. and have 
also proved themselves to be homozygous in 
their good qualities. These selected stud 
Orchids should be combined by crossing in 
every possible way, in order to make superior 
primary stud hybrids. Finally, these superior 
stud hybrids can be combined in any way 
that the breeder may think fit, in accordance 
with the particular objects he may have in 
view. 


ORCHID BREEDING. 
| ATTENDED the recent Orchid Confer- 


ence, and was much interested in 
Major Hurst’s paper on the Application 
of Genetics to Orchid Breeding, and while 
appreciating its general excellence 1auch of it 
is necessarily inferential and conjectural, and 
even were I wholeheartedly convinced that 
his premises were scientifically correct, I 
doubt their value in practical application. 
For instance, how am I to apply the first 
principles of genetics to Orchid breeding? 
I have discovered a “character” in a flower 
that I want to continue in my hybrid, but 
this desirable character is associated with 
other undesirable characters that are also 
heritable. How am I to separate the 
undesirable characters from the desirable 
one in the hybrid? This is how Major Hurst 
becomes helpful: “When more than one 
heritable character is involved in the breeding 
problem, as usually happens in Orchids, the 
different kinds of individual plants become 
exceedingly numerous. One plant, for 
instance, may be homozygous for one 
character, heterozygous for another, and 
zerozygous for a third character, and so on. 
Each individual plant, however, has a definite 
germinal, or gametic, constitution, which can 
be ascertained by cross-breeding it with other 


January, 1913.] 


plants. In this way a factorial analysis of the 
plant can be made, and as regards each 
heritable character the plant will be found 
to be either homozygous, heterozygous, or 
zerozygous, and as such it will behave when 
bred from. Once the factorial analysis of a 
plant has been made all future breeding from 
that plant is reduced to practically a certainty.” 

This ascertaining of a plant’s germinal, or 
gametic, constitution seems rather a formid- 
able undertaking, and would surely end 
inconclusively. Major Hurst is not taking 
into consideration the heritable characters of 
the plant with which it is to be cross-bred, 
which might negative the value of any 
factorial analysis that would ensue. And 
after the factorial analysis had been made, 
surely any “certainty” in future cross- 
breeding would always be subject to modifi- 
cation by the plant with which it was mated. 

Major Hurst says that no less than five 
different kinds of albinos may exist. The 
results of my own experience, and as far as 
my knowledge of the experience of other 
raisers goes, point to there being one kind of 
albino only, and it always breeds true whether 
selfed or crossed with another albino. But, as 
I have already pointed out in the ORCHID 
- WORLD, if it be crossed with a pseudo-albino, 
of which there are many about, a// the hybrids 
will be distinctly coloured. A Cattleya 
Schréderee but very slightly flushed crossed 
with a white Cattleya Mossie reverted (or 
advanced?) so much that the seedlings were 
hardly distinguishable from a batch of typical 
Cattleya Mossiea. A good many pseudo- 
albinos, which to the trained eye would have 
been readily distinguishable as such, have 
been used in crossing, but it is quite possible 
that purple sap might be present in the flower 
and not be visible. The shade of white in the 
flower is not of importance, and various shades 
of white, or green-cream and white, may be 
observed in the same flower as it develops 
to maturity and then fades away. The 
density of a flower kas also much to do with 
the shade of whiteness. 

I know of a good many crosses in different 
collections that have been made from 
so-called albinos, the results of which have 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 87 


invariably been all coloured, but nothing has 
come under my nctice to support Major 
Hurst’s tables under “colour and albinism.” 
I shall endeavour to collect further evidence 
on this pot for publication in the ORCHID 
WORLD. 

The single instance recorded of albino and 
coloured Orchids coming out of the same 
seed capsule is the Cattleya hybrid Myra 
Peeters, a cross between C. Gaskelliana alba 
and C. Warneri alba. It has always puzzled 
me—ain the light of the foregoing—why this 
(I believe the first albino Cattleya raised) 
should have behaved in this way. It was 
raised in Mr. Peeter’s nursery m Belgium, 
and I suggest some solution of the conundrum 
as follows: Perhaps two capsules were set on 
two C. Gaskelliana alba, one of which was 
not a true albino, and the seed was mixed and 
sown together ; if the C. Warneri alba carried 
the seed, perhaps the pollen from a true and 
a false albino Gaskelliana were used; or 
perhaps the pollen from a true and a false 
albino Warneri were put on a true albino 
Gaskelliana. 

Any of these crosses would give a simple 
explanation of the singular and unique 
results from this particular cross. - In any 
case, this Belgian ratsed Cattleya is the only 
evidence to date in Orchids that gives any 
semblance of probability to the existence of 
Major Hurst’s five different kinds of albinos. 

I should like to point out that while the 
visible evidence of coloured sap in the foliage 
of a Cattleya proves conclusively that it is 
not an albino, the want of coloured sap 1s in 
no sense any guide as to its being one. 

Major Hurst is cn perfectly safe ground 
when he advocates “the making over again 
of the best hybrids, using as parents the 
best individuals of the best varieties of the 
best species of the best genera. The primary 
hybrids thus obtained would be pedigree 
hybrids, and the best individuals of these 
might be further utilised in accordance with 
the particular aims that the breeder may 
have in view.” 

This is exactly what the Orchid breeder 
who has sense and reason has for long been 


endeavouring to do, js M_BEACK, 


88 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Photo by) 


[January, 1913. 


[#. Waldock 


Dendrobium nobile virginale, a specimen with 220 Acwers, as grown by Mr. H.G. Alexander, in the 
Westonbirt collection. 


SOME: ._EPIPHYTIG-ORGIiAIDS:- 
By H. G. Alexander. 


AVING been honoured by a request 
from the Council to read to-day a 


paper on the Cultivation of Orchids, 
I propose giving my observations on the 
treatment most essential to the successful 
cultivation of the epiphyte section, for the 
greater number of the really showy, useful 
and popular kinds are members of this 
extensive division of the family. 

Speaking of Orchids generally there 1s, at 
the present day, not only a very remarkable 
development of the hybrids of artificial origin, 
a progression entirely brought about by the 
energetic work of our hybridisers, but also a 


*Report of Paper read at the Orchid Conference, 
November, 1912. 


very visible and great improvement to be 
everywhere noticed in their cultivation. 
Nevertheless, there are a few epiphytes still 
responsible for much of the disappointment 
occasionally experienced in Orchid culture. 
In support of this latter statement I will 
instance the Cattleya, Lelia, and Dendrobium 
genera, also Phalenopsis, A®rides, Vandas 
and other distichous kinds. Some of these 
epiphytes, notably the species and hybrids of 
Cattleyas and Lelias, the bigeneric Leelio- 
Cattleyas, Sophro-Cattleyas and Sophro- 
Leelias, the deciduous and evergreen kinds of 
Dendrobium, and also Phalenopsis and 
Vanda ccerulea, are, probably, the most 
beautiful and = specially desirable of all 


January, 1913.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 89 


Orchids. The majority of these are 
unequalled in the gorgeous character of their 
beautiful flowers, and when used either in a 
cut state for floral decoration, or when flower- 
ing plants are staged for exhibition, a distinct 
and rare effect is always produced, hence 
their constant advance in popular estimation. 

Having enumerated some of the genera in 
which difficulties of cultivation are likely to 
be found, I may be expected to make a few 
remarks concerning the best method of 
growing these plants up to the high standard 
now desired in present day collections and at 
all our important horticultural shows. 

In the cultivation of all plants there are 
many different roads to success, particularly 
so with Orchids. A special treatment cannot 
be judiciously applied to the plants generally, 
for one cannot be certain that the conditions 
and surroundings are in all cases precisely 
similar, and this fact renders the giving of 
definite advice to be extremely difficult. 

However, I hope from my suggestions 
some practical hints may be derived for 
guidance in determining under what condi- 
tions these epiphytes succeed best per- 
manently. [I emphasise “permanently,” for 
unquestionably cultivators are oftentimes 
deluded by success which is not of lasting 
quality. In support of this statement one 
may point to the luxuriant growth which 
Orchids of all kinds make when growing in 
soft, spongy material, leaf soil, for example ; 
they do well for a few years, but subsequently 
lapse gradually into an enfeebled and 
unhealthy state. 

The system of culture most nearly 
approaching that of Nature must, undoubtedly, 
be the best. In the growing or flowering of 
Orchids success or failure depends on several 
matters, heat, light, air and moisture being 
the main factors; to these the cultivator must 
give continual attention, using his mind as 
well as his hands. A uniform system of 
treatment is not always advisable: growing 
plants according to a schedule and without 
taking into consideration the peculiar charac- 
teristics of the house in which they are 
growing, in my opinion, frequently leads to an 
unsatisfactory result. 


Nowadays much lighter houses are built for 
Orchid growing than was formerly the rule. 
Still, there are thousands of Orchids which 
have to be grown in houses that are darker 
than they should be. A conviction cften 
forced upon me is that half the evils affecting 
Orchids under cultivation are directly trace- 
able to want of sufficient light, either through 
the plants being too heavily shaded, or else 
the house being improperly constructed. 
Very often, on account of the structure being 
unfavourably situated, the light 1s intercepted 
by trees, or other objects in the immediate 
vicinity. 

In instances where epiphytic Orchids, such 
as I have mentioned, occupy houses in which 
hght is not present in sufficient quantity the 
growth is deceptive; deficiency of light, 
especially when accompanied with much 
artificial heat, usually causes increased 
development of the leaves and pseudo-bulbs. 
This very exuberant growth is sure to 
exhaust itself, and, in course of time, the 
plants gradually become debilitated. 

When Orchids have to be grown in houses 
affording less hight than the plants require 
plenty of air will to some extent make up the 
deficiency, but, as a natural consequence, an 
extra amount of air means slower growth. 
Any attempt, in an insufficient light, to hurry 
a plant is certain to end in failure. Light is 
a most essential element, and is so potent in 
its influence that not only will plants grown 
under it produce flowers more freely, but the 
enduring properties of the blooms are greatly 
increased, frequently to the extent of lasting 
twice as long as others grown under more or 
less darker conditions. Moreover, the plants 
are hardier, that is, they are not so susceptible 
to shght errors of treatment in others ways. 
Take, for instance, Phalanopses, Vandas, or 
any of the distichous leaved Orchids which 
are quite easy to cultivate under a dense 
shade during the summer months ; their fresh, 
green appearance may be pleasing to the eye, 
but the growth made under such conditions is 
too susceptible to atmospheric variation. 
Should the temperature of the house drop a 
few degrees below the normal, or if the plants 
are removed for exhibition purposes, many of 


go THE ORCHID WORLD. 


the leaves, so ill-built, will, in all probability, 
become spotted. 

I will not suggest that any of the pre- 
viously mentioned Orchids will bear full 
exposure to light, but the cultivator’s aim 
should be to control it in keeping with the 
plants’ requirements. Shading should be 
employed to break or diffuse the hght rather 
than actually obstruct the sunshine itself. 
This is not a difficult matter with movable 
blinds, easily rolled up or down on light 
rollers, and made of suitable material. Fixed 
shading of any description is not good in 
practice, for it shuts out the light so much 
needed by the plants during the morning and 
evening and many of the sunless days which 
we have in summer. 

Concerning this matter of light for Orchids, 
the more I see of their cultivation, so much 
the more confident do I feel of the injury that 
can be done to them by overshading. I have 
always observed that all Orchids which flower 
while the plants are in full growth do so in 
a much more satisfactory manner when under 
the influence of a good light, especially is this 
noticeable with those of the Cattleya family. 

Whenever I meet with plants in a more 
robust condition than usual I nearly always 
find that more light has reached them than 
many growers would consider needful. 
Instances of this kind are often noticed where 
such plants are usually in the hands of those 
who, although good general plantsmen, pro- 
fess to know little or nothing about Orchids. 
Hence has arisen that off-hand assertion, “ all 
Orchids are easy of cultivation.” 

Another great requisite in the cultivation 
of epiphytic Orchids is a full and free venti- 
lation, not only during the daytime, but also 
by night, whenever it can be managed with- 
out creating a draught. With Orchids in 
their natural conditions of growth air is ever 
present in quantity, for these plants not only 
grow on high rocks and branches of trees, 
but, in many cases, on trees which are isolated 
and exposed to a constant current of air. 
Vanda coerulea may be mentioned as an 
example from the latter conditions. 

Therefore, under cultivation, these Orchids, 
whose natural position is in the open, must 


[January, 1913. 


have plenty of air; in fact, it is absolutely 
necessary, for if there be any shortage in the 
supply of this very important eleinent the 
plants cannot possibly acquire solidity in 
their various parts, a condition so essential to 
healthy existence. Judicious use, therefore, 
of the ventilators of the house is always 
important at all seasons of the year. Growth 
made out of season is often attributable to 
insufficient air on past occasions. 

To give an abundance of air when the sun 
shines and to admit it only by a chink on 
dull days and by might are, to my mind, 
equally absurd. This close-shutting system, 
especially at night with a view to keeping up 
a desired temperature, produces on these 
Orchids an amount of mischief difficult to 
calculate. I never could see the reason why 
ventilators, if so beneficial during the day- 
time, should not be equally so during the 
night. Fresh air all mght, with reasonable 
temperatures, must be more conducive to 
health and vigour than anything approaching 
a stuffy atmosphere. This cooler and more 
airy treatment at night is, I believe, more 
practised in present day culture than 
hitherto, but I am still of the opinion that it 
is not yet sufficiently appreciated. Whenever 
the outside temperature is not below 40 
degrees and the low level ventilators are left 
open at night, the fresh, moist air is con- 
stantly streaming in, and not nearly the 
amount of damping down is needed to keep 
the air soft and genial. 

Respecting the maintaining of suitable 
night and day temperatures, there is little 
doubt that these, speaking generally, are 
often kept too high. All Orchids require 
more or less heat, but many would be far 
better under cooler atmospheric conditions 
than are at present allowed. So sensitive are 
these plants to atmospheric influence, that no 
matter how well they are treated in other 
ways they cannot long continue in a satis- 
factory condition of cultivation unless a 
proper atmosphere is maintained about them. 
Perhaps it would not be correct to say “that 
which is pleasant to the senses is right for 
these plants,” but, at the same time, one can 
usually tell, on entering a house, whether the 


January, 1913. | 


air has that soft, light and pleasant feeling so 
essential to their well being. 

I never advise sticking close to a stated 
temperature, especially when the outside 
climatic conditions are unfavourable, having 
always found much better results accrue from 
working in accordance with the weather and 
by keeping the houses comfortably warm 
with the air in active circulation and not too 
heavily charged with moisture. In the 
growing of these Orchids the state of the 
atmosphere is ten times more important than 
any kind of compost for the plants to root in 
can possibly be. 

Epiphytic Orchids are remarkable for the 
great variety of their flowers and foliage as 
well as for the life and partiality to certain 
substances of their roots. Everyone with a 
little experience is well aware how closely 
these plants are dependent upon their roots. 
In their absence, either through decay or 
other reason, it is useless to look for healthy 
growth or superior flowers. 

This brings me to another important point. 
I am convinced that the reason why these 
epiphytic Orchids sometimes fail in the hands 
of certain cultivators is because of their 
practice of affording too much moisture to the 
roots. Presuming these plants are growing 
in pots or baskets in the ordinary way, and 
the usual present day rooting material is 
employed, there still remains to be answered 
the oft-repeated question: How often should 
certain Orchids be watered? This is a 
question impossible to answer. 

Some terrestrial Orchids require a compost 
almost saturated with water, a condition 
totally unsuitable for epiphytes. The ability 
of this latter class of plant to take up little or 
much moisture is mainly determined by the 
amount of air they receive, and also by the 
light and description of the houses in which 
they are grown. Light and air naturally 
enable any plant to take up more moisture 
by means of its roots, but these organs of 
nutrition must be in a suitable medium. Any 
great excess of moisture causes young roots 
in course of formation to die prematurely, and 
oftentimes results in the death of the older 
ones. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. gI 


The kinds of Orchids which | have men- 
tioned require comparatively little water at 
their roots, the only exception being in the 
height of their growing season, for if 
furnished with plenty of live roots they 
seldom shrivel even when the compost shows 
The roots 
already in existence continue to grow in 
the dry material, unmistakable evidence of the 
condition favourable to the health of the 
plant. 

In nine cases out of ten the season's 
growth of epiphytic Orchids precedes root 
action by a longer or shorter period. In this 
matter of watering we should be guided by 
Nature, and only supply water in moderate 
quantities to the roots until it 1s seen by their 
activity that increased supplies are called for 
by the demands made on the plants by the 
developing growths. I very much doubt if 
there are any plants under cultivation that 
require more discrimination in the matter of 
watering. 

When the roots of these Orchids require 
water, no matter at what stage of activity or 
season of the year, only enough should be 
given to maintain the plants in health, always 
avoiding that excess which causes the roots 
to decay. Rain water is preferable for all 
plants as being the purest and most natural. 
Particularly is this the case with epiphytes, for 
in their natural state they can never 
experience the effect of any other kind. 

The question of whether any form of 
manure can with advantage be used for 
epiphytic Orchids is one of long standing. 
Let me say at once that, personally, I am 
opposed to its use and have never been 
accustomed to utilise it, always considering it 
a risky proceeding with regard to rare and 
valuable plants. On the rare occasions when 
I have experimented with stimulants the 
effect on the plants has always been disas- 
trous. So far as feeding is in any way 
concerned I| feel convinced that these Orchids, 
being plants of comparatively slow as well as 
small growth, can only take naturally a 
limited amount of sustenance, and any 
attempt at increasing this by manurial aid is 
all but certain to prove harmful in the end. 


scarcely a vestige of moisture. 


Ne) 
LS) 


Another matter in connection with the 
cultivation of these Orchids, and one in which 
some growers are liable to make mistakes, is 
the treatment during the resting period. This 
term “rest” is, I fear, often misunderstood. 
It does not imply a periodical shrivelling of 
the plant by withholding water and lowering 
the temperature, but more of what I may term 
a compromise between temperature and 
atmospheric condition. 

The resting period of these Orchids takes 
p:ace more or less during the winter, a time of 
year when the temperature is lower and 
evaporation 1s not so rapid, and it is then that 
the plants require less atmospheric moisture 
and water at the roots. It is principally on 
this point that a considerable amount of 
knowledge and experience is required to 
adapt the varying conditions so as to meet 
the needs of the different plants. Tor 
example, the distichous leaved section require 
more frequent watering during their inactive 
period than any _ pseudo-bulbous _ kinds. 
Vandas, Phalenopses, and similar kinds 
require just sufficient moisture in the rooting 
material to keep the foliage plump and firm. 

Plants of this section which are overdried 
during winter will often lose many of their 
leaves when the sap begins to circulate freely 
in the spring. On the other hand, too much 
moisture when the roots are inactive leads to 
damping, spot, and other attendant evils. 
The impression existing in the minds of some 
growers that a severe drying of Cattleyas, 
Lelias, Dendrobiums, and other pseudo- 
bulbous kinds is necessary to induce them to 
flower is a great mistake. 

Those Orchids that require keeping dry at 
the root during their season of rest benefit to 
an extent dependent on the conditions under 
which they have been grown. If the leaves 
and pseudo-bulbs are solid and stout in 
texture, especially those which are evergreen, 
the plants are, materially, better able to bear 
a lengthened period of drought without 
shrivelling to the extent which proves 
injurious to the fohage. 

These, then, are my reasons for coming to 
the conclusion that in the culture of epiphytic 
Orchids heat, air, light and moisture are the 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[January, 1913. 


essentials of satisfactory cultivation. To each 
subject I have endeavoured to express some 
of my convictions as to how they can best be 
made use of in order to induce a satisfactory 
condition of growth under unnatural con- 
ditions. Nature cannot be improved upon, 
and our efforts must, therefore, be limited to 
an endeavour to imitate her ways. To what 
extent we succeed, or have succeeded up to 
the present, you all know. Any measure of 
success we have attained should only 
stimulate further endeavours. 

There are, no doubt, some plants that all 
but refuse to conform to the artificial con- 
ditions inseparable from cultivation, but it 
cannot be said generally that these are tender 
or unmanageable. On the contrary, it has 
been proved that when properly cared for 
they continue to thrive and keep up a healthy 
existence, sure evidence that observation and 
attention on the part of the cultivator have 
been well applied. We have ali experienced 
the peculiar satisfaction of attaining a desired 
object when success or failure has been 
hanging in the balance. 

It requires, however, no great amount of 
observation to see that these epiphytes, which 
will often bear a great amount of bad treat- 
ment before being killed outright, must have 
their nature studied and be given treatment 
suitable to their requirements before they are 
capable of being grown to the healthy and 
vigorous condition so much desired. Plants 
that suffer from either neglect or mismanage- 
ment must obviously be long in reccvery, 
although death may probably be their 
untimely end. 


PHALANOPSIS INTERMEDIA PORTEI—At 
the Meeting cf the Royal Horticultural 
Society, December 17th, 1912, a Lindley 
Medal was awarded to Mr. A. Dye, gardener 
to the Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, Tring 
Park, for a magnificent plant of this species 
which had been grown at Tring Park for 
more than 30 years. It produced three large- 
branched spikes, with 185 flowers. The 
largest spike had 13 branches with 84 flowers, 
the next largest 7 branches with 61 flowers, 
and the smallest 5 branches with 40 flowers. 


-ODONTOGLOSSUM HARWOODII, “The Shrubbery var.” 


(O. maculatum auriferum < O. Wiganianum) 


. F.C.C. R.H.S. September 26th, 1911. 


January, 1913. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM HARWOODII. 


(See Coloured Plate.) 


nobile Harryanum crispum triumphars 
| 


| | 
Rolfeze harvengtense 
| 


| 
Wiganianum 


maculatum auriferum 


| 
Harwoodu. 


T would be difficult to find an Odonio- 
| glossum more distinct in colour and 
labellum markings than Harwoodu. Only 
three seedlings of this remarkable cross were 
raised by Mr. Charlesworth The first to 
flower was illustrated in the ORCHID WORLD, 
July, 1912; a coloured plate of the “ Shrub- 
bery variety ” 1s included in the present issue ; 
and the third seedling is, as yet, a small plant, 
not likely to flower for several years. The 
bright golden-yellow colour is derived from 
the triumphans and maculatum parents, but 
the latter, on account of its auriferous nature, 
seems to have had the strongest influence. 
The handsome blotches on the labellum of 
this hybrid are another interesting feature, 
for besides the elegant appearance which they 
impart to the flower their origin is, at present, 
quite unaccountable. Od. Uro-Skinneri has 
produced somewhat similar markings in 
hybrids obtained by its use, and it may not be 
improbable that all spotted Central American 


93 


Odontoglossums will have a similar influence 
over their near Colombian relatives. 

Both of the flowered plants of Harwoodi 
are now in the well-known collection ot 
F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, where they have as companions 
many other choice and beautiful hybrids. 


Sobralias will grow well in the warm part 
of an Odontoglessum house, and in_ this 
situation have flowered splendidly every year. 

Flowers of Vanda gigantea and the fleshy 
Phalznopses of the Luddemanniana section 
do not fade when fertilised, but only lose 
their colour. 

Old back bulbs have a detrimental effect 
on the plant, and should be removed, allowing, 
of course, three or four healthy bulbs to 
support the new growth. 

Manurial aid is not necessary for Orchids, 
although a few terrestrial kinds, such as 
Cymbidiums, might receive some benefit from 
occasional weak doses. 

Orchid houses should be well built in open, 
light and airy positions. Failures were often 
due to lack of these essential points, and not 
always for want of care on the part of the 
grower. 

The finest results in cultivating Orchids 
were obtained when the natural conditions 
were reproduced as near as circumstances 
would allow. 


ROVAL MHORTICULTURAL~ SOCIETY. 


December 3rd, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart. Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. 
Gurney Wilson, J. Wilson Potter, R. G. 
Thwaites, F. Sander, R. A. Rolfe, T. Arm- 
strong, A. McBean, C. H. Curtis, W. Cobb, 
J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, 
fee oni, El G: Alexander, A: Dye, W. P. 
Bound, W. Bolton, de B. Crawshay, and J. S. 
Moss. 


Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), 
exhibited the unique Vanda coerulea San- 
dere with two spikes of clear magenta-pink 
flowers, having very little trace of the usual 
blue. It received a First-class Certificate, 
November 22nd, 1910. 

Messrs. Jas. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, 
received a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting exhibit of Zygopetalum Mackay, which 
had been raised from seed obtained by 
crossing this species with Odontoglossum 


94 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


crispum; no sign of the latter parent was 
visible. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an attrac- 
tive exhibit of excellent Cypripediums, the 
rare Govenia Gardineri, Lycaste lanipes, 
several Cattleya and Lelio-Cattleya varieties, 
and other hybrids. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hull, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a very 
pretty group of various species and hybrids, 
including Odontoglossum — ardentissimum 
“Pitt’s var.,” Multonia Bleuana, the rare 
Maxillaria Hubschu, and many good Lelio- 
Cattleyas. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a well- 
arranged group containing Lelio-Cattleya 
Rubens, the white Calanthe Harrisu, Zygo- 
petalum crinitum, and a dark form of Lelia 
anceps Schrodere. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
showed the new Cymbidium Doris and a very 
fine form of Wiganianum. Several promising 
Cattleya seedlings and Cypripediums were 
also exhibited. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, staged a number of attractive Cypri- 
pediums, in the centre of which was a grand 
specimen Angraecum sesquipedale. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
exhibited a selection of choice Cypripediums 
and a good specimen of Vanda suavis. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Orchid Dene, Twy- 
ford, staged Leelio-Cattleya Myrrha (L.-C. 
Gottoiana x C. aurea), sepals and petals prim- 
rose-yellow, the latter freckled with rose at 
the tips. Lip dull purple. 

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, Blen- 
heim Palace (gr. Mr. Hunter), sent Cypri- 
pedium Beatrice (aureum Hyeanum x Memoria 
Jerninghamie), a large flower with the white 
dorsal flushed in the centre with purple. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South 
Woodford, exhibited the elegant Cypripedium 
Leeanum “J. Gurney Fowler,’ Odonto- 
glossum Lambeauianum, and Odontioda 
Latona. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, Enfield, staged Cypripedium Eva 


{ January, 1913: 


(aureum Hyeanum x Memoria Jerninghamie). 
Messrs. Swan and Price, Keyfield Nursery, 
St. Albans, staged a small group of choice 
Cypripediums. 
AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Lelio-Cattleya Golden Oriole “ var. Ruby ” 
(L.-C. Charlesworthu x C. aurea), from Lieut.- 
Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., Weston- 
birt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander)—A very 
remarkable and beautiful result, in which the 
yellow flower is almost covered with rich 
claret-red colour, the petals being more 
heavily covered than the sepals. 

Odontioda Latona “Fowler’s variety ” 
(Odontioda Bradshawize x Odontoglossum 
crispo-Harryanum), from J. Gurney Fowler, 
E'sq., Glebelands, South Wcodford.—A very 
suiprising result in which the scarlet-red 
colour of the former parent is almost 
eliminated. The ground colour is white, the 
sepals and petals having a broad rose margin, 
the inner parts heavily blotched with mauve 
having a slight reddish tinge. The hp has a 
large reddish blotch, and the crest is yellow. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Viking (Buchanianum x 
illustre), from Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, 
K.C.V.O.—A very distinct hybrid having a 
broad, wax-like dorsal sepal with a violet- 
purple band up the centre. Petals and lip 
Indian yellow tinged with brown. 

Cypripedium Eurybiades (Euryades x Alci- 
biades), from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., 
K.C.V.O., Burford——-A large, bold flower 
having a pure white dorsal marked with 
emerald-green at its base, and evenly spotted 
with purple. Lip and petals yellowish and 
tinged with dark purple. 

Sophrocattlelia Carna (L.-C. Cappeix 
S.-L. heatonensis), from Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co.—A very remarkable combina- 
tion of coloration, flower of large size, and 
exhibiting varied tints of bright magenta-rose. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


to Mr. W. H. White, Orchid grower to Sir 
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., for a fine specimen 
of Sigmatostalix radicans. 


January, 1913.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 95 


December 17th, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. J. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, and 
Messrs. T. Armstrong, A. McBean, F. J. 
Hanbury, CoH Curtis, WH: Hatcher, J. 
Shill, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, Stuart Low, 
W. H. White, J. Charlesworth, W. Bolton, 
Gurney Wilson, and de Barri Crawshay. 

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., 
exhibited Cymbidium gattonense (Tracyanum 
x Lowianum), a strong growing plant. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
showed Cypripedium Artemis (nitens x 
Fairrieanum), a clear, greenish-yellow flower 
with drooping petals. 

Clement Moore, Esq., Hackensack, N.J., 
U.S.A., staged Cattleya A. Dimmock (aurea 
x Lawrenceana). See ORCHID WORLD, 
page 13. 

Francis Wellesley, Esg., exhibited Cypri- 
pedium Delhi Gnsigne Harefield Hall x Earl 
of Tankerville), a very pleasing flower. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., staged Odontoglossum 
Prince Albert, with reddish-brown markings 
on a white ground; Od. St. Peter (Rolfez 
~Geamanile)* Od. Pheebuss (Phocbe-~ x 
Vuylstekei), with crimson-red flowers; and 
Od. St. Mirim (ardentissimum x Pescatorei). 

Messrs. . Charlesworth and Co. showed 
Oncidium hybridum (tigrinum x  lamelli- 
gerum) with chrome-yellow lip and chocolate- 
brown sepals. 

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., exhibited Cypripedium 
Mrs. Harry Bruce (Sallieri virens x Thomp- 
soni), the large flower yellowish-green, 
dorsal margined with white. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. staged Lelio- 
Cattleya meirelbeckense (L. Iona x C. aurea), 
reddish-terra-cotta with maroon lip. 

Richd. G. Thwaites, Esq., exhibited Odon- 
toglossum Thwaitesee (Rossii rubescens x 
Harryanum), flowers resembling the former 
parent. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Sophrocattlelia Miss Edith d’Abrew var. 
“Thisbe” (S.-L. heatonensis x C. Iris), from 
F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq. The Shrubbery, 


Oxford—A very wonderful hybrid in which 
the whole flower is a bright blood-red colour, 
the lip slightly darker than the other seg- 
ments. The underlying yellow pigment 
derived from the C. Iris is faintly visible on 
parts of the sepals. The original plant of 
this parentage was shown by R. le Doux, 
Esq., Manchester Orchid Society, November 
30th, IQrt. 

Cypripedium Demeter (G. F. Moore x 
Thompsonu), from Lieut.-Col. Sir George 
Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. 
Alexander)—A large, bold flower with the 
dorsal sepal marked with dark purple spots, 
the broad petals rich brown. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Sir William Chance (Thomp- 
sonu x Memoria Jerninghamie), from F. 
Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking —A very 
distinct flower in which the white dorsal has 
purple and brown central lines, the broad 
petals yellow with an over-tint of brown. 

Sophro-Cattleya westfieldensis (C. labiata 
x S.-C. eximia), from F. Wellesley, Esq.— 
The whole flower is almost uniform in colour, 
being of soft rose-purple 

Odontoglossum scintillans “Orchid Dene 
var.” (Rossu x Wilckeanum), from E. H. 
Davidson, Esq., Twyford.—Flowers of a rich 
rose-purple, petals spotted, lip with large 
crimson blotch under the yellow crest. 

Oncidioda cinnabarina (C. Noezliana x 
O. monachicum), from Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co.—An interesting hybrid with a many- 
flowered spike of red flowers, the apex of the 
lip being yellow. 

Odontoglossum eximium “J. Lakin,” from 
E. H. Davidson, Esq.—Flowers handsomely 
blotched. The spike carried 14 blooms. 

Cypripedium Idina (nsigne Harefield Hall 
x Countess of Carnarvon), from Messrs. 
Veitch and Sons.—Flower very large with 
the broad dorsal sepal improving on the 
former parent. 

Cattleya Tityus (Enid x Octave Doin), 
from H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney 
(gr. Mr. G. Day)—tThe large flower of this 
elegant hybrid has broad segments of rose- 
colour, the lip purple. 


g6 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Odontoglossum Jasper, from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq.—F lowers well formed and with 
a bright rose-purple ground colour, the even 
spotting being eifective. 

A smali Lindley Medal was given to Mr. 
Dye for a well-grown plant of Phalznopsis 
intermedia Portei which had been in cultiva- 
tion for a period of 32 years. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 
was awarded to Mr. W. H. White for a 


specimen Platyclinis uncata with 68 flower- 
spikes. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


November 28th, 1912. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. Gn the chair), Messrs R. Ash- 
worth, J. Bamiber, J- '(C. Cowan) |) Cyphers 
Evans, W. Hatcher, W. Holmes, J. Lupton, 
D. McLeod, W. Morgan, C. Parker) Fok 
Sander, El Whorp, A. Warburton, and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. Ash- 
worth, Esq., Newchurch. A Large Silver 
Medal to Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden ; Col. 
J. Rutherford, Blackburn; A. Warburton, 
Esq., Haslingden; J. McCartney, “Esq: 
Bolton; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range; 
A. E. Penny, Esq., Preston; Messrs. Cypher 
and Sons, Cheltenham. A Large Bronze 
Medal to Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le- 
Moors; and a Special Vote of Thanks to 
O. O. Wrigley, Esq. 

Other exhibitors included W. J. Har- 
greaves, Esq., Burnley; F. A. Hindley, Esq,., 
Bradford; Messrs. Sander and Sons; Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons; and Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co. 


AWARDS. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cypripedium Maudie var. John Martendale 
Gratrix, a large handsome flower of brilliant 
colour, from S. Gratrix, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT 


Cypripedium Mary Gratrix, from S. Gratrix, 
Esq.; Cyp. Draco and Od. crispum “ Bulgar,” 
from Z. A. Ward, Esq.; Cyp. Strelsa, from 


[January, 1913. 


W. R. Lee, Esq.; Cyp. Bulgar, from Wm. 
Thom, Junr., Esq.; Lycaste cruenta, from 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons. 

Botanical Certificate to Eria species, from 
Messrs. Keeling and Sons. 

December 5th, 1912. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. Cypher, A. Hanmer, 
W. . Holmes, J. Lupton, D. « Mcizeod; “@ 
Parker, Z. A. Ward, A. Warburton, and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

A Gold Medal was awarded to Mr. E. 
Rogers, gardener to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., 
Bury, for the meritorious group exhibited 
by him at the previous meeting. 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to 
A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden ; Z. A. Ward, 
Esq., Northenden; R. Ashworth, Esq., New- 
church; S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range; 
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; and 
Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. 

A Silver Medal was granted to J. McCart- 
ney, Esq., Bolton; and Bronze Medals to 
G. H. Peace, Esg., Monton Grange; and 
FP. Ay Hindley, sq Greatehiorton 

Wm. Thompson, Esq. Walton Grange; 
Mr. H. Arthur, Blackburn; Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, St. Albans; and Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons, Bradford, also exhibited 
various plants. 


AWARDS. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Lion (Boadicea x  Sallieri 
Hyeanum) and Cypripedium Queen Maud 
(Harefield x ?), from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Cynosura (parentage  un- 
known), from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale, from 
Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

FIRST-CLASS BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE. 


Masdevallia cucullata, from A. J. Keeling 
and Sons. 
CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. 
Mr. A. Dalgleish, gr. to A. Warburton, Esq., 
for Cypripedium insigne “ MacNabianum.” 
Mr. J. Howes, gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq., 
for Cypripedium Our King, 


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SOReHID WORLD. 


FEBRUARY, 1913. 


ML es sek ee 
<r oo ee 


NOW-ES. 


MAXILLARIA FUCATA—Those who culti- 
vate this attractive species will recognise in 
the bloom the truth of Reichenbach’s words 
when he first saw the flower. He remarked: 
“T could not help remembering some harle- 
quins I had seen with the paint not quite 
washed off their faces.” 


¥ 


ww Ww 


CATASETUM DARWINIANUM.—In the col- 
lection of photographs shown at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, January 7th, by Mr. 
C. P. Raffill, was one of Catasetum Darwin- 
ianum bearing three kinds of flowers on the 
same spike. The three upper ones were male, 
the lower pair being female, one with the lip 
anterior, and the other posterior. 

¥y 


vy 
$a 


uy 


ORCHIDS OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA—A 
recent issue of the Journal of the Linnean 
Society contains “ Additions to the Flora of 
Western and North-Western Australia,” by 
Dr. K. Domin, Professor of Botany in the 
Bohemian University at Prague. The species 
and varieties in the Orchidacee consist of 
Thelymitra, 4; Diuris, 4; Microtis, 1; Ptero- 
stylis, 1; Lyperanthus, 1; Glossodia, 2; and 
Caladenia, 12. Caladenia Dorrienu, a new 
species figured and described by Dr. Domin, 
is named in honour of Capt. A. A. Dorrien- 
Smith, who discovered the plant when on a 
botanising expedition to West Australia, 
October, 1909. 


VOL. IIl. 


VANDA CC@ERULEA ALBUM.—Flowers of a 
beautiful variety of this species have been 
received from Capt. Robert Twiss, Bird Hill, 
Limerick. The plant consists of four growths, 
and has been under cultivation in this collec- 
tion for many years. Last season it produced 
eight strong spikes, one of which kad 15 
flowers. These blooms are weli-proportioned 
and, with the exception of a light blue pig- 
ment on the lip, are pure white, the variety 
coming true every year. The apical flower 
differs from the others in having a white lip, 
but this may probably be due to some irrita- 
tion of the stigmatic surface or of the pollen, 
it being a noticeable fact that the colour of 
flowers rapidly fades as soon as pollination is 
effected. One may reasonably infer from 
this that colour has for its main object the 
attraction of insects for the purpose of 
pollination. 


LALIA JESSICA.—An example of this pretty 
hybrid between L. Jongheana and L. Coronet 
(cinnabarina x harpophylla) comes from the 
collection of Eustace F. Clark, Esq. In size, 
it measures four inches across both petals, the 
lip prettily frilled at the margin, and with the 
shoulders openly displayed. The particular 
interest attached to this flower is its bright 
ochre-yellow colour, which is denser on the 
labellum, largely owing to the Jongheana 
influence, for, as is well known, this latter 
species has elegant yellow coloration of its 


I2 


98 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


labellum. A few of these yellow flowering 
hybrids produce a most pleasing effect when 
arranged in a group of large mauve and 
purple tinted flowers. 


PARTHENOGENESIS IN ZYGOPETALUM 
MACKAYI—The well-known fact that Zygo- 
petalum Mackayi when pollinated with 
Odontoglossum crispum produces seedlings 
which appear to be in every way identical 
with the Zygopetalum parent has long been 
known. Mr. J. S. Moss, of Bishop’s Waltham, 
acquired one of these plants and again 
pollinated it with Od. crispum ; the seedlings 
flowered in due course, and were precisely 
similar to the mother parent. Not content 
with this second conclusive result Mr. Moss 
again set to work and raised a third genera- 
tion, the flowers of which also showed no 
other evidence than that of Zygopetalum 
Mackayi. Still one more attempt has been 
made to produce a hybrid between these two 
species, Mr. Moss informing us that he has 
now seedlings of the fourth generation. It is 
worthy of note that all the above plants are 
really the species known botanically as Z. 
intermedium, which often does duty in 
gardens for the rare and smaller flowering 
true Z. Mackayi, easily distinguished by its 
lp being entirely without hairs. It seems 
quite apparent that no actual hybridisation 
takes place, the application of the crispum 
pollen in some way stimulates the ovules into 
growth, and nothing but the Zygopetalum, 
pure and simple, is produced. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM EvA—Flowers of this 
pretty hybrid between cirrhosum and Kegel- 
jani come from the collection of C. J. Lucas, 
Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham. The ground 
colour is golden-yellow, and the segments are 
handsomely marked with chocolate. The 
spike carried 28 flowers. 


‘Gs CoM 
YY YY ¥y 


Mr. G. PANsonN.—The employés of Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. have presented Mr. 
Anson with an oak cabinet on the occasion 
of his leaving the firm. Mr. I’Anson has 


[February, 1913. 


made Orchids a life-long study, and he will 
be pleased to hear from anyone requiring his 
services as grower in either private or trade 
collections. 

ww @ 

GHENT EXHIBITION, 1913.—The following 
English Orchidists have been selected to act 
as members of the Jury at this important 
quinquennial exhibition:—Sir Jeremiah Col- 
man, Bart., Sir Harry Veitch, Sir Fred. Moore, 
H. G. Alexander, C. H. Curtis, de Barri 
Crawshay, Stuart Low, J) O%smen iiew: 
Pitt, F. Sander, and Gurney Wilson—La 
Tribune Horticole. 


LAELIA GOUL.DIANA. 


A few days prior to Christmas Day, 1887, 
I walked into the nursery of Messrs. Siebrecht 
and Wadley, in New York, accompanied by 
Fostermann, one of the most successful of the 
Sanderian Orchid collectors, but who, at that 
time, was manager for Messrs. Sander’s 
branch establishment at New York. Foster- 
mann had previously told me that Messrs. 
Siebrecht and Wadley had in flower a Lelia 
which had been seen by both British and 
American Orchidists, none of whom could 
determine whether it was, or not, a variety 
of Lelia autumnalis. 

When Mr. Siebrecht ushered me into a long 
greenhouse containing hundreds of spikes of 
this Lelia laden with the most brilliant 
crimson-purple flowers I was, to say the least, 
greatly astonished. I saw at once that this 
was our new Lelia, for one cannot easily 
mistake the plant of L. Gouldiana ; it is dis- 
tinct from all others, and quite dissimilar to 
L. autumnalis in its round, elongated, erect 
pseudo-bulbs, and the stiff, tapering channelled 
leaves. 

I was at once convinced of the identity of 
the plant with our own, the result being that 
I purchased Messrs. Siebrecht and Wadley’s 
stock. I am perfectly sure this is a distinct 
species, very local. My first sight of this 
beautiful Laelia in flower was one never to be 
forgotten, the great number of flowers, so rich 
in colour, and produced in mid-winter, made a 
lasting impression upon me. 

JOSEPH GODSEFF 


February, r1913.| DEE TORCHID™ WORLD: 99 


Lelia Gouldiana, flowering at Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans. 


LAELIA GOULDIANA. 


THE CHRISTMAS LALIA. 


Messrs. Sander and Sons’ houses as it 
appeared on Christmas Day, with 
more than 7,000 flowers of Lelia Gouldiana, 
without doubt the finest display of this species 
ever seen. The spikes carry from four to 
seven flowers, and there are a few extra 


as above photograph shows one of 


strong ones which have as many as eight. 
This is their second season of flowering after 
importing, and owing to the dulness of the 
past summer, the result may be considered 
satisfactory in every way. The plants will 
gain considerably in strength during the 
present year, which will result in an even 
better crop of flowers being produced next 
Christmas. 

This Orchid is undoubtedly one of the very 
best for cut flowers, for not only does it bloom 
at Christmas and the New Year, a time when 
Orchid bloom is in the greatest demand, but 
it gives such an abundance of its large, 


elowing crimson-purple flowers on compara- 
tively small plants. 

Mr. Forget, one of Messrs. Sander and 
Sons’ expert collectors, recently found this 
Mexican Lelia growing on rough-barked and 
sturdy Acacias, although a few were also 
found growing on exposed rocks and on a 
species of Quercus. The plants form 
enormous masses, so large that many of them 
had to be divided into portable pieces before 
they could be placed on the backs of mules 
previous to transportation to the coast. The 
root system is particularly vigorous. 

Mexican Leelias include anceps, autumnalis, 
albida, furfuracea, grandiflora, rubescens, and 
Gouldiana. Their natural climate allows them 
plenty of sunshine and fresh air, and for culti- 
vation in this country conditions very similar 
to those found successful for Cactus growing 
will prove beneficial, although a very slight 
amount of shading may be required during 
the middle of summer, but then only for a 
few hours during the brightest part of the day. 
Plenty of ventilation, both by night and day, 
should always be given during the growing 
season and ripening time of the bulbs. 


100 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


LISSOCHIEUS 


HIS terrestrial Orchid of Uganda is 
known to Orchid fanciers in England 
by an occasional specimen exhibited. 

Out here it is found naturally in swamps, but 
the photographs shown 
are of a specimen grown 
in the soil of an earth 
verandah ; in conditions 
absolutely opposite to 
those the plant enjoys in 
its natural surroundings. 

Thetuber was obtained 
in a dormant state from 
a swamp, and laid on 
the verandah to dry. 
It inadvertently slipped 
out of sight, and, to my 
surprise, a very fine 
growth soon made its 
appearance. The plant 
received no care, and, 
although 
such a dry place, was 
never watered. In due 


growing in 


time two fine trusses of 
flowers were produced. 

The plant produced a 
tuft of plicate leaves 
3 feet long and 4 inches 
wide. As soon as the 
leaves were full-grown 
the flower spikes ap- 
peared. These were 
two in number, each 
8 feet long, and bore 
48 and 47 flowers. 

The first flowers opened on August 10th 
and the last on October 30th, a range of ten 
weeks, during which time the plant was a 
glorious object. The flowers are 2 inches in 
diameter. Petals a pale rose colour, lip free, 
with large lobes, green, streaked with purplish- 
crimson. 

The photograph shows two seed pods on 
one spike. These were obtained by artificial 
fertilisation, for I found that although flowers 
in a swamp 200 yards away were freely 
fertilised, evidently a swamp insect was the 


~~) 
ie 


[February, 1913. 


HORSFALLII. 


agent, and this insect did not frequent the 
hill-top where my house is situated. This 
leads one to believe that this Orchid 1s 
not really a swamp-loving plant, but only 


Lissochilus Horsfallii. 


succeeds in living and multiplying there 
because of the presence of its fertilising agent. 
The great superiority of my plant, in luxuri- 
ance and floriferousness, lends weight to this 
opinion. 

It would be interesting to learn how English 
growers treat their plants, and to hear the 
result of trying more ordinary cultivation, if 
swamp conditions are copied by them at 
present. 

E. BRowN, F.LS., 
Kivuvu, Uganda. 


February, 1913.| THE ORCHID 


The adjoining photograph 
shows one of the flower 
spikes of the vigorous plant 
depicted on the preceding 
page. Luissochilus Horsfallu 
bears the name of Mr. Hors- 
fall, of Bellamour Hall, Staf- 
fordshire, with whom _ the 
species first flowered in 1804, 
and although plants may 
have been imported since 
this date, it does not appear 
to have flowered again in 
Engiand until 1900, when 
the Right Hon. Jord Roths- 
child exhibited four flower- 
ing specimens at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, March 
Oth, and received a Silver- 
gilt Flora Medal, with a 
First-class Certificate for the 
species. These plants were 
imported from West Africa 
by the Hon. Walter Roths- 
child, whose method of cul- 
ture consisted in treating 
them as river-bank plants by 
growing the tubers in tubs 
of water, to which frequent 
applications of manure-water 
were given. The resulting 
flower-spikes were five feet 
in height and carried a large 
number of blossoms. In the 
early part of the year 1910 
we hear of this species 
flowering at the Royal Gar- 
dens, Kew, when a flower- 
spike six feet in height was produced. 


BULBOPHYLLUM AND CIRRHOPETALUM.— 
The species of Bulbophyllum and = Cirr- 
hopetalum are so allied by cross affinities, 
states Sir Joseph Hooker in his “Flora of 
British India,” that the two genera might well 
be regarded as one. My keeping them apart 
is due to the consideration of convenience, 
and the fact that all my attempts to commuingle 


VOL. III. 


Lissochilus 


WORLD. LOI 


Horsfallii, the flower spike. 


the species of both have resulted in a chaotic 
aggregate, with most unsatisfactory sectional 
characters; in fact, a far less natural result 
than the keeping them apart. The species of 
Cirrhopetalum are far the most difficult of 
the two, as regards analysis from dried 
specimens, on account of the delicacy of the 
perianth, and the fact that the length, form, 
colour, and consistence of the lateral sepals 
alter greatly during development. C. viridi- 
florum and C. Blepharistes have the longer 
dorsal sepal of Bulbophyllum. 


13 


102 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


DENDROBIUM BRYMERIANUM. 


HEN Dendrobium Brymerianum 
NV flowered for the first time nearly 
forty years ago in the collection of 
Mr. W. E. Brymer, of Islington House, near 
Dorchester, it created one of those sensations 
which occasionally diffuse themselves through- 
out the Orchidaceous world. A brief and 
interesting story in connection with the 
introduction of this species is told in Messrs. 
Sander and Sons’ monumental work “ Reich- 
enbachia.” 

“This species is a native of Burmah, and 
Orchid collecting in that country some years 
ago was by no means an agreeable occupa- 
tion. The collectors had a warm time of it 
in more ways than one, owing to the rivalry 
of the missionaries established there, and who 
to some extent knew the value of Orchids. 
They did not accord a genial welcome to a 
stranger in search of them; indeed, they 
forbade him to leave the town of Bhamo, 
and he was, therefore, obliged to hire natives 
to procure plants. "it Smay » be sreadily: 
imagined that the collector was not in the 
best humour, having nothing to do all day 
long but flying from one to another of the 
four gates, by which the town of Bhamo was 
entered, in the hope of seeing one of his 
agents with the much-wished-for plants. The 
proceedings were occasionally enlivened when 
one of the said agents was intercepted just 
outside the gates, and had all his plants taken 
away from him. These little incidents often 
led to anything but edifying scenes between 
the collector and the missionaries or their 
agents. However, some Orchids—among 
them Brymerianum—were sent to England, 
probably by the missionaries. No descriptions 
being given the plants were consequently 
sold for a small sum, nobody suspecting for 
a moment that anything remarkable was 
among them. Mr. Brymer was fortunate to 
obtain some of these, and we can understand 
his feelings when he flowered the plant which 
has immortalised his name in Orchid circles.” 

This species being a native of Burmah 
requires a moist atmosphere and a fairly 


high temperature to ensure successful growth. 


[February, 1913. 


THE NOMENCLATURE, @F 
CYPRIPEDIUMS: 


N a recent impress of the ORCHID WORLD 
| I suggested that all Orchids, the progeny 
of varieties, should receive florist names, 
their pedigree being disregarded except for 
reference. A “Southerner,” in a courteous 
letter, replies to the effect that we should 
retain the family name and distinguish the 
offspring by adding a varietal name. 

As far as I can understand he would retain 
and record the pedigree in the name. Does 
he think that this mode will extricate us from 
the tangle? How much easier would it be to 
give the pedigree name the go-by, and style 
the hybrid such as a rose-grower would his 
new variety of rose, keeping and recording 
for public information or for private use the 
parentage. 

On the page opposite “ Southerner’s ” letter 
appears an apt illustration. Lieut -Col. Sir 
George Holford shows, and receives an award, 
for a new Cypripedium, which he calls Viking, 
just as a rose-grower might style a new rose 
“Sea Foam” or “Fairy Queen.” Accom- 
panying the description of Viking we are 
informed of its pedigree—a useful addition. 

Viking becomes a family name. I have no 
doubt but we shall get in time Viking 
superbum—a little improvement on Viking. 
Someone will discover a superbum differing 
shghtly, and will call it Viking superbum 
Jones’ variety. Thus every time we allude to 
this hybrid the long name hangs about it. 
There exist Orchids after this style, the 
names of which are often hard to pronounce, 
and sometimes the educated have a scruple of 
pronouncing them at all, for example, Cypri- 
pediwme Actaews revoluta. Why not abclish 
this anomaly. If a distinct seedling comes 
out of the Viking seed-pod call it a name unto 
itself, such as Siegbert, and add for infor- 
mation only that it belongs to the Viking 
section. 

Regarding the deprecation of Major Hurst 
in alluding to the practice of stating 
parentages in fractions, I may be permitted to 
remark, as one who has had nearly twenty-five 
years’ experience in breeding, accompanied 


February, 1913.] THE ORCHID 


by some little success in. competition, that it 
is not the analysis in fractions that is 
erroneous, but the undue insistence sometimes 
placed on the value of these fractions as a 
basis for breeding. 

Ts not Major Hurst’s statement of fact— 
that characters segregate in the second 
generation—rather misleading? Do _ char- 
acters segregate at all? After perusing 
Professor Bateson’s and Professor Punnett’s 
beautiful little books on Mendelism and com- 
paring them with the closely reasoned treatise 
on the laws of heredity by Dr. Reid, IT am 
still inclined to be of the opinion that 
characters blend. Some theorists on genetics 
may state their opinion that characters segre- 
gate, others that they blend, in succeeding 
generations, but no one may correctly state 
either to be a proved fact. 

JOHN CROMBLEHOLME. 


ORCHID BREEDING. 


DOMINANCE OF L&@&LIA Cowant-—lIn 
reference to the remark of Major Hurst (p. 85) 
that L. Cowani so far appears to give all 
yellow selfs with both coloured and albino 
forms. I have already flowered L.-C. Oriens 
(Tnane x Cowanu) which had a_ beautiful 
flower with a nice crimson front lobe to the 
lip. The first Oriens, I believe, came plain, 
from which [| gather that Major Hurst infers 
that L. Cowanu gives hybrids without the 
usual crimson when crossed with coloured 
Cattleyas, but I fear this is a premature 
conclusion.—Eustace ff. Clark, Evershot 


BLOTCHED CRISPUMS.—I am sorry to say I 
do not quite agree with Major Hurst regard- 
ing his method of obtaining a_ blotched 
crispum by crossing crispum with Wilckeanum 
(crispum x luteopurpureum). This will produce 
mirum, and in crossing these plants again 
there will always arise the risk of obtaining 
some yellow ones amongst the seedlings. In 
former days, when several blotched crispums 
were crossed with blotched crispums, and so 
many bad and white varieties were obtained, 
I think the crispums used as parents were not 
heavily blotched enough, or sufficiently well 


WORLD. 103 


coloured. My personal experience has been 
that when using crispum Mossiz, ove of the 
heaviest blotched crispums ever seen, all the 
seedlings are blotched. Crispum Mossiz may 
have hybrid blood in it, but it certainly is not 
luteopurpureum, the colour being port wine.— 


ie S. Moss, Bishop's Waltham. 


CYPRIPEDIUM LEEANUM.—Mr. Hunter, 
Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke of 
Marlborough, has recently flowered a large 
and bold type of Cypripedium Leeanum, 
which has been produced by crossing together 
Leeanum giganteum and Leeanum Laver- 
tonianum. Two plants from the resulting 
seed-pod have so far flowered. The first gave 
a very deformed bloom ; the second, although 
slightly deformed, produced a flower in all 
other respects superior to either parent. In 
this we have an example of Major Hurst's 
suggestion to mate together two similar 
hybrids. An increase in the size of the flower 
has certainly been produced, but the deformity 
1s not encouraging. 


THE RE-MAKING OF A BLOTCHED 
CRISPUM. 


MO LOOKS S Paper, im ts 
MI second half (p. 82), will go far to 
convince even the most obdurate 
opponent of a crispum being a hybrid, and, 
personally, | am naturally very pleased to 
welcome his reasoning hereon, which certainly 
very unreservedly endorses what I have 
stated, in and out of season, for many years 
past. I thank him cordially, and am glad to 
see him on my side, for he has made it a 
deep and interesting study, and though he 
may be too absolute in the Mendelian results, 
we can travel a long way together on the 
same road. 

While agreeing with the process of Nature 
making a blotched crispum, I do not think 
it possible that the resulting hybrids all 
behave in the regular arithmetical manner 
that Major Hurst lays down, because the 
plain crispum must have had some coloured 
blooded ancestors, and hence a latent germ 
would upset the regular order of sectional 
division. 


104 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Then as regards the crossing of Wilcke- 
anum with plain crispum, I think the propor- 
tion of white would be more than one in 
four, because it 1s sometimes greater than 
that when a blotched crispum is used. As 
I said in the discussion of the Paper, the 
mortality among the seeds and infantile 
plants is a very disturbing factor in all these 
calculations, and I do not see how it can 
be obviated or reduced to an absolute 
proportion of various forms. 

Take a parallel cross in Odontoglossum 
amabile, which bears the same analogy in its 
descent from Harryanum as mirum does from 
luteopurpureum, I do not think the proportion 
of one blotched and one plain of both yellow 
and white grounds has been at all proved. 
Personally I have bloomed a great many 
plants of amabile, but have never vet had 
a plain white or a plain yellow one (I wish 
I could get a well-formed one, it would be 
worth having), and as far as I hear from 
other raisers I have no knowledge of one, 
Here, I think, we have a strong point against 
the arithmetical proportions of the Mendelian 
theory in these complex hybrids. 

There are five different possible ways in 
Nature’s workshop of making a_ blotched 
crispum, as she could have produced them 
with the aid of luteopurpureum, gloriosum, 
and Lindleyanum, from the old Pacho 
districts, and with triumphans and Hunne- 
wellianum from the newer Chiquinquira 
habitats. I use these terms geographically 
to indicate the two great divisions of Odonto- 
elossum crispum. 

The hybridist has raised crispums from 
plants containing all these five species in 
their ancestry, and the resulting seedlings 
in many cases unmistakably prove their 
influence. By far the greatest number of 
blotched crispums emanated from the districts 
where Hunnewellianum grows mixed with 
crispum, while those resulting from the 
habitats containing luteopurpureum were 
quite a few compared to these later intro- 
duced forms. 

It has been proved every time that any 
pair of blotched imported crispums will throw a 
large quantity of unspotted forms. Therefore, 


[February, 1913. 


I can hardly think that Franz Masereel, 
Leonard Perfect, Lindenu, Victoria Regina, 
Rossendale, Luciani, Alphonso, and Craw- 
shayanum all result from a cross between a 
blotched and white form as is presumed by 
Major Hurst. 

The result of crossing two seedling blotched 
crispums has yet to be seen, and according 
to the laws Mendelian the results should be 
all blotched. I hope it will prove true, but 
I fear it will not be so by a long way, for if 
we could raise such fine things as King 
George V., St. Fuscien, and others of the 
first rank, in quantity, it would be a decidedly 
pleasant thing to have achieved. 

Major Hurst appears to consider the 
blotched character of a crispum should be 
permanently fixed in ¢Aree generations. I 
sincerely hope he is correct and that I am 
the reverse, but I fear even the third crossing 


will give a lot of reversion to plain, unspotted 
forms. 


THE MAKING OF A SCARLET 
CRISPUM. 


Major Hurst thinks we have been slow 
herein, but he knows that Nature does not 
do just all we think she ought to do at our 
bidding. In some of the latest Odontiodas 
we are getting near the size of a crispum, 
but as yet we have not eliminated the 
blotching on the red ground of the largest 
derived from crispum and Pescatorei. Doubt- 
less there are many seedlings growing now, 
the result of unspotted crispums crossed with 
Cochlioda Noezliana, and in due time these 
will tell if this is the way to produce the 
Scarlet crispum. 

The only one that I know thus crossed is 
Odontioda Bradshawie Cookson’s var., which 
Mr. Chapman states was raised from a fine 
unspotted crispum, but it is by no means a 
pure scarlet crispum, as there is a great deal 
of lilac in it, almost violet; of course, there 
may have been a gocd deal of purple sap in 
the crispum used. 

Regarding the crimson crispum and Major 
Hurst’s way of producing it, I may state that 
Odontioda rosefieldiensis (C. N. x triumphans 


February, 1913.| THE ORCHID WORLD. 105 


Lionel Crawshay) and Odontioda Lutetia 
(C. N. x luteopurpureum) do not give us 
much encouragement in getting a crimson 
crispum that way, and I fear that triumphans 
Ajax and luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum will 
not help us at all, for all hybrids as yet raised 
from the latter in place of an ordinary dark 
luteopurpureum have proved a darker race 
than those from the darker luteos. I prefer 
a cross of a good unspotted crispum roseum 
with C. Noezliana as the means of getting a 
really crimson crispum, and this is no doubt 
already made. 

These hybrids are daily becoming more 
complex, and, therefore, more interesting, 
and really one life is far too short and narrow 
wherein to work (especially when we begin in 
the latter haif of it) to get a great measure of 
success. But if we all do our utmost thought- 
fully and keep careful records, that will go a 
long way towards having done a great deal 
in the direction of the ends we desire to 
attain. We want a few more earnest 
scientific and practical men combined, as we 
are still short of them. 


January 13th, 1913. DE B. CRAWSHAY. 


ORCHID BREEDING. 


ONSIDERABLE interest is always 
8 attached to the various means by 
which a good hybrid Orchid is 
obtainable, and before going further irto the 
matter it will be desirable to secure a correct 
impression of what a good Orchid really 1s. 
Hybrids of one kind are not compared with 
those of another. That is, no one could 
reasonably express an opinion as to whether 
a certain Cattleya is better than a selected 
Odontioda; all Orchids are compared with 
others of their own kind. Thus, we might 
mark one variety of Cattleya Iris as first-class, 
and, at the same time, distinguish a certain 
Odontioda as second-class, although it is quite 
possible that the latter hybrid might be more 
valuable than the former. We could, how- 
ever, easily determine the merit of either 
hybrid by comparing it with a painting of the 
previous best result of its kind, and this is the 
VOL. Ill. 


recognised method in vogue at the present 
time. 

Now the constitution of a good Orchid 1s 
purely arbitrary; in other words, it is deter- 
mined solely by one’s own judgement. Not 
so many years ago any Odontoglossum having 
a few spots was considered worthy of a 
varietal name; then the blotched forms came 
rapidly to the front; and, shortly after, all 
interest spread into those Odontoglossums, 
now known as Odontiodas, having more or 
less of a scarlet hue inherited from Cochlioda 
Neezliana. It is hardly necessary to remind 
one of the high value which was set upon the 
early Odontiodas ; they were considered first- 
class Orchids of the highest standard. 
To-day, many of these actual plants have 
fallen in dignity to the ranks of ordinary 
Orchids. They have lost none of their 
original shape and colour; in fact, they are 
now stronger and produce finer flowers than 
when they first saw the light of day, yet very 
few of these once famous plants would receive 
the lowest grade of certificate if again 
exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society. 
To those who ask the reason there is but one 
answer—the Orchids remain the same, but 
fashion alters. The logical conclusion is that 
any definite method of breeding, whether 
scientific or otherwise, cannot always prove 
successful. 

It is plainly evident to one and all that the 
essential points of an Odontioda are size and 
colour. Every primary hybrid between an 
Odontoglossum and Cochhoda Noezliana pro- 
duces flowers with the scarlet colour strongly 
inherited, although the amount varies more or 
less in the various parts of the flower, and in 
some flowers it is broken up into blotches by 
the influence of the Odontoglossum parent. 
The chief attraction of these hybrids is the 
scarlet colour; while the ambition of the 
hybridist is to enlarge the flower without 
losing any of this valuable pigment. 

In Odontiodas the colour parent is_ the 
smaller of the two, and whenever the char- 
acters of the hybrids run in the direction of 
this species, as they nearly always do, small 
flowers, but with plenty of colour, are the 
result. 


14 


106 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Two future methods of hybridising usually 
present themselves to the raiser. One 1s to 
mate the primary hybrid with the Cochlioda, 
and the other to mate it with the Odonto- 
glossum parent. It is at once obvious that 
the former would lead us away from our 
object of producing a large scarlet flower, for 
the increased percentage of the Cochlioda in 
the resulting hybrid wouid give a result more 
closely approaching the small ard_ richly 
coloured parent. The second method will 
bring us nearer to our desired object, for in 
this case the Odontoglossum will give the 
requisite percentage of size, and we may 
reasonably expect a considerable impicve- 
ment in this important factor. 

Major Hurst has explained (p. 84) that “the 
common practice of mating the primary 
hybrid back to one of its parents cannot be 
expected to succeed, because such a mating 
implies the presence of a single dose only of 
one of the two characters concerned. By 
such a mating one of the characters 1s secured 
by a double dose at the expense of the other 
which can only have a single dose.” This 
may be scientifically true in every respect, but 
up to the present time sufficient success has 
generally been achieved by this single dose of 
the Cochlioda parent, the reason being that 
its specific strength is so remarkable that 
more is not required. 

Here we may again refer to our previous 
remark concerning the fashion of Orchids, for 
that which proves equal to present-day 
requirements will not be efficient for those in 
the near future. Progress must take place, 
and we are constra:ned to use every available 
method towards its encouragement. 

It is more than probable that we shall often 
require to use a certain highly coloured 
species to its fullest extent, not only in its 
specific form, but also in the various propor- 
tions in which it is frequently encountered. 
No doubt this can best be accomplished in 
the manner suggested by Major Hurst, who 
recommends the process of mating two of the 
primary hybrids together. This is an inter- 
esting subject, and, strange to say, there 
appears to be but little evidence that this 
simple method has been attempted. It would 


[February, 1913. 


not be a difficult matter for anyone to cross 
together two varieties of Odontoglossum 
amabile, or two plants of Odontioda Brad- 
shawie, or even two varieties of Cattleya 
Hardyana. This would certainly prove a 
welcome change from the invariable method 
of mating the primary hybrid back to one of 
its parents. 

It is not to be supposed from the above 
that good results cannot be obtained by 
mating a hybrid with one of its parents. As 
a matter of fact, considerable success has been 
achieved, although largely due to careful fore- 
thought, and not to haphazard work. Cattleya 
Iris (aurea x bicolor) is a very beautiful hybrid 
and created considerable excitement when 
it first appeared. Not content with such 
elegance, Orchid fanciers longed for further 
success, and the hybridist satisfied their wishes 
by producing Cattleya Venus (aurea x Iris). 
Success, in this case, was obtained by mating 
the primary hybrid with one of its parents. 
If C. Iris were mated with its parent bicolor 
we should obtain a large number cf hybrids 
(C. Farquharsoniana) varying in shape and 
colour between bicolor and Iris; but if C. Iris 
were mated with C. aurea we should get 
numerous flowers (C. Venus) varying between 
these two latter parents. Now both these 
crosses might give us hybrids of equal rarity, 
and, from Nature’s probable point of view, 
equal beauty, but from our fashionatle aspect 
of an Orchid no one will deny the premier 
position occupied by C. Venus. 

We have now considered the making of 
two important hybrids. The first, an Odon- 
tioda, in which it was found necessary to per- 
petuate the scarlet colour of one parent and 
the large size of the other to their fullest 
extent by crossing together two primary 
hybrids, generally of similar parentage, 
although this is not absolutely necessary, for 
by this method of mating a double dose of 
each of the two characters, size and colour, 
that the hybridist wishes may best be 
obtained. 

The second example was one in which one 
parent, Cattleya aurea, should be carried for- 
ward in larger proportion than the other, C. 
bicolor. In this case only a small dose of the 


February, 1913.] THE ORCHID 


bicolor was required, and the best results were 
obtained by mating the primary hybrid, C. 
Iris, with its parent, C. aurea, the result being 
C. Venus. 

C. aurea is the largest of the yellow section 
of Cattleyas, but the somewhat weak consti- 
tution of the species and the rather drooping 
nature of the petals does not allow us to call 
the plant perfect from a hybridist’s point of 
view. It is to remedy these defects that the 
mating of the species with C. bicolor has been 
effected, and with what beneficial results 
everyone 1s well acquainted. 


DENDROBIUMS. 
[) sts of br form one of the chief 


supplies of bloom during the month 
of February. When the buds com- 
mence to open care must always be exercised 
with regard to the atmospheric moisture of 
the house, an excess tends to produce spotting 
of the flowers, especially when the night 
temperature is low. The heat of the house 
may be economised at night-time by covering 
the glass with mats or blinds, and by this 
means less heat in the pipes will be required. 
Plants invariably grow better when the neces- 
sary temperature can be maintained without 
much artificial heat. 
Where many Dendrobiums are grown it 1s 
a common practice to bring a few plants into 
extra heat in order that they may open their 
flowers before the remainder of the stock. 
These early flowers are not always equal in 
quality to those of later date, but they prove 
useful by extending the flowering season. 
Plants which have been forced in this way 
are very apt to recommence growth at an 
early date, even before the necessary cultural 
atmosphere has been prepared, consequently 
they will require frequent watching or the 
young growths will very likely damp off. The 
best plan is to remove these early flowered 
plants into a cool and dry atmosphere where 
they may be induced to continue resting for 
a few more weeks. 
Most Dendrobes look their best when 
grown into specimens bearing a hundred or 


WORLD. 107 


more flowers, and a house of such plants 1s a 
magnificent sight. The best and quickest 
method of obtaming large plants is to grow 
the small ones on as rapidly as possible by 
not allowing them to flower, or by removing 
the flowers directly they open. As soon as a 
plant has six or more good bulbs the rhizome 
should be severed at a place that will allow 
two or three bulbs to support each leading 
growth. In this way additional new growths 
will be produced from eyes which would 
otherwise remain dormant. The plant, or 
roots, should not be disturbed in any other 
way, unless repotting is 
operation best deferred unti! root action 
recommences at a later period. 

It is surprising to see how well Dendro- 
biums grow in comparatively small pots, an 
excess of compost appearing very injurious 
to them, and frequently resulting in rapid 
decline of their health. Small propagated 
plants should be placed in pots just large 
enough for an additional bulb to be made. 
The following season more room may be 
given, although it will hardly ever be found 
necessary to allow more than two inches of 
space between the new growth and the rim 
of the pot. All the bulbs should be neatly 
tied to a central stick, and whenever insect 
pests make their appearance never fail to 
destroy them at the earliest opportunity. A 
suitable compost will be found in a mixture of 
one-half fibre, the other half sphagnum moss 
and a few chopped leaves. 

At the commencement of the new growth a 
minimum temperature of 55 degrees will 
suffice, but later on, when the growing season 
is more advanced and frequent syringing of 
the plants is effected, 65 or more degrees will 
be necessary. Bright sunshine will cause a 
rapid and temporary rise of the temperature, 
but apart from this the cultivator should aim 
at a moderate increase of the heat week by 
week as the plants increase in the vigour and 
size of their new bulbs, the highest tempera- 
ture being when the bulb has almcst com- 
pleted its growth. From then onwards 
gradual lowering should occur until the 
minimum autumn temperature of 55 degrees 
is reached. When the plants have entirely 


necessary, an 


108 THE, ORCHID NViORTD: 


ripened their bulbs a dry and airy position 
should be selected for their winter quarters. 

Dendrobiums delight in a hot, moisture- 
laden atmosphere during their growing 
season, and require but little ventilation until 
their bulbs reach maturity. Recent experi- 
ments, however, have shown that these con- 
ditions are not absolutely necessary, many 
excellent specimens having been preduced by 
erowing the plants in a moderate tempera- 
ture, similar to that of the Cattleya house, 
and where daily ventilation has been given. 
Plants grown under these latter ccnditions 
are probably less liable to be attacked by 
disease, but it is doubtful whether their 
flowering result is equal to the older method 
of culture in which abundance of heat and 
moisture is the cmef factor. One thing 
remains certain, no bulb will give good 
flowering results unless it is sufficiently 
ripened during the autumn or close of its 
growing season. 


CULTURE: Ce 
DECIDUOUS ‘CAEANTHES: 


F TER flowering, the bulbs of deciduous 
A Calanthes should be allowed to rest 
in a warm temperature, such as a 
Cattleya house, and near to the glass im crder 
that they may receive all the light possible, 
and also be kept quite dry. As soon as the 
bulbs commence to make new growths at their 
base they should be taken out of the pots and 
the old roots cut away, leaving only just 
enough to steady them when placed in the 
new compost, the most suitable being good 
fibrous loam, with a little dry cow manure, 
fine charcoal and crocks, and a sprinkling of 
coarse sand. 

The bulbs should be firmly potted in rather 
small pots, using a Jiberal amount of drainage, 
over which a little sphagnum moss should be 
placed. The plants should then be placed 
near the light in a Cattleya house, and should 
not receive any water at the roots until the 
latter are working freely in the new compost, 
and then only a small quantity for some time. 
But when the pots are full of roots and the 
foliage is well advanced pienty of water may 


[February, 1913. 


be given. As soon as the flower spikes have 
made good progress, and the foliage begins 
to turn yellow, the water must be gradually 
withheld until the leaves have quite faded. 
From thence onwards the plants will require 
no more water, not even during the time when 
they are in bloom. 

Calanthes should never be syringed, and if 
grown with other plants that zequire this 
operation there must be some arrangement to 
prevent the water reaching them. When the 
plants are in full growth during the summer 
time weak applications of cow manure, twice 
a week, will prove advantageous, but this 
must be discontinued when the bulbs are 
made up and the flower spikes appear. 

J. CYPHER. 


DEcIpUOUS CALANTHES.—Messrs. Cypher 
and Sons have long been famous for their 
skill in the production and arrangement of 
decorative plants and flowers. The photo- 
eraphic illustration in this issue depicts a 
wonderful show of Calanthes flowering in the 
depth of winter at their well-known establish- 
ment at Cheltenham. The species included in 
this group are vestita, with its varieties 
gigantea, luteo-oculata, and rubro-oculata ; 
and Regnieri. The hybrids comprise Veitchu, 
with its varieties alba and Sandhurstiana ; 
Sedenu, and its varieties bella and Harrisu ; 
and Bryan, the latter also known as Wm. 
Murray. 

No matter at what season of the year 
flowers are required the skill of the florist 
seems equal to their production. There are 
many owners of greenhouses who would 
greatly appreciate a winter supply of flowers, 
and nothing could give them greater satisfac- 
tion than a collection of Calanthes. True 
Orchids they are in every sense of the word, 
yet able to be grown under conditions more 
closely approaching greenhouse plants than 
any other species. No very special treatment 
is necessary, consequently everyone may 
obtain highly satisfactory results. At Christ- 
mas time they make a pleasing effect when 
arranged with palms and ferns, and their tall 
and graceful spikes remain in perfection for 
several weeks. 


February, 1913.| 


IMs 


ORCHID 


WORLD, 


109 


Deciduous Calanthes at Messrs. ]. Cypher G& Sons, Cheltenham, January, 1913. 


1 fe) tHE ORCHID 


WORLD. [February, 1913. 


ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. 


HE amateur who has but little spare 
time, and is unable to afford the prac- 
tical assistance of an experienced 

gardener, naturally desires to select plants 
which will give the best results under the 
somewhat limited means at his disposal. On 
the one hand, he requires plants likely to 
produce a fair amount of bloom ; on the other, 
he does not wish to possess those that make 
a gorgeous show for a few days and then fade 
away. The smallness of his greenhouse 
compels him to select plants that will look 
neat and green throughout the year, for he is 
without the resting houses often seen in large 
establishments. Again, he never desires to 
attempt competition at the important flower 
shows, his only and earnest ambition being 
to produce a few flowers during every week 
of the year. 

Now such ambitions are in the minds of 
many hopeful amateurs who often attempt 
the culture of plants which in the hands of 
experienced growers frequently fail to give 
good results. How then can a beginner reap 
success? More than one amateur has given 
up the culture of Orchids by reason of 
beginning in too ambitious a manner, his 
early hopes are extinguished, patience gives 
way, and the collection is heard of no more. 
The amateur is not alone to blame; in fact, 
he deserves our sympathy and kindly assist- 
ance more at the commencement of his hobby 
than at any future time. Many of our 
renowned amateurs of the present day owe 
all their prosperity to the praiseworthy aid of 
a helpful friend in their childhood days of 
Orchid growing. A friend in need is a friend 
indeed, and without such timely aid disaster 
takes the place of success. 

Orchids for amateurs comprise those which 
may be left for a day or so without requiring 
much attention. In this matter one does not 
wish to suggest to amateurs that Orchids may 
be stored away like so many dry bulbs, but 
rather that some preparations should be made 
whenever absence is likely to be of more than 
a day’s duration. One half-day a week spent 


in potting or cleaning the house is all the 
time necessary to keep a small collection in 
general health during the greater part of the 
year, although one should not forget that a 
few minutes must be spent every day in 
watering the plants, and in keeping the fire 
going during the cold weather. But these 
matters are part of the every-day work of the 
dwelling-house, and may be well attended to 
by the same person. 

If one can spare more time the1re is no 
reason why these and other matters should 
not have still greater attention, for in Orchid 
growing, as in almost everything else, nothing 
can really be too well done. Thus, instead 
of permanent shading, some material, such as 
canvas or lath blinds, might be used with 
advantage to those plants requiring a greater 
quantity of sunshine or bright light. The 
essence of the whole matter is for the amateur 
to decide what conditions of culture he can 
reasonably maintain, and then to purchase 
and grow only plants likely to suit these con- 
ditions. Success instead of failure will be 
sure to follow. 

During the ensuing year we shall comment 
on some of the most suitable Orchids for the 
commencing amateur to cultivate. These will 
include only those of reasonable price, easy to 
cultivate in the small greenhouse that an 
amateur usually possesses, and, at the same 
time, those which will amply repay cne for his 
trouble by yielding pretty and long-lasting 
flowers. 

A few strong plants of Lycaste Skinneri 
can be well recommended ; costing but little, 
they produce several large blooms during the 
winter months, a period when flowers are 
much appreciated. These flowers are more 
or less deeply tinted with rose, the lip 
frequently having a crimson blotch, and the 
larger and better coloured this is so much 
finer may the variety be considered. This 
plant is a strong rooting kind and delights in 
a firm compost of about one half peat and the 
remainder good loam, with some sphagnum 
moss. During the summer and sprin> months 


February, 1913.| DHE ORCHIDY WORLD: ri 


when new growth is being made, the compost 
should always be in a damp condition. The 
long and broad leaves may be syringed on all 
fine days, taking care that this is done early 
in the day in order that the svperfluous 
moisture may be evaporated before the even- 
ing. Shading must be used to prevent the 
sun from scorching the leaves, an event likely 
to take place during the spring months, for it 
is then that the new growths are liable to be 
spoilt. The older leaves, those of last season’s 
growth, are less likely to be affected. 


The bulbs complete their growth with the 
finish of summer, and from that time onwards 
until the flowers are produced, only sufficient 
water to prevent the bulbs from shrivelling 
will be needed. Probably two or three plants 
of this Guatemalan species will be as many as 
an amateur will require, although hardly two 
will be found exactly alike in their flowers. 
On this account some of the large collections 
contain as many as a hundred plants, all 
showing some slight variation, and a special 
house is not unfrequently set apart for their 
cultivation. But amateurs need not be dis- 
couraged in reading this for a state of perfect 


Maxillaria grandiflora. 


culture can be procured in every collection, 
however small it may be. Those who care to 
spend a few extra shillings may purchase 
really beautiful varieties, and without much 
additional expense the pure white L. Skinneri 
alba may be purchased. With the latter 
acquirement an amateur may have every 
reason to be proud of his possessions, for he 
may rest assured that his horticultural neigh- 
bour will not fail to appreciate so chaste and 
beautiful a flower. 

Maxillaria grandiflora is in many ways 


similar to Lycaste Skinner. The plants 
delight in a moist atmosphere in the cool 
house, that is, a place where the temperature 
averages 50 degrees, although a few degrees 
less will do no harm so long as the air is kept 
proportionally drier. The autumn sees this 
Peruvian species at its best, the erect flower 
stalks carrying elegant, deliciously fragrant 
white blooms, the lip marked with purple. 
No amateur should experience any difficulty 
in cultivating this useful species, either in 
growing a small plant into a specimen or in 
obtaining floriferous results. For a compost 
nothing is better than fibrous peat with a 


112 THE 


small quantity of sphagnum moss. Shading 
and syringing frequently require attention at 
the same time, and while the plants delight 
in an abundance of atmospheric mcisture 
during their growing season, care must always 
be taken that this moisture is greatly reduced 
during the night time, and, in fact, during the 
dull days frequently experienced during 
spring and autumn 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CATTLEYA PERCIMAX.—lIn these days of 
complex parentages the recording of a new 
primary hybrid is becoming of rare occur- 
rence. CC. Percimax, the result of crossing 
Percivaliana with maxima, has been raised by 
Mr. Eustace F. Clark, of Evershot, Dorset. 
The flower is very intermediate in form and 
colour between the two parents, the most 
attractive part of this winter-flowering hybrid 
being the labellum, in which the distinct 
veining of maxima and the rich coloration 
of Percivaliana blend in a bright and happy 
manner. The centre of the lip is deep orange, 
the outer part rose-purple with a distinct 
bluish tinge. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA HARRIANCEPS. — As 
may almost be guessed by its name the 
parentage of this new hybrid is C. Harri- 
soniana x L. anceps. In many ways inter- 
mediate between both parents in form and 
colour, it has, however, a handsome _violet- 
purple blotch of colour on the front lobe of 
the labellum. Raised by Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge. 

CYPRIPEDIUM IONA—A primary 
hybrid between C. Fairrieanum and C. bella- 
tulum has been raised by Mr. Hunter in the 
Blenheim Palace collection. The creamy 
white flowers are elegantly veined and spotted 
with rose-purple. The drooping nature of the 
petals of both parents assists in producing a 
unique and very distinct hybrid. Obtained 
Award of Merit, Royal Horticultural Society, 
January 7th, 1913. 

DIA-L&LIA LANGLEYENSIS.— Messrs. Veitch 
and Sons have produced this interesting 
hybrid between Diacrium bicornutum and 


new 


ORCHID 


WORLD. {February, 1973. 
Lelia purpurata. The petals are broad, but 
drawn to a point, and light rose colour. The 
rose-purple lip is veined with dark purple, and 
the shoulders and side lobes are widely open. 
This hybrid makes a companion to Dia-Lelha 
Veitchu (D. bicornutum x L. cinnabarina), the 
only previously recorded hybrid between 
these two genera. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM MACULATOREI—In this 
hybrid the Colombian and Mexican Odonto- 
glossums have been again united by crossing 
maculatum with Pescatorei. The seedling 
recently flowered by Mr. J. S. Moss, of Bishop’s 
Waltham, could not be regarded as very meri- 
torious, yet of considerable interest, for it 
showed what a very remarkable power the 
Pescatorei has over the maculatum, the latter 
species being hardly recognisable in the 


flower. It will be of interest to watch the 
flowering of future hybrids with similar 
parentage. 

BRASSOCATTL-ELIA NOLA.-— The _ inter- 


esting nature of this new hybrid between 
Brassavola nodosa and Lelio-Cattleya callis- 
toglossa allows the plant to be recorded, 
although the flowers cannot be considered 
equal in merit to many of the other Brassavola 
hybrids. The strong specific nature of the 
Brassavola parent has had a _ remarkable 
influence over the two other species contained 
in the pollen parent. The flower, in general, 
is a greatly improved nodosa, the sepals and 
petals almost white, the comparatively large 
labellum spotted with violet-purple. The 
richly blotched lps of the callistoglossa 
parents (gigas and purpurata) have quite 
disappeared. Raised by Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge, Sussex. 

ADIODA ST. FUSCIEN.— This curious 
bigeneric hybrid between Ada aurantiaca and 
Cochhoda Noezliana was originally raised by 
Mons. Henri Graire, Amiens, France, who 
exhibited it at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
August 29th, 1911. At the meeting of the 
Society held January 7th, 1913, Messrs. 
Charlesworth showed a hybrid of similar 
parentage, but with a darker red flower than 
that of the original plant. On this latter date 
the Scientific Committee granted a Certificate 
of Appreciation to both Mons. Graire and 


I1l3 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


THE 


February, 1913.| 


spapm hv py OD) 


yjLomsapivyy “sissapy fO Juowysi}qn]sa ay} ul splighp] sujsamopy s2}ul sy 


114 THE ORCHID 


Messrs. Charlesworth for their work in raising 
this interesting hybrid. 

CATTLEYA MADONNA.—A very beautiful 
winter-flowering primary hybrid between C. 
chocoensis alba and C. Triane delicata has 
been raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle in the 
Scampston Hall collection, Rillington, York. 
The flower suggests an immense variety of 
chocoensis, the very broad, almost round 
petals of this species appearing in the hybrid 
with their accustomed forward position, as 
though the bloom was but half open. A 
slight tinge of pink is visible on the sepals, 
and the basal portion of the column 1s 
streaked with purple, while the inner part of 
the throat and side lobes of the lip is orange- 
yellow, otherwise the flower is pure white, 
and of fleshy substance. 

LaLIO-CATTLEYA AURENSIS. — Messrs. 
McBean have recently flowered several plants 
of this hybrid between C. aurea and L.-C. 
3ehrensiana (L.-C. Schilleriana x Loddigesn). 
The complex parentage produces great 
variety in the flowers. The best and most 
promising have medium-sized blooms of soft 
rosy-purple colour, the influence of the under- 
lying aurea pigment being very helpful. 

LA&LIO-CATTLEYA CICELY —This new and 
pretty hybrid between C. Forbesu and 
L. cinnabrosa (cinnabarina x tenebrcsa) has 
recently flowered in the collection of Eustace 
F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset. The cross 
was made June 4th, 1902, and the seed sown 
in the spring of the following year. The first 
plant to flower has thus taken more than nine 
years to reach maturity. The somewhat 
narrow sepals and petals are straw-yellow, 
with a shght reddish tinge. The lip is hand- 
somely veined alcng its entire length with 
crimson, and there is a reticulation of the 
same colour on the broad apex. The total 
width of each flower is about four inches. 
Mr. Clark sent a flower spike of this hybrid 
to the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, December 3rd, 1912, with a 
request that it should bear the name L.-C. 
Evershotensis, under which name we briefly 
recorded it on page 77 of our January issue. 
This name must now give place to L.-C. 
Cicely, the one under which it Tas been 


WORLD. [February, 1913. 


recorded a few days earlier in the Gardeners’ 
Chronicle, December 28th, 1912. 


ORCHIDS AT COOKSBRIDGE, 
SUSSES 


appeal to most lovers of horticulture ; 

the one goes hand in hand with the 
other. Of the many rich collections in this 
favoured county one of the oldest is at Cooks- 
bridge, a small village close to Lewes, and 
within eight miles of the sea. The houses 
containing the extensive stock of Orchids 
belonging to Messrs. J. and A. McBean are 
situated in open country, unsheltered by 
adjoining buildings, and unshaded by  sur- 
rounding trees, yet producing some of the 
finest examples of cultivated plants. 

During the last few years Cymbidium 
hybrids have become very popular, largely 
owing to their graceful foliage and the 
elegance and long-lasting nature of their 
flowers. Messrs. McBean are the fortunate 
possessors of a house, some 70 feet in length, 
entirely filled with these plants. The foliage 
is of considerable decorative value, varying, 
as it does, from broad and leathery leaves to 
those of narrow and grass-like nature. Such 
plants cannot fail to prove attractive in more 
ways than one. 

It is remarkable how well these hybrids 
have grown during their comparatively short 
life, five years covering the whole of their 
existence. Many of the first-made bulbs are 
equal in size to those seen on imported plants, 
and the purple tint, so sure a sign of ripeness, 
is visible on nearly all the bulbs and leaves. 
Experiments have proved that the most 
suitable compost is a mixture of about two- 
thirds good loam, one-third osmunda fibre, 
and a little sphagnum moss. The osmunda 
prevents the loam from becoming a solid mass, 
and also allows the surplus water to pass 
quickly away. Cymbidiums are often to be 
seen flourishing well in nothing else than loam, 
but when thus grown, considerable care in 
watering is required to prevent sourness of 


oes Orchids and sunny Sussex 


February, 1913.| THE ORCHID 


the soil. Young and valuable seedlings are 
much safer, and, in fact, grow quicker in a 
sweet, open mixture. 

The success so far obtained with the flower- 
ing of these hybrids has been very encour- 
aging, and judging by some of the parents 
which have been used, the results of plants as 
yet unflowered are eagerly awaited. Of 
those which have already flowered mention 
must be made of Cymbidium Gottianum 
(eburneum x _ insigne), C. Alexander 
(eburneo-Lowianum x insigne), C. Schlegeln 
(Wiganianum x insigne), C. Pauwelsu (Lowi- 
anum x insigne), C. Wiganianum (eburneum 
x Tracyanum), and there is a good plant of 
the elegant C. rosefieldiense. A pretty hybrid 
may be seen in C. eburneum x Lowianum 
concolor, and also in C. eburneum x Low1- 
anum auriferum. 

Odontoglossum crispum has always been a 
speciality, and Cooksbridge has long been 
noted for the excellent forms of this ever- 
popular species. With the advent of Odonto- 
glossum hybrids interest in this species 
certainly waned for a short period, but 
amateurs are again fully appreciating the 
merits of crispums. It is no unusual event 
to see a branching spike of twenty, or more, 
flowers fully open at Christmas time, while 
others, by the successive opening of fresh 
buds, will last in flower for the long period 
of six and seven weeks. It is impossible to 
state the exact number of crispums in this 
establishment; their total 1s expressed in 
tens of thousands, while their numerous flower- 
spikes maintain a constant and abundant 
supply of bloom. 

More than one spacious house is entirely 
filled with Odontoglossum hybrids, plants in 
all sizes, from minute seedlings to flowering 
specimens, manifesting the best of good health. 
Odontoglossum pulchellum x Od. Edwardii 
is worthy of special notice in being one of 
the very few cases in which the latter species 
has been successful as a_ pollen parent. 
Odontiodas are equally well represented, and 
an interesting plant is to be seen in Oncidioda 
Cooksonie (C. Noezliana x On. macranthum). 

Cattleya species are really remarkable in 
the vigour of their growth. Words fail to 


WORLD. 115 


give a fair idea of the immense bulbs formed 
by many of the plants. The following exact 
measurements are well worthy of being placed 
on record. Cattleya Schrédera, a grand 
specimen, has the largest bulb, 6 inches in 
circumference, with a flower-sheath 0 inches 

>| 


high and 2 inches wide, and the leaves 3: 


inches across. Many Schroderz plants are to 
be seen with bulbs of 54 inches circumference. 
A very distinct looking plant of C. Mendelu 
has a leading bulb 4? inches in circumference, 
the flower-sheath 2 inches wide, and the leaves 


The large Cattleya House . 


34 mmches across. Many fine plants of C. 


Warscewiczil have leaves similarly propor- 
tioned. C. Mossiz is equally well cultivated, 
one large plant having leaves 14 inches in 
length, the flower-sheath 6} inches high, and 
the leading bulb 44 inches in circumference. 
With such excellent results as the foregoing, 
it is not surprising to see the hybrids from 
these and other species also growing with 
considerable vigour. Several spacious houses 
are devoted to the culture of a vast assemblage 
of various crosses. Many very fine hybrids 
have already been produced, and it will not 


116 THE ORCHID WORDD: 


be long before the great majority of the 
seedlings reach the flowering stage 
Lelio-Cattleya Helis (G S. Ball x 
Mossie) 1s one of Messrs. McBean’s recent 
successes. The flower is almost as large as 
Mossiz, and is of a beautiful yellow tint. 
The L. cmnabarina appears to have _per- 
petuated only its yellow pigment; the red 
Needless to remark, 
the large majority of seedlings from this pod 


hem? scarcely visible. 


have reddish-purple flowers, as so often 
happens when cinnabarina takes part in the 
parentage. We can here see the wisdom of 
raising as many seedlings as possible from 
the same pod, for it is not until they bloom 


[February, 1913. 


that one is able to discriminate between the 
good and bad varieties. 

Miltonias are another important feature of 
this establishment. They comprise most of 
the noted varieties, including vexillaria G. D. 
Owen, and many excellent hybrids. Sophro- 
Cattleya Doris has been raised by usinz the 
aurea as the seed bearing plant; by this 
method a better growing hybrid has been 
produced. Cattleya Mendeli “ Pearl McBean” 
is one of the richest coloured varietics yet 
seen. C. O’Brieniana alba and C. Dowiana 
Resita are two very large examples of these 
rarities, and C. chocoensis alba is an elegant 
specimen with four flower-spikes. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL” SOCIET 


January 7th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), and 
Mr. Jas. ‘O'Brien (hon, sec) our lamayaaae 
Veitch, Messrs. W. H. White, W. Bolton, 
Gurney Wilson, J. Wilson Potter, R. A. Rolfe, 
F. M. Ogilvie, G. F. Moore, F. J. Hanbury, 
W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. 
Hatcher, J. E. Shill, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, 
R. Brooman-White, C. J. Lucas, C. Cookson, 
de B. Crawshay, W. P. Bound, A. McBean, T. 
Armstrong, and C. H. Curtis. 

G. F. Moore, Esq., Chardwar, Bourton-on- 
the-Water, received a Gold Medal for a 
remarkably fine display of Cypripediums, 
comprising more than 250 specimen plants, 
and staged in excellent manner. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Engle- 
field Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), received a 
Silver-gilt Flora Medal for an attractive 
exhibit of Laelia anceps and its varieties. The 
plants were shown in splendid health, the 
pure white L. anceps alba having as many as 
13 well-developed flower spikes 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a_ Silver-gilt Flora 
Medal for a grand group of Orchids contain- 
ing selections of their various winter-flowering 
hybrids and rare species. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. Geo, Day), received a Silver Flora Medal 


for an effective group of Odontoglossuims, 
Leelic-Cattleyas, Miltonias, and Odontiodas. 

Messrs. Jas. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
extensive display of Cypripediums, including 
Countess of Carnarvon, Idina, and Acteus 
langleyense. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans: 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good 
group of various winter-flowering hybrids, 
the Cypripediums being especiaily well 
shown. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Orchid Dene, 
Twyford, secured a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a selection of rare and elegant Orchids. 
The Odontoglossums were a noteworthy 
feature. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Enfield, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a group 
of attractive plants, including Dendrobiums, 
Angrecums, Ansellias, and Vanda coerulea, a 
variety of the latter, named albo-violacea, 
having white sepals and petals and a violet 
lip. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hull, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a com- 
prehensive exhibit of interesting Orchids, 
including several of botanical value. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 


February, 1913. | 


attractive group of Cypripediums, Masde- 
vallias, and well-grown Calanthes. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
croup of their well-known Odontoglcssum 
crispum, Lelia anceps, and Cymbidium 
hybrids. 

J. S. Moss, Esq. Bishop’s Waltham, 
exhibited Odontoglossum Smith ; O. crispum 
Kenchu, an elegant blotched variety; and 
some interesting: seedlings. 

Sir Charles Haddon, Berkhamsted, secured 
a Bronze Medal for a group of Cypripedium 
insigne sylhetense. 

Lady Wernher, Luton Hoo, showed several 
plants of the rose-purple Calanthe Vulcan. 

F. J. Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East 
Grinstead, sent Cypripedium Lady Carlile 
(Troilus x Hera), a very large and handsome 
flower. 

de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks, showed Odontoglossum Vulcan Craw- 
shayanum, a very fine form, and Od. 
rosefieldiense with a spike of 12 flowers. 

W.R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, 
sent Cypripedium Lady Dillon (Mrs. W. 
Mostyn x nitens), an elegant hybrid. 

The Hon. Robert James, Richmond, Yorks., 
exhibited Cypripedium Lady Evelyn James 
(Leeanum x aureum), of good shape. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited Odontioda Bradshawie violacea, a 
well-grown plant with a spike of 50 scarlet- 
red flowers tinged with violet on the tips of 
the segments. 

Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking, 
sent Cypripedium Memoria Mostynii, a 
charming yellow and white flower. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O. 
(gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), exhibited Cattleya 
Miranda, with a seven-flowered spike ; Cypri- 
pedium Ulysses (Vandyke x G. F. Moore), and 
Cyp. Corsair (Niobe x nitens), somewhat 
similar to Niobe. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Odontoglossum Pescatorei Sandere, from 


Baron Bruno Schréder (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill)— 


DHE ORCHID WORLD. 117 


A very unusual form with yellowish-white 
flowers, the inner parts of the segments 
spotted with light brown. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontonia Firminu (Miltonia vexillaria x 
O. crispum), from M. Firmin Lambeau, 
Brussels.—A very interesting hybrid, flowers 
white with a brownish-rose :nask to the lip. 

Habenaria Reebelenii, from E. H. Davidson, 
Esq., Twyford—A vermilion-scarlet flowered 
species from Annam, and somewhat similar to 
H. miulitaris. 

Lelia anceps Roeblingiana, from C. G, 
Roebling, Esq., Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.A— 
A very uncommon variety, flowers dark rose- 
purple with the petals partaking of the 
labellum characters. Probably a_peloriate 
form. 

Cypripedium Amazon (Leeanum Corona x 
nitens), from F. M. Ogilvie, Esq.—A good- 
shaped flower with dorsal sepal green at the 
base, white above, and with vertical lines of 
spotting. 

Cypripedium Iona (bellatulum x Fairrie- 
anum), from His Grace the Duke of 
Marlborough (gr. Mr. Hunter)—Flowers 
creamy-white elegantly veined with rose- 
purple. 

Cypripedium Alcinida (Alcibiades x insigne), 
from Messrs. Charlesworth and Co—A good, 
bold flower, the dorsal sepal well-developed. 

Odontoglossum George Day (Rossii rubes- 
cens x crispum), from H. S. Goodson, Esq. (gr. 
Mr. G. Day).—A very pretty hybrid with rose 
coloured flowers evenly spotted with purple. 

Cycnoches species (Cooperi), from Messrs. 
Sander and Sons-—-A handsome Peruvian 
species, allied to C. pentadactylon. Flowers 
reddish-brown, unspotted, but with darker 
veining. 

January 21st, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), and Messrs. 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), J. Gurney Fowler, 
Gurney Wilson, W. Wilson Potter, R. G. 
Thwaites, Stuart Low, F. J. Hanbury, R. A. 
Rolfe, C. H. Curtis, J. E. Shill, A. McBean, 
J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, H. G. Alexander, 
W. P. Bound, A. Dye, W. H. White, W. 


118 THE ORCHID WORED: 


Bolton, de B. Crawshay, j/9S2> Moss, 1- 
Armstrong, and C. J. Lucas. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
received a Silver Flora Medal for an extensive 
group of very interesting species, including 
several of great rarity. Dendrobium super- 
biens and D. Wardianum were well shown, 
and Cypripedium insigne Louis Sander, a 
home-raised plant of great merit, and several 
excellent varieties of Lelia anceps showed to 
great advantage. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for an excellent group containing good 
examples of their well-known hybrids. The 
interesting Catasetum discolor, Trichopilia 
Gouldu, Lycaste lanipes, Lycaste Skinner 
alba, and white varieties of Lelia anceps were 
also shown. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. Bush Hill 
Park, Enfield, secured a Silver Flora Medal 
for an elegant exhibit of Dendrobium 
Wardianum, many of the plants being covered 
with flowers. Several excellent Cypripediums, 
Odontoglossum and Cattleya hybrids, and vari- 
ous botanical specimens were also included. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a well 
arranged group of Calanthes, grown in excel- 
lent style; Cypripedium hybrids, Lycaste 
Balle, and the interesting Coelogyne hybrid 
which received an award. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a very 
neat group of Odontoglossum hybrids, Od. 
Godmanu (Edwardu x Rolfez) having various 
coloured flowers on the same spike. Cypri- 
pedium Minos Youngii and Cyp. aureum 
lakense were noticeable plants. 

Mr. W. A. Manda, South Orange, New 
Jersey, U.S.A., received a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a large group of various species. 
Lelia anceps rosea, a distinct form; Cattleya 
Triane with pinkish flowers; C. Triane Mauve 
Queen, a large flower of delicate rose colour ; 
and the rare Cypripedium insigne Lagere 
were among the most interesting plants. 

Lady Wernher, Luton Hoo, Luton, Beds, 
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a very 
attractive group of Calanthe Regnieri. The 


[February, 1913. 


plants were exceedingly well grown and 
carried tall many-flowered spikes. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. Gatton Park, 
Surrey, exhibited a most interesting collection 
of rare species, including a well grown plant 
of Cirrhopetalum robustum, Oncidium dich- 
romum, the elegant Zygopetalum rostratum, 
Masdevallia elephanticeps, and a specimen 
Restrepia striata. In the centre of the group 
was a beautiful variety of Cymbidium Lady 
Colman with 18 large flowers. 

Charles J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Seven- 
oaks, showed Odontioda Joan (Charlesworthii 
x ardentissimum), with ruby-crimson flowers. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Engle- 
field Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), showed 
Lelia anceps Hilliana “ The Dell var.,” a very 
fine plant with three spikes and 11 flowers. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), staged 
Cypripedium Jura (ansigne Harefield Hall x 
Mrs Mostyn), a bold flower with the white 
dorsal darkly spotted, the broad petals and 
lip yellowish-brown, marked with mahogany. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Borlases, Twyford, 
Berks, showed Sophro-Cattleya Saxa “ Orchid 
Dene var.,” a very good form, Cattleya Harri- 
soniana alba, and a very pretty variety of 
Odontioda Bradshawie. 

Mr.S. Flory, Tracy’s Nursery, Twickenham, 
staged Mormodes Lawrencianum, Odonto- 
glossum Phoebe, O. Rossiane, and Cypri- 
pedium hybrids. 

J. Brisdon Seatle, Esq., Fairfield, Upper 
Richmond Road, Putney, S.W., exhibited 
Odontoglossum crispum Rossendale with a 
many-flowered branching spike; and Od. 
crispum Venus x crispum Linden. 

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Hor- 
sham, showed the elegant Cypripedium 
George Branch, and a number of interesting 
flowers of the same parentage, but with 
considerable variety. 

Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking, 
exhibited Cypripedium Morningtonie (Mrs. 
F. Sander x nitens), Cyp. Cupid magnificum 
Gnsigne Harefield Hall x Venus), and Brasso- 
Cattleya Wellesleye (B. glauca x B-C. Dig- 
byano-Mossiz Wagner1), a very elegant and 
pure white flower. 


February, 1913.] 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

Cattleya Enid “ Firmin Lambeau ” (Mosse 
Reineckiana x gigas Frau Melanie Beyrodt), 
from Mons. Firmin Lambeau, Brussels——One 
of the finest and most beautiful forms yet 
seen of this popular hybrid. The large white 
flowers had the broad labellum mottled and 
veined with bright rose-purple, a narrow white 
margin running completely round the edge. 

In every way a model flower. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Lelio-Cattleya Firminii var. ardens, from 
Mons. Firmin Lambeau—A beautiful result 
obtained by crossing L.-C. Ceres with C. 
aurea. The large flowers of rich scarlet-red 
colour, the lip having yellow discs on the side 
lobes. The original plant was the subject of 
a coloured plate in the ORCHID WORLD, June, 
IQTI. 

Odontioda Madeline “Prince of Orange” 
(Charlesworth x crispum), from Charles J. 
Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks.—A 
very wonderful result, in which the scarlet 
colour of the Odontioda has given place to an 
orange-yellow tint. The labellum well 
developed. 

Sophro-Cattleya Saxa “ Orchid Dene var.,” 
from E. H. Davidson, Esq., Borlases, Twyford. 
—An elegant example of this hybrid. Flower 
of good colour and with broad segments. 

Odontoglossum Aireworth “ Goodson’s 
var.,” from H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, 
Putney (gr. Mr. Geo. Day)—A _ densely 
spotted form of this pretty hybrid between 
crispum and Lambeauianum. 

Ccelogyne intermedia (cristata. x Mas- 
sangeana), from Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, 
Cheltenham.—A very interesting plant with 
racemes of white flowers, the lps with 
prominent brownish-yellow crests, and the 
side lobes veined with brown. Sweet scented. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 
December 1oth, 1912. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J. Lupton, D. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 119 


McLeod, C. Parker, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, 
A. Warburton, and H. Arthur (Secretary) 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to Z. A. 
Ward, Esq., Northenden; A. Warburton, 
Esq., Haslingden; and Col. J. Rutherford, 
M.P., Blackburn. 

Silver Medals were granted to R. Ash- 
worth, Esq., Newchurch; F. A. Hindley, Esgq., 
Great Horton; G. H. Peace, Esq. Monton 
Grange; Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Chel- 
tenham ; and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Bradford. 

Bronze Medals were awarded to Rev. J. 
Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors; and H. 
Arthur, Esq., Blackburn. 

A Special Vote of Thanks was accorded 
to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Cypripedium Gohath (Amy Moore x insigne 
Harefield Hall), a magnificent well-balanced 
flower, from W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, 
Heywood. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Fouldsianum (Fascinator x 
Clinkaberryanum), from J. H. Craven, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Wilckeanum, from Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. 

Cypripedium hybrid, from A. Warburton, 
Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya Goldfinch “Ashlands variety,” 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

Cymbidium woodlandense (Tracvanum x 
Masters), from H. Arthur, Esq. 


January 2nd, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J. 
Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. Ash- 
worth, J. Cypher, A. Hanmer, F. A. Hindley, 
DeMcLeod) @ Parker, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, 

A. Warburton, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 
Large Silver Medals were awarded to Z. A. 
Ward, Esq., Northenden; R. Ashworth, Esq., 
Newchurch; A. Warburton, Esq., Hasling- 
den; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn ; 
and Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. 
A Silver Medal was granted to F. A. 
Hindley, Esq., Bradford ; and Bronze Medals 


120 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


to Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors ; 
and H. Arthur, Esq., Blackburn. 

J. J. Holden, Esq. Southport: VW. Ree; 
Esq., Heywood; Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. 
and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons also 
exhibited. 

AWARDS. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum J. Whitmoyer, a_ large 
flower of the amabile type, from Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. 

Cypripedium Lady Dillon magnificum 
(nitens x Mrs. Mostyn), a large well balanced 
flower, from W. R. Lee, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium Mrs. F. Sander, from J. J. 
Holden, Esq. 

Cypripedium Rossendale, from R. Ash- 
worth, Esq. 

Vanda Amesiana albens, from Messrs. 
Stuart Low and Co. 

Oncidium crispum var. The Knowle, and 
Gomezia Barkeri, from Messrs. A. J. Keeling 
and Sons. 


AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. 


Lycaste Skinneri var. Her Majesty, from J. 
J. Holden, Esq. 

Cypripedium insigne var. 
from H. Arthur, Esq. 


CULTURAL CERTIFICATE 


to Mr. Dalgleish, for fine examples of 
Cypripedium Leeanum giganteum and C. L 
nobilior. 


International, 


January 10th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rey. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J. 
Bamber, J. Cypher, J. Evans, W. Hatcher, 
A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. 
Morgan, C. Parker, F. K. Sander, H. Thorp, 
Z. A. Ward, A. Warburton, and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. Northenden, for a_ splendid 
group of well-grown choice Odontoglossums. 

A Large Silver Medal was granted to A. 
Warburton, Esq., Haslingden, for a group 
composed principally of Cypripediums. 


[February, 1913. 


Silver Medals were awarded to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn, for a fine exhibit 
of Lelia anceps; and to Messrs. J. Cypher 
and Sons, Cheltenham, for various specimens. 

A Bronze Medal was granted to Rev. J. 
Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors, for a neat 
group of Cypripediums. 

H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill, sent Cypri- 
pediums; H. Arthur, Esq, Blackburn, 
exhibited Cypripediums ; O. O. Wrigley, Esq., 
Bury, staged the rare Dendrobium Schutze ; 
Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Enfield, exhibited 
interesting Orchids; Messrs. A. J. Keeling 
and Sons, Bradford, staged various Cypri- 
pediums ; and Mr. Shackleton, Great Horton, 
also showed various plants. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum amabile var. Excelsa, a 
large good shaped flower, evenly blotched 
with plum-coloured markings, from Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. 

Cypripedium Princess Patricia of Con- 
naught (Alcibiades x nitens), showing the 
best features of Alcibiades, deep coloured 
spots on a round well-set dorsal, from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Carola(Thompsonn x Euryades 
splendens), a large flower of good shape and 
substance, dorsal white ground with claret- 
red markings, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossums James Barclay, Violina 
Henderson, Lord Pirrie, and R. le Doux, all 
of unknown parentage, from R. le Doux, Esq. 

Cypripedium Snowdon Range (Euryades 
x Leeanum, from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium waltonensis var. W. Stevens 
(Thompsonu x Rupert), from Wm. Thomp- 
son, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Harryano-crispum “Ne 
Plus Ultra,” from Z. A. Ward, Esq. 

Brassocattlalia Cooksonii (aurea x B.-L. 
Mrs. Gratrix), from Col. J. Rutherford. 

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. 

To Mr. Morgan, gardener to H. J. Bromilow, 
Esq., for a fine plant of Cypripedium Minos 
Youngii. 


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Ck. 


— 
WOOT Ty 


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MARCH, 1913. 


AG Pek 3D 
<r Se re —————— 


NOWES. 


ORCHID CATALOGUE.—The new catalogue 
for 1913, Just issued by Messrs. Hassall and 
Co., Southgate, contains a varied list of the 
most popular species and a comprehensive 
selection of the best hybrids. Some 875 items 
are enumerated. 

RECORD BuLps.—Several readers have 
expressed a doubt regarding the dimensions 
of the large bulbs mentioned on page 115 of 
the last issue. We have since had the oppor- 
tunity of verifying these figures, and also of 
seeing many other plants with large bulbs 
nearly approaching these in point of size and 
vigour. 

DENDROBIUM CYBELE ALBUM—A batch 
of seedlings of this hybrid Dendrobium 
between Findlayanum album and_ nobile 
virginale has been raised in the Scampston 
Hall collection. Last spring a few of the 
strongest plants flowered and proved to be 
albinos. Mr. F. C. Puddle now writes to say 
that the whole batch has flowered and all are 
pure albinos. 

@ 8 W 

DENDROBIUM PHALA:NOPSIS SCHRODER- 
IANUM ALBUM.—A recent issue of Horéz- 
culture, U.S.A., contains an illustration of this 
rare albino flowering in the collection of 
Messrs. Julius Roehrs, Rutherford, N_J., 
U.S.A. The plant is said to be the largest of 
its kind in the world, the four tallest bulbs 


VOL. III. 


measuring almost three feet in height. It 1s 
now in its third year of flowering, and has 
increased in size and vigour each season. 

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S COM- 
MITTEES.—Messrs. W. Watson and W. 
Jackson Bean, of the Royal Gardens, Kew, 
have been nominated members of the 
Scientific Committee ; and Messrs. Sidney W. 
Flory, Twickenham, and G. Hunter, Blen- 
heim Palace Gardens, members of the Orchid 
Committee. 

HOOKER MEMORIAL.—The Council of the 
Linnean Society have had under considera- 
tion the application of the bequest of 4100 
left to the Society by the late Sir Joseph 
Hooker, and they have agreed that the most 
suitable memorial would be an adequately 
endowed Sir Joseph Hooker Lecture, to be 
delivered every second, third, or fourth year, 
and to be published by the Society. They 
propose that the lecture be on some subject 
especially associated with the name of Sir 
Joseph Hooker, and that the lecturer be 
appointed by the Council, not necessarily 
from among the Fellows of the Society. 

NORTH OF ENGLAND HORTICULTURAL 
SOcIETY.—The close of the second year of 
operations shows a paid-up membership of 
just over 500 Fellows, and a turn-over of 
£650. The increase in Fellows is nearly 


15 


Ae THE ORCHID WORLD. 


50 per cent, and the number of affilated 
societies has been doubled. A portion of the 
Society’s monthly magazine, now under new 
arrangements, is to be devoted to Orchids. 
Many of the Fellows are interested in these 
plants, which have more than once formed the 
principal exhibits of the North of England 
shows. 
@ 8 & 

PARTHENOGENESIS IN EPIDENDRUM RADI- 
CANS.— Another interesting instance of 
supposed parthenogenesis has occurred with 
Messrs. McBean, of Cooksbridge, who 
attempted to hybridise Epidendrum radicans 
with the pollen of Bletia Shepherdu. The 
pollination duly resulted in a seed pod being 
formed, and the numerous seeds germinated 
freely. Of the seedlings which were culti- 
vated, numbering at least one hundred, every 
one has grown to the height of about four to 
five feet, and produced flowers precisely 
similar in form and colour to those of the 
Epidendrum parent. The growth and habit 
of the seedlings shows no visible sign of the 
Bletia species. 

ORCHIDS DAMAGED AT KEW.—Consider- 
able wilful damage has recently been done to 
the Orchids at Kew. [Early on Saturday 
morning, February 8th, some persons broke 
into the gardens and attacked the Orchid 
houses, breaking numerous squares of glass 
and smashing many of the pots containing 
valuable specimen Orchids. The fine collec- 
tion of Anoectochilus was specially attacked, 
and most of the plants in flower were com- 
pletely spoilt. Altogether, some 130 plants 
were either destroyed or damaged. The 
miscreants, who left a card on which was 
written, “ Votes for women,” got away without 
detection. 

GIFT OF ORCHIDS TO KEW.—The new 
Cattleya house will prove a welcome addition 
to the Gardens, as none of the other houses 
were specially adapted to the culture of these 
plants. The structure measures about 47 feet 
long and 20 feet wide, the height to the top 
of ridge being 13 feet. Sir George Holford, 
on hearing that the new house had been built, 


{March, 1913. 


generously presented to the gardens a very 
valuable and varied collection of Orchids. 
The specimens included Leelio-Cattleyas, 
Brasso-Cattleyas, Cypripediums and Cym- 
bidiums. The good example set by Sir 
George Holford should act as an incentive to 
others, for Kew does much towards encourag- 
ing a special love of horticulture among the 
thousands who annually visit these gardens. 

THE REFINING INFLUENCE OF ORCHIDS. 
—One of the most interesting and mind- 
elevating subjects to pursue in floral culture, 
either to study by reading about it, or, what 1s 
better yet, by practical cultivation, is that of 
the tropical Orchid. For years I have in 
diverse ways called attention to this matter in 
the columns of the Hartford Times, Conn., 
U.S.A., which with its wide circulation has 
brought responsive answers from far away 
places and noted cultivators and hybridisers 
of these beautiful blossoms. I desire to ask: 
Would it not be untold times better to have 
conservatories for Orchid growing, with their 
educational and refining influence, for our 
public, high and low, at a far less cost to 
begin with than a $40,000 pavilion or colos- 
seum-like structure to witness and _ shelter 
games and often brutal sports in our Hart- 
ford parks? May we all have the opportunity 
before long to see public Orchid houses in 
our fine city —W ¢helmine Seliger, Hartford, 
Conn., U.S.A. 


CYPRIPEDIUM CHARLESIANUM.— Mr. E. 
Hill, of Lynford Hall Gardens, Mundford, 
Norfolk, kindly sends ten different varieties 
of this hybrid between nitens superbum and 
Leeanum Clinkaberryanum, all of which have 
come from the same seed pod. It will be 
seen that three species—insigne, villosum, 
and Spicerianum—have composed this hybrid, 
and each one is more or less represented in 
the various flowers. Spicerianum has given 
a large, white dorsal sepal, and the purple 
spotting when on this remains quite bright, 
but whenever it occurs on the lower and 
vellow portion of the dorsal all the spots 
become dull brown. This proves what a 
different ground colour will do. 


March, 1913. ] THE ORCHID WORLD. 123 


Phalenopsis Aphrodite, flowering at Messrs. Sander & Sons’ Establishment. 


ONCIDIODA COOKSONIZ.— This very 
remarkable hybrid between Oncidium 
macranthum and Cochlioda Noezliana was 
snown by Messrs. Charlesworth at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, February 4th, 1913. 
The plants carried a long flexuous, many 
flowered spike, the individual blooms much 
resembling macranthum, but smaller. Sepals 
dark red, petals lighter and with yellow tips, 
lip red with yellow crest. This hybrid received 
an Award of Merit from the Orchid Com- 
mittee and a Botanical Certificate from the 
Scientific Committee. 


YY YY OY 


BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE.—F or many years 
the Botanical Certificate has, erroneously, 
been looked upon as an award to be made to 
a plant of no decorative or commercial value. 
The actual intention of the certificate was to 
encourage the introduction and cultivation of 
plants of intrinsic interest or of potential 
value, and it is intended to be awarded 
to plants of the following designation :— 
Peculiarity of morphological or anatomical 


construction. Noteworthy — physiological 
endowments, adaptation to varying conditions, 
etc. Novelty, whether of introduction or 
cultural origin (cross-breeding, hybridisation, 
variation, selection, etc.). Geographical distri- 
bution. Potential value for garden purposes, 
The Council of the 
Royal Horticultural Society, at its meeting 
held April rith, 1911, decided that the 
awarding of the Botanical Certificate would 
be best served if the recommendation of it 
were restricted to the Scientific Committee. 
Although this certificate has on numerous 
occasions been granted to rare species, there 
are extremely few instances in which it has 
been conferred upon a hybrid Orchid. 
Besides the new Oncidioda Cooksonie we 
may mention Epiphronitis Veitchii (E. radi- 
cans x S. grandiflora), a well-known, but 
nevertheless curious, hybrid, first shown by 
Messrs. Veitch, June 24th, 1890, when it 
received a Botanical Certificate from the 
Scientific Committee in addition to the First- 
class Certificate granted by the Orchid 
Committee. 


or economic uses, etc. 


124 THE VORCHID IW ORE D: 


HE photograph of our Cypripedium 
house was taken on January 2nd of 


this year, and, as you will see, it was 
one mass of bloom. The display commenced 
in November and lasted right through the 
winter months until the end of January. 

I predicted, some twenty-six years ago, that 
the Cypripedium would become one of the 
most popular winter-flowering Orchids we 
should possess. I was laughed at at the time, 
but my prediction has been verified. What a 
grand thing C. insigne Sandere is! We have 
a goodly number of them, and they have 
flowered wonderfully well. They have been 
the most attractive Cypripedium this season, 
the ladies being particularly fond of it. To 
see it to advantage, it requires interspersing 
with other varieties, and, to my mind, it is one 
of the finest Cypripediums ever sent out from 
St. Albans. 

I grow the plants in a compost of two parts 
loam and two parts best peat, with a little 
sphagnum moss and coarse silver sand. By 


The Cypripedium House of J. J. Holden, Esq., Southport, Lancs. 


[March, 1913. 


subjecting them to cool treatment I get a 
sturdy growth with dark foliage, and flower 
stalks six to seven inches long. Thus, when 
fully developed, you obtain that beautiful 
transparent colour which makes them so much 
to be admired. 
ROBERT JOHNSON. 
Southport, Lancs. 


OBITUARY.—We much regret to record the 
death of Mr. A. Ryall, a promising young 
collector, who died at the early age of twenty- 
seven whilst returning from a plant collecting 
expedition in Colombia, on behalf of Messrs. 
Mansell and Hatcher, Ltd. Mr. Ryall gained 
his early knowledge of Orchids at Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co., subsequently working 
under Mr. Hunter in the Chillingham collec- 
tion. Some five years ago he was engaged 
by Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, and after 
two years’ work with this firm, during which 
time he acquired a good knowledge of the 
Spanish language, he was sent out by them 


March, 1913.| THE ORCHID 


to Colombia, fully equipped as an Orchid 
collector. His consignments included a very 
fine type of Odontoglossum crispum, which 
he hunted up after considerable difficulty ; a 
fine lot of Od. Pescatorei; Cattleya Triana ; 
a good form of C. Mendelii; a splendid type 
of C. gigas, from which have flowered several 
Hardyanas, one of which had white sepals 
and petals ; Miltonia vexillaria and M. Roezlii. 
His best expedition was undertaken two 
years ago when he went to Antioquia and 
sent home one of the finest lots of Cattleya 
aurea ever seen. On various occasions he 
discovered rare and unknown species, many 
of which on flowering may probably prove to 
be new, and he carefully noted the conditions 
and surroundings of the plants’ natural home. 
Ryall encountered many terrible experiences, 
including the loss of an eye, and although his 
fearless spirit and strong constitution ren- 
dered him particularly fit for his arduous and 
risky duties, he died on board ship and was 
buried at sea when within three days’ journey 


of England. 


“uy uy a 
ME NaN LY 


UNEXPECTED COLOUR—As the progres- 
sive work of the hybridist proceeds with 
astonishing rapidity and the recording of new 
crosses 1s almost of daily event, we frequently 
receive unexpected surprises in the different 
colours produced by a new combination or 
arrangement of the pigments derived from 
the parental flowers. As an example we may 
instance the recently raised Odontioda Made- 
line (Odontioda Charlesworth x Odonto- 
glossum crispum), several of which have 
flowers with distinct yellow -and orange 
colours. All the forms of Odontioda Charles- 
worthu, without exception, have rich crimson- 
red flowers, and, at first sight, it is somewhat 
perplexing to account for a yellow or orange 
flower being produced from a combination of 
this hybrid and the white flowering Odonto- 
glossum crispum. Closer examination, how- 
ever, of the Odontioda Charlesworth reveals 
a certain amount of yellow, especially on the 
back, and it is quite possible that in the 
formation of the resulting hybrid, a_ re- 
arrangement of the cells takes place, and 


WOR. . 


WORLD. 12 


ur 


those containing the yellow pigment are 
brought to the surface. Professor Weismann, 
in his “Germ-Plasm,”’ has stated: “If the 
yellow and red of two different species were 
blended in the flower of a_ hybrid, the 
intensity of both these colours might con- 
ceivably be as great as in the parent plant, 
and yet one of them might predominate 
because it happened to cover the other.” 
Mr. A. E. Bunyard has shown how, in a 
section of a petal, these two colours, yellow 
and red, may be associated in separate but 
adjoining cell layers in definite patches, and 
in such a fashion that, when both were 
exactly superimposed, a very intense colour 
appeared; while a less exact coincidence 
would allow the lighter tint to appear between 
the darker one, and in this way produce 
more or less marked graduations of tint. 


vy 
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KS 
SS 


¥ 4 


¥ 


ALBINISM.—Messrs. Sander and Sons have 
had some interesting results from a batch of 
hybrids produced by crossing Lelio-Cattleya 
Myra (L. flava x C. Trianze) with C. Triane. 
The latter parent had pure white sepals and 
petals, and a slightly coloured lip. One seed- 
ling has given bright golden-yellow flowers of 
medium size, and another has produced larger 
flowers with pure white sepals and petals, and a 
slight tint on the front lobe of the lip; in fact, 
it much resembles the Trianz parent, but the 
habit of the plant clearly shows the influence 
of the flava species. The combination of the 
yellow and light purple appears to have pro- 
duced an albino form, which 1s worthy of note, 
and gives support to the theory recently put 
forth by Mr. Richard G. Thwaites that albino 
flowers may be produced in this way. 


ORCHIDS AT BRUNOY, FRANCE. 


Monsieur Chas. Maron, Brunoy, France, 
has raised a considerable number of Orchid 
hybrids ; in fact, he was one of the earliest to 
take a special interest in Brassavola hybrids. 
Several of his productions were well shown 
at the recent International Exhibition, held at 


10 


126 THE ORCHID 


Chelsea, 1912. On other occasions he has 
staged specimens at the Royal Horticultural 
Society and at several of the principal 
Continental shows. 

Mons. Maron sends the following list of 
hybrids with the names under which they 
have been shown. Lelio-Cattleya Alphand 
(C. Fabia x L.-C. callistoglossa), shown at 
Brussels, October, 1910; L.-C. Pujettui (C. 
Triane x L. superbiens), Paris, February, 
1904; Cattleya Murillo (C. Maronu x C. 
Dowiana Rosita), Brussels, October, 1910; 
CG. Sigurd (C. aurea.x ‘C; Enid), Pans; Torr; 
Brasso-Cattleya Vilmoriniana (C. Mossiz x 
B.-C. Mrs.- J. Leemann), Brussels, March, 
1910; B-C. Dietrichiana (C. Fabia x B.-C. 
Mrs. J. Leemann), Brussels, March, 1910; 
B.-C. André Maron (C. Schrodere x B-C. 
Mrs. J. Leemann), Paris, November, 1911 ; 
B-C.. R. Ladames, London, October, 1911 
B.-C. Jupiter (C. Luddemanniana x B.-C. 
Madame Chas. Maron), Berlin, 1909; Brasso- 
cattlelia Leonardi (B.-L. Helen x C. Mossie), 
Chelsea, May, 1912; B.-C.-L. Beaucis (L.-C. 
intermedio-flava x B.-C. Mrs. ]. Leemann), 
London, October, 1g11; and B.-C.-L. Aurora 
(L.-C. Ernestu x B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann), Paris, 
March, 1911 


ORCHID HUNTING. 


N interesting account of Orchid hunting 
yf on the Amazon and Negro appeared 
in a recent issue of the 7zmes. 

There is a curicus atmosphere of suspense, 
of hush, in the Amazon forest,” says the 
writer; “the light only reaches one after being 
filtered through greenery. Noises are few ; 
occasionally a large bird will utter its call, an 
iguana will rush through the rustling leaves, 
or some monkeys will chatter as they swing 
through the creepers overhead. 

“Ants swarm on the trees, and nearly all 
inflict painful bites, and there are as well 
several kinds of wasp and bee, which either 
suspend their nests from twigs or else build 
in rolled-up leaves; all would seem to be the 
guardians of Orchids, and do their utmost to 
repel the despoiler. 


““ 


WORLD. |March, 1913. 


“Some Orchids always have their roots in 
ant’s nests, and one kind, which I subsequently 
obtained at the cost of an aching hand, had a 
little hole at the base of each pseudo-bulb in 
which a large black ant had its habitation, and 
of which it proved a most faithful guardian. 
The Orchid turned out to be an Oncidium, 
with delicate sprays of yellow flowers thickly 
spotted with chocolate brown. 

“ Distribution of Orchids. I collected many 
Orchids and remarked that their distribution 
appeared to be very Iccal; one day Cattleyas 
abounded on the trees; another day, a few 
miles further on, only Schomburgkias could 
be found. In one place quantities of Cata- 
setums were growing on the ground, beneath 
little bushes, and in the denser forest near by 
another variety of Catasetum was growing on 
tree trunks not far from the ground. Of 
course, this was above high-water level. This 
last variety has both male and female flowers. 
The female flowers were borne on a short, 
thick stalk, and were greenish-yellow bells, 
while the male flowers were borne on graceful 
stems and were black with green and white 
fringes. When touched a _ tiny _ portion 
detached itself and jumped out. One Cattleya 
we were lucky enough to find had great 
splashes of gold on its rosy-mauve petals and 
an edging of pure white; evidently a natural 
hybrid, the strange product of the wanderings 
and feastings of some great night moth. 

“No European who has not himself seen 
them could credit the myriads of mosquitoes 
which haunt these forest streams, and as the 
few inhabitants of these regions are all suffer- 
ing from malaria great care has to be taken. 
The noises that all these :nsects made seemed 
to rise and fall in waves of sound, now 
becoming insistently shrill, now dying away 
to comparative stillness. My companions had 
fallen asleep in their hammocks; from the 
river were heard only faint rippling sounds, 
and I composed myself for sleep. Never was 
there a greater delusion, it was indeed a xwi¢ 
blanche. \t was too dark to see anything ; 
the sound of all this unknown activity had a 
curious effect on the nerves, and vivid stories 
of great snakes, of jaguars, and crocodiles 
came to the mind.” 


Mareh, roms. EE, ORE 


HID WORLD. 127 


DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM. 


ENDROBIUM thyrsiflorum owes its 
specific name to the many thyrses, or 
dense panicles of flowers, which are 

produced during the spring-time. By some 
botanists this Burmese plant has been 
regarded as a variety of D. densiflorum, from 
which it differs in several 
Reichen- 


bach, however, separated it as 


important points. 


a distinct species, and as such 
it is generally considered. In 
both plants the unexpanded 
racemes have a curious cone- 
like appearance, probably 
unique in the genus. This is 
caused by the flower buds 
being completely enveloped 
in and concealed by the large 
imbricate yellow floral bracts. 

D. densiflorum has dis- 
tinctly 
whereas D. thyrsiflorum has 
more slender stems, and the 


four-angled bulbs, 


floral bracts are much nar- 
rower than in typical plants 
of the former species. Many 
growers can easily discern 
the difference between the 
two species, and when im- 
portations of both plants 
arrive in a mixed state, they 
have no difficulty in separ- 
ating them. The two species 
appear to grow in different 
localities, and there does not 
appear to be any evidence 
that they grow together. D. 
densiflorum invariably has 
pale yellow sepals and petals, 
the lip being of a rich orange- 
yellow, often paler towards the margins. 

D. thyrsiflorum has white flowers with a 
golden-yellow lip, although a few varieties 
are occasionally seen with a pale lilac 
suffusion in the sepals. A variety known as 
Walkerianum had stems three feet in height, 
and the racemes of flowers were two feet long, 
bearing more than fifty flowers on one 


raceme. [his may have been an exceptionally 
strong and recently imported plant, and there 
is no record that such a vigorous state 
was maintained. Our illustration shows 
D. thyrsiflorum flowering in the collection ot 


Ek. H. Andriesse, Esq., Dampit, Java. 


Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, in the collection of E. H. Andriesse, Esq., 
Dampit, Java. 


D. Farmeri has prominently angled bulbs 
of 12 to 18 inches in height, and is in many 
ways similar to the above species. The 
raceme 1s more loosely flowered, the sepals 
and petals when first expanding are often of 
a pale mauve colour, which changes in the 
The lip 
is of a deep rich yellow, the margin often pure 


course of a few days to pure white. 


128 TE 
white. Owing to this change of colour much 
confusion has arisen, the plants often being 
mistaken for D. thyrsiflorum when the flowers 
are in a white state, and for D. densiflorum 
when the flowers are yellow. D. Farmeri 
aureo-flava has been used to denote a 
Burmese variety in which the flowers are 
wholly yellow. The variety parviflora has been 
given by Regel to a smaller flowering type. 


CYMBIDIUM 


taken in Cymbidium hybrids the fol- 
lowing particulars are of interest :— 

Cymbidium eburneo-Lowianum (eburneum 
x Lowianum). This very beautiful hybrid 
was raised by Seden and exhibited by Messrs. 
Veitch and Sons at the Royal Horticultural 
society, March 12th, 1889, when it was 
awarded a First-class Certificate. C. Lowi- 
anum concolor, a variety without the usual 
red blotch on the hp, has also been used, 
but i most cases the blotch is perpetuated 
in the resulting hybrid. 

C. Winnianum (giganteum x Mastersi1). 
This hybrid originated in the collection of 
Mr. Charles Winn, Birmingham, and a 
specimen plant with five flower spikes was 
shown at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
November 1st, 1892, by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons. 

C. Maroni (grandiflorum x Mastersii). A 
comparatively long period elapsed from the 
flowering of the second hybrid until C. Maronit 
made its appearance in 1900, when it flowered 
with Mons. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France. 

C. Lowio-Mastersu (Lowianum x Mastersii). 
This, the third raised garden hybrid from 
Mastersu, was exhibited by Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co., Royal Horticultural Society, 
February 11th, 1902, when it received an 
Award of Merit. 

C. Lowio-grandiflorum (grandiflorum x 
Lowianum). Another of Messrs. Veitch’s 
interesting hybrids, and shown by them at 
the Royal Horticultural Society, February 
11th, 1902, when an Award of Merit was 
obtained for the plant. 


Ee view of the great interest now being 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [March, 1913. 
All these Burmese Dendrobiums require a 
very hot and moisture-laden atmosphere 
for their cultivation during the growing 
season. Plenty of sunshine is required 
to ripen their bulbs, on the completion 
of which the plants may be kept in a 
lower temperature and under drier atmos- 
pheric conditions until after their flowering 
season. 


HYBRIDS. 


C. Wiganianum (eburneum x Tracyanam). 
Messrs. Sander and Sons first flowered this 
hybrid, February, 1902. 

C. Lowgrinum (tigrinum x Lowianuin). 
Mr. R. I. Measures bloomed this hybrid, 
March, 1903. 

C. Tracyano-giganteum (Tracyanum <x 
giganteum). An elegant plant first flowered 
by Mr. J. T. Bennett-Poe, December, 1903. 

C. woodlandense (Tracyanum x Mastersi). 
A very interesting hybrid, flowered by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, October, 1904. 

C. eburneo-giganteum (eburneum x gigan- 
teum). Received an Award of Merit, Royal 
Horticultural Society, February 13th, 1906, 
when exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co. 

C. Holfordianum (eburneum x 
florum). 


erandi- 
One of the finest of the eburneum 
The plant was shown by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, February 13th, 1906, when a First- 
class Certificate was awarded. 

C. Colmanie (eburneo-Lowianum x ebur- 
neum). A very pretty hybrid, first shown by 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, May Ist, 1906, when it 
received an Award of Merit. 

C. Cravenianum (Lowianum x Tracyanum). 
First shown by Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, 
Royal Horticultural Society, December oth, 
1900. 

C. Woodhamsianum (Lowianum x eburneo- 
Lowianum). First flowered by Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, March, 1907. An 
Award of Merit was given to the Orchidhurst 
variety of this hybrid, February 23rd, 19009. 


crosses. 


March, 1913.| Lite ORCHIDS WORLD: 129 


Cymbidium Wiganianum (eburneum X Tracyanum). 


A fine variety, in the establishment of Messrs. J]. G@ A. McBean, Cooksbridge. Flower greenish-yellow, 
with red spotting on lip. 


C. gattonense (Lowianum x Tracyanum). 
Received an Award of Merit, Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, January 28th, 1908. Owing 
to the parentage being similar to that of C. 
Cravenianum this hybrid must now be 
considered a variety of it. 

C. Lady Colman (eburneo-Lowianum x 
Tracyanum). A very beautiful hybrid, which 
received an Award of Merit when exhibited 

VOL. Il. 


by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, February 11th, 1908. 

C. rosefieldiense (Tracyanum x grandi- 
florum). This elegant hybrid was raised by 
Mr. de Barri Crawshay, and first flowered 
December, 1909. An Award of Merit was 
granted to the plant, January oth, 1912. 

C. Pluto (Mastersu x Tracyanum). Raised 
in the Westonbirt collection and flowered 


7 


130 THE 


December, 1910. The parentage is the same 
as that of C. woodlandense, of which it must 
now be considered a variety. 

C. glebelandense (Schréder1 x insigne). 
The first hybrid from the newly introduced 
insigne. Flowered by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, 
January, 1911. C. Schroderi is an Annam 
species allied to giganteum and Lowianum, 
but has smaller petals. It first appeared in 
Baron Schréder’s collection, April, 1905. 

C. Pauwelsu (insigne x  Lowianum). 
Exhibited by Messrs. Pauwels, Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, February 14th, 1911, when 
it received an Award of Merit. 

C. langleyense (Lowianum x Devonianum),. 
A very interesting hybrid, raised by Messrs. 
Veitch, and shown at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, February 28th, 1911, when it obtained 
an Award of Merit. 

C. Alexanderi (eburneo-Lowianum «x 
msigne). A beautiful result, named in honour 
of the raiser and exhibited by Lieut.-Col. 
Sir George Holford, Royal Horticultural 
Society, March 14th, 1911, when an Award 
of Merit was secured. 

C. Gottianum (eburneum «x __ insigne). 
Exhibited by Messrs. Sander and Sons, and 
received an Award of Merit, Royal Horti- 
cultural Society, March 14th, 191. 

C. Schlegel (Wiganianum x insigne). 
An elegant hybrid, raised by Messrs. McBean, 
and shown by them at the Royal Hoiti- 
cultural Society, January 23rd, 1912, when it 
received an Award of Merit. 

C. Doris (Tracyanum x insigne). One of 
the best of the insigne crosses. Received 
First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural 
Society, October 22nd, 1912, when exhibited 
by the raisers, Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 

The following are natural hybrids :— 

C. Ballianum (eburneum x  Mastersii). 
The parentage has never been proved, but 
as both species grow together there appears 
every reason to believe that it is correct. 

C. Gammieanum (giganteum x _ elegans). 
The flowers of this hybrid combine tne 
characters of both species, and as these grow 
together in Sikkim the parentage may be 
taken as correct. The plant is dedicated to 
Mr. J. A. Gammie, of the Government 
Cinchona Plantation in Sikkim. 


ORCHID 


WORLD. [March, 1913. 


C. Maggie Fowler (giganteum x elegans) 
was exhibited by Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Royal 
Horticultural Society, October 24th, 1905, 
when it received an Award of Merit. If the 
suggested parentage proves correct it must 
be considered a variety of Gammieanum. 

C. TAnsoni (Lowianum x Tracyanum). 
This natural hybrid has appeared on more 
than one occasion, and although it is as yet 
imperfectly understood, the suggested paren- 
tage is believed to be correct. 


Cymbidium insigne, photographed from a specimen 
in the collection of Count Joseph de Hemptinne, 
St. Denis, Westrem, Ghent. 


131 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


‘GUE 


March, 1913.| 


"u0lpDAISN]] 


ay] aonpoidas of unjssjuiad pury sof  ainjjno}j10Fy fo Jousno/ ,, 247 fo 4101p] 24} OF payqapu} e1D ayy 
‘P1Y21Q) asnoy-]009 uMmo1s fiyispa uv ‘uinupj}moT wnipi}quh+) 


132 THE JORGHUD 


WORLD. [March, 1913. 


ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. 


honoured place in the amateur’s col- 
Their elegant foliage and 


Gone may well take an 


lection. 
general stately appearance leaves little to be 
desired, and their culture 1s by no means difh- 
cult; as a matter of fact, they have been seen 
growing vigorously in houses which at first 
sight seem quite unsuitable for Orchid cul- 
ture. No amateur need hesitate to acquire a 
representative selection from this genus, for 
whether they be species or hybrids, almost all 
give excellent results in the production of 
long-lasting flowers. 

In the way of potting material no difficulties 
will be encountered, almost any open compost 
will suit their requirements. Naturally, one 
desires to know which is the best material to 
use in order to obtain the finest results; a 
mixture of about one-half good fibrous loam 
and the other half rough peat or osmunda 
fibre is quite suitable. The old compost from 
Cattleyas and Odontoglossums, so long as it 
is not too rotten, may be saved for working 
in with the Cymbidium mixture, and some 
slight saving in the cost of potting material is 
an item well worthy of the small amateur’s 
attention. Sphagnum moss is not really 
necessary, but when a plentiful supply can be 
obtained its use is frequently beneficial during 
the hottest and driest days of summer, when 
its moisture holding nature assists in keeping 
the compost in a suitably moist condition. 

Cymbidiums are coarse rootiny plants and 
require large pots for the accommodation of 
their roots. When so treated the plants make 
rapid headway, and large specimens are 
rapidly produced. No doubt the finest flower- 
ing results are obtained when a strong plant 
has practically filled its pot with roots, and so 
vigorous is this root. action that it is often 
found impossible to repot the plant without 
breaking the old pot and removing the pieces 
separately. 

Cymbidiums are among the few Orchids 
which may receive weak supplies of liquid 
manure without detrimental effect. But even 
with these plants careful attention is always 
required to see that they do not suffer from 


too strong a dose or too frequent application. 
Plants which have been recently potted never 
require this extra st:mulation ; it is only those 
that have completely filled their pots with 
roots and need some nutriment to take the 
place of the exhausted compost. Manurial 
aid often produces very vigorous growth 
during one season, often making the plant 
overgrow itself, with the inevitable result that 
diminutive growth is made during the follow- 
ing season. Oftentimes the plant is poisoned, 
and recovery well nigh hopeless. 

The following species are quite suitable for 
cool house treatment :—C. eburneum, a beau- 
tiful North Indian plant with creamy-white 
flowers borne on erect stems; giganteum, an 
elegant species from the same country, and 
having long spikes of yellowish-green flowers 
striped with reddish-brown; grandiflorum, 
also known as Hookerianum, a magnificent 
plant from the Himalayas, the flowers cf 
which are very large, with green sepals and 
petals, and the immense lip yellow marked 
with red and crimson-purple. Lowianum is a 
Burmese species, somewhat similar to: gigan- 
teum; the front lobe of the lip has a crimson 
blotch, but this 1s absent in the variety known 
as concolor ; tigrinum comes from Moulmeim, 
and has olive-green sepals and petals, the lip 
marked with white and purple. Tracyanum 
is a native of Burma and is in every way a 
most desirable species; the large flower has 
an elegant hairy lip. 

Ceelogyne cristata is known to all 
Orchidists, yet there may be a few amateurs 
who have not so far included this North 
Indian species in their collection. The plant 
has the peculiar habit of crowding its bulbs to 
a remarkable degree, these frequently grow- 
ing one upon another until an almost solid 
mass is produced. The best flowering results 
are always obtained when the plant reaches 
this congested state, and has had but little 
root disturbance. As this species is so 
plentiful and, consequently, of comparative 
cheapness, there is no need to attempt its 
propagation by repeated division of the plant. 
The most satisfactory method of culture 


March, 1913. | 


is to keep the plants in masses as large 
as 1s conveniently possible, and in_ this 
way a good supply of bloom is generally 
produced. 

During the summer and growing season a 
cool atmosphere and plenty of moisture are 
required to ensure large bulbs being made. 
On completion of growth the plants should 
be placed in a drier and warm position, where 
they may remain during their winter period of 
rest. Many cultivators reap success by grow- 
ing the plants in the Odontoglossum house 
during the summer, and resting them in the 
Cattleya house during the winter time. By 
this method a fairly regular temperature is 
maintained. The flower-spike buds are 
frequently injured when the winter tempera- 
ture drops too low, and the consequent 
inability of the plants to produce flowers in the 
early spring is a constant source of disap- 
pointment to many amateurs, who cannot 
understand the cause of their failure. 

The flowers are arranged six to eight 
together on a drooping raceme produced from 


Toe ew TtLEreyY: ,OF 


precise age to which an Orchid bulb may 

attain before the term old may be correctly 
applied. Growers have varied in their ideas 
to the extent of several years, but for general 
purposes one may safely define the age as one 
of at least four years. Very much of the 
success in growing Orchids to their highest 
state of perfection depends upon the condi- 
tion of these old bulbs. If they are vigorous 
and give assistance to the new growth their 
retainment is advisable, but if, as often 
happens, they use for their subsistence food 
which should go to the formation of the new 
bulb then their removal is justified) The 
cultivator needs to carefully consider the 
factors that determme whether he should 
separate the old bulbs from the newly formed 
portion, or whether their continued attach- 
ment will be beneficial to the future growth 
of the plant. The general belief, more 
especially among older cultivators, is that the 


. is somewhat difficult to determine the 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 133 


the base of the bulbs; the blooms are pure 
white, with a prominent blotch of yellow on 
the crest of the lip. The variety alba is 
entirely pure white, and is one of the few 
albino Orchids in which the yellow pigment 
is absent. Dendrobium nobile virginale may 
here be mentioned as another example of the 
peculiarity of producing entirely pure white 
flowers. 

Sophronitis grandiflora is quite a_ little 
gem; its brilliant scarlet flowers are much 
admired, coming, as they do, in the dull winter 
time. The species is a native of Brazil, but 
grows with freedom in the cool house, 
especially if placed in small pans and _sus- 
pended from the roof. Nothing looks finer 
than a well-cultivated specimen smothered 
with these brilliant blooms. There are 
several distinct types, and the amateur would 
be well advised to purchase only plants of 
which he has seen the flower. A really good 
shaped variety is worthy of special attention, 
and there is little difficulty in disposing of 
propagated pieces. 


OLD BULBS. 


greater the number of bulbs the stronger and 
more valuable must be the specimen. Happily, 
the present-day and younger growers fully 
realise the erroneousness of this idea, and 
their continued success in the production of 
remarkable plants gives additional proof of 
the correctness of their opinion that old bulbs 
frequently act injuriously on the new growth 
and bulb. 

There is no need to search far for material 
that will help us in obtaining a clear com- 
prehension of the matter. Almost every 
collection contains a plant, either species or 
hybrid, consisting of about eight successively 
formed bulbs, the back or old ones of which 
are fairly plump and, therefore, naturally lead 
us to suppose that their apparent healthy and 
vigorous condition is of assistance to the 
leading growth. To prove whether this be a 
fact or not, the rhizome, or horizontal stem 
connecting the bulbs at their base, should be 
severed at a place that will separate three or 


134 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


more of the oldest bulbs. If these forthwith 
commence te shrivel it is a sure sign that they 
have been deprived of their source of nutri- 
ment. In other words, it gives good proof 
that they have been living upon the newer 
and well-rooted portion. From these facts it 
is easy to infer that their connection with the 
leading growth must have been prejudicial. 

Now if these old bulbs were well supplied 
with active roots they could easily maintain 
themselves in plump condition, but their rapid 
shrivelling proves conclusively that they are 
without these organs of nutrition. The 
removal of these old bulbs effectually discon- 
tinues the serious drain which they make upon 
the newly-formed portion, with the result that 
the roots are able to give the whole of their 
power to support the recently made bulbs and 
to nourish the new growth. 

If, however, the old bulbs which have been 
separated remain in a plump condition we 
have evidence that they are self-supporting in 
their manner of life, and are not likely to 
visibly injure the new growth. In some plants 
it is quite possible that the roots still attached 
to the old bulbs are extremely vigorous, and 
when so they may be able to give extra 
assistance to the new growth. In these cases, 
which are exceptional, it would not be good 
policy to divide the plant. 

The foregoing remarks apply more especially 
to plants which have been under cultivation 
for a period of four or more years. Let us 
now consider more intimately examples from 
recently imported plants. For the first few 
months, sometimes as long as a year, the large 
supply of reserve material in the bulbs greatly 
assists the new growth, and it is more than 
probable that this nutriment having been 
collected in the plant's natural home is more 
suitable than that made under artificial con- 
ditions. Orchid growers frequently notice 
how strongly made are some of the new 
growths produced from recently imported 
plants. They are full of native vigour is a 
common expression. 

Now the new growth requires a con- 
siderable amount of this reserve food for its 
completion, most of which is taken from the 


[March, 1913. 


old bulbs. In due course roots are emitted 
from the newly-made bulb, and these have 
not only to supply it with food but have also 
the great task of replenishing the shrivelled 
back bulbs. The question then arises: Is it 
necessary that these old bulbs should be 
resuscitated? Have they not answered their 
purpose in supplying the new growth with 
food until such time as it is able to make new 
roots and gather its own? Their removal at 
this period would enable the whole of the 
nutriment secured by the roots to go to the 
formation of the new growth, an cccurrence 
which must result in a stronger plant being 
produced. Old bulbs when once they have lost 
their store of food seek every opportunity to 
replenish it, and the first chance they have is 
when the new growth commences root action. 
These old members of the plant thus steal the 
food intended for the young generation. 

Orchidists are well aware of the fact that 
they cannot often obtain an abundance of 
flower and rapid enlargement of the plant 
during the same year. One must give place 
to the other. Everyone knows full well that 
if the flowers are cut soon after opening very 
little loss of vigour to the plant will result. 
But there are occasions, as, for instance, 
important exhibitions, when the flowers are 
required to last in perfection for many days, 
and frequently have to be kept for a week or 
more until the appointed date. With such 
great events it is usual for considerable 
preparations to be made. Plants are often 
selected a year or more in advance and grown 
purposely for the cccasion. Here we have a 
special use for plants which have not been 
divided. The more storage capacity they 
have so much the longer will they be able to 
continue the supply of food to the open 
flowers, and, consequently, so much the longer 
will the blossoms last in perfection. It will 
thus readily be seen that old bulbs, so long as 
they are healthy, may be utilised to act as 
reservoirs for collecting the nutriment formed 
during an extensive period of culture, such 
a reserve amount of food being absolutely 
necessary when unusual and lengthy periods 
of floral display are required. 


March, 1913.| THES ORCHID WORED: gl 


TAEIR “POPULARITY AND ‘CULTURE. 


ORCHIDS: 


HE Bath Gardeners’ Mutual Improve- 
Ty: ment Association had the pleasure, on 
February 13th, of hearing Mr. H. G. 
Alexander give a lecture on “ Orchids: Their 
Popularity and Culture.” The following are 
some of the principal points touched upon by 
foe lecturer ¢—— 

In the early days, Orchids, as soon as 
received, were consigned into houses wherein 
a hot, steamy atmosphere without ventilation 
was maintained at all times, a method 
adopted to imitate the damp, close jungle in 
which all tropical Orchids were then supposed 
to have their home. It was towards the 
middle of the nineteenth century when a 
change of system in growing Orchids was 
brought about by cultivators, who, grasping 
the truth that more attention should be paid 
than hitherto to the climatic conditions under 
which the plants grow at the various altitudes 
in the Tropics, altered their cultural treatment 
accordingly, and kept a more reasonable 
temperature by admitting fresh air into the 
houses. 

There is no branch of modern horticulture 
that exhibits such wonderful progress as that 
of the cultivation of Orchids. Their popu- 
larity to-day is greater than any other class of 
plants that require to be grown under glass. 
It is by no means necessary to have a com- 
plete range of greenhouses before embarking 
on their culture. True it is that numerous 
structures, with their various atmospheres and 
temperatures, may be necessary for the man 
who grows a thoroughly representative collec- 
tion of the family, but, as many of the plants 
requiring this extreme treatment are more 
curious than beautiful, it will readily be seen 
that such elaborate preparations are not really 
necessary. Anyone wishing to add grace to 
the ordinary run of greenhouse plants will 
find one or two houses amply sufficient 
to successfully grow a very large and 
representative collection of beautiful Orchids. 

If only one house is devoted to their 
culture, the amateur would be well advised in 
keeping this at an intermediate temperature, 
that is, a minimum winter temperature of 


uw 


50 to 55 degrees at night, and 55 to 0odegrees 
by day; these figures to mse in summer 
5 degrees by artificial heat, and up to 
80 degrees when the sun is bight. In this 
house it is possible to grow a great variety of 
Orchids, including some of the showiest and 
most beautiful kinds in existence. Cattleyas, 
Lelias, and their numerous hybrids, are a 
host in themselves, keeping up a succession of 
gorgeous flowers the whole year through. 
Dendrobiums of many beautiful kinds may 
also be included, leaving out such kinds as 
any that require the strongest heat. The 
beautiful blue Orchid, Vanda ccerulea, and 
that other lovely autumn-flowering — kind, 
Vanda Kimballiana, will both make them- 
selves at home in this temperature. 
pediums are, perhaps, amongst the most 
useful Orchids under cultivation. In short, 
there is no lack of beautiful and easily-grown 
Orchids, be it for the cool, intermediate, or 
warm house. In contrast to the very high 
price paid for novelties is the very cheap rate 
at which these popular species and hybrids 
can now be obtained. 

Taking into consideration the nature and 
general character of Orchids, especially the 
epiphytic species, one does not wonder that to 
master the essentials of their successful culti- 
vation a longer time is required than is the 
case with other plants. Growers fail to 
recognise the treatment necessary to enable 
them to keep their plants in a thriving state 
for an indefinite period. It does not require 
more than an ordinary acquaintance with 
Orchids to see by the character of their 
growth that Nature has made a special pro- 
vision for their continual existence. In the 
bulbous species the roots which nourish the 
plant are confined to the newly-made pseudo- 
bulbs, while the roots of the back bulbs die 
after a lapse of time, but the better the 
cultivation the slower the decay. 

In the bulbless species, Vandas, etc., the 
natural provision for their existence 1s equally 
apparent. The lower part of the stems, after 
the leaves and roots they produced are 
decayed, die gradually upwards, but the upper 


Cypri- 


136 DHE OR CHTD I WiO RIED: 


part 1s quite independent of the dead portion 
below, which has simply to be removed to 
enable the plant and its source of nourishment 
to be again brought in contact. 

It is impossible to lay down any rules as the 
best for the culture of Orchids. The plants 
are often found thriving under such very 
opposite treatment, and as one cannot be 
certain that the conditions and surroundings 
are in all cases precisely similar, much more 
can be done by suggestions than by definite 
advice. Observation and common sense are 
very important factors 1f combined with that 
system of culture, the nearest to nature. 

Nothing is more injurious to the plants than 
too high a temperature ; many would be far 
better in cooler quarters than are at present 
allowed. A very important matter is to see 
that a lower temperature is kept at night than 
in the day, for nothing is more injurious than 
anything contrary to natural conditions. So 
sensitive are all plants, and especially Orchids, 
to atmospheric influence, that no matter how 
well they are treated in other ways, they 
cannot long continue in a_ satisfactory 
condition unless a proper atmosphere 1s 
maintained about them. The state of the 
atmosphere is of equal, if not of greater, 
importance than the potting compost. 

Light, the very life of most plants, is less 
under our control than any other factor. 
Possibly in no other detail are Orchids so 
lable to be mismanaged as in respect to 
shading. All young growers should make a 
special point of grasping the full value of 
light. There are few growers engaged to-day 
in Orchid cultivation who have not noticed 
during the past season the healthy vigour and 
growth of nearly all Orchids that benefit by 
heat and sunshine, sure evidence of how very 
beneficial was the hot weather of 1911, when 
during that rare and ideal summer we enjoyed 
in this country so many months of brilliant 
sunshine. The season of 1912 will not give 
us such satisfactory results. 

The watering of Orchids is one of the most 
important operations connected with their 
culture. The majority of the terrestrial kinds 
require proportionally more water at the roots 
than the epiphytic kinds. The family of 


[March, 1913. 


Cattleyas and Lalias require comparatively 
little water at their roots, the only exception 
being in the height of their growing season. 
If furnished with plenty of live roots they 
seldom shrivel, even when the pots show 
scarcely a vestige of moisture. The roots 
already in the dry material continue to grow, 
unmistakable evidence of the condition 
favourable to the health of the plant. In nine 
cases out of ten the season’s growth precedes 
root action by a longer or shorter period, and 
in this matter of watering we should be 
euided by Nature, only supplying water in 
quantities to the roots when it is seen by their 
activity that increased quantities are called 
for by the demands made on the plants by 
developing growth. 

While there is no royal road to Orchid 
culture other than the long and certain one 
of observation and _ practical experience, 
Orchids can be successfully grown by the 
gardener who is a good cultivator of green- 
house plants if he takes to them and really 
studies their wants. And since so many of 
the most showy and useful kinds are sold so 
cheaply, a large measure of quiet enjoyment 
can be derived from these interesting plants 
without extravagant expenditure. 

The one matter which has, more than any 
other, revolutionised Orchid culture is the art 
of hybridising and raising seedlings. This 
important part of Orchidology has created an 
entirely new interest, and fanciers are no 
longer dependent on importations of the 
plants from foreign countries. At the present 
time seedling Orchids are raised freely, and 
these home-raised plants are more easily 
cultivated than imported plants, naturally so 
because they are acclimatised from birth. 

This combination of circumstances could 
scarcely fail to make for advancement, and 
it 1s to these, together with the reduction in 
price, and last, but not least, to the intelligence 
and sagacity of our practical growers on 
whom laid, in the past, the responsibility of 
cultivating rare and costly collections, that the 
wonderful progress is due, and which has 
exploded for ever the idea that England is, 
as Sir Joseph Hooker once observed, the 
grave of tropical Orchids. 


March, 1913.| THE “ORCHID” WORLD. 


Cattleya Lord ‘Rothschild albescens. 
Al fine example from the Establishment of Messrs. J. & A. McBean, 


Cooksbridge. 


oe) 


NI 


138 VHE ORCHID WORLD. [March, 1913. 


Brasso-Cattleya Menda. 


A beautiful hybrid, in the collection of Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey. 
Received First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, February 18th, 1913. 


March, 1913.| THe ORCHID 


CATTLEYA LORD ROTHSCHILD. 
(See I/Ilustration.) 
lhe elegant hybrid between C. Gas- 


kelliana and C. aurea was first raised 

and flowered by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons, October, 1893. C. Gaskelliana being a 
summer-flowering species and C. aurea an 
autumn-flowering plant, it is not often that 
both species can be obtained in flower at the 
same time, so that the hybrid is likely to 
remain comparatively rare. The difficulty is 
sometimes overcome by obtaining a_ late 
blooming plant of the former parent and an 
early flower of the aurea, or, as is now 
frequently done, the pollen of the Gaskelhana 
may be preserved until the autumn, when its 
vitality is usually sufficient for fertilisation, 
although it must be said that the best and 
most fertile seed pods are formed when the 
pollen is fresh. 

The increasing difficulty which hybridists 
experience in making new primary crosses 1s 
largely due to the fact that the number of 
good species is strictly limited. This scarce- 
ness of new material has induced them to 
re-make many of the older hybrids by the use 
of only the finest varieties of the species in 
question, and this is partly why we find that a 
rise in value has taken place in extremes of 
the type. On the one hand we see very dark, 
richly coloured forms of Gaskeiliana produc- 
ing hybrids similarly coloured, as, for example 
in the Westonbirt variety of C. Lord Roths- 
child, and, on the other hand, the use of 
Gaskelliana alba has created many very 
delicate and albino forms of the same hybrid. 

The illustration in this issue depicts a very 
beautiful variety of C. Lord Rothschild 
named albescens, a term now used to denote 
flowers which are not entirely white, although 
in this example the sepals and petals are pure 
white and the lip shghtly marked with rose- 
purple. The term alba should only correctly 
be applied to flowers entirely without the 
purple pigment. 

To Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
is due the credit of raising and flowering this 
beautiful albescens variety, which also is 
remarkable for the large amount of bright 


WORLD. 13 


volden-yellow colour to be seen on the larger 
part of the labellum. 
that almost all the seedlings which have so 


It 1s interesting to note 


far flowered from this pod are equally 
beautiful and distinct in the way of the 
golden-yellow labellums. 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA MENDA, 
(See [Ilustration.) 


A very beautiful addition to the hybrids 
of Brassovola Digbyana was exhibited at the 
Royal Horticultural Society, February 18th, 
1913, by Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, 
Surrey, who received a First-class Certificate 
for Brasso-Cattleya Menda, a new hybrid 
obtained by crossing Cattleya labiata with 
Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano-Mossie. Albino 
varieties of both parents were used, resulting 
in a very choice and beautiful pure white 
flower, the only exception being a very bright 
purple blotch on the centre of the labellum, 
which gives to the bloom a singularly attrac- 
tive appearance. The pretty fringe to the 
labellum imparts a finishing touch of elegance 
to the flower, and another gem has been 
added to the Ashtead Park collection, so 
ably managed by Mr. S. Farnes. 


NEW. sHYBRIDS: 


L4&LIA SUSANNA-—A very interesting 
hybrid between L. pumila and L. Dayana has 
been raised by Mr. Eustace F. Clark, of Ever- 
shot, Dorset. The parents are very closely 
allied, but Dayana 1s easily distinguished by 
the prominent purple keels on the lip. These 
are well inherited in the hybrid, although to a 
lesser degree. The- shoulders and front lobe 
of the lip are rich purple, the upper part of the 
throat bright yellow. The two parents are 
sometimes considered as varieties of the same 
species, and if Mr. Clark’s flower had been 
discovered in an importation of the plant it 
would have been taken by some students as a 
proof that the two cannot be definitely 
separated. L. pumila, L. Dayana, and L. 
prestans are now generally given specific 
rank. 


140 AVSiS, KOIRMEISUUD) Wi QUSILID). 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CASSANDRA. Mr. de 
Barri Crawshay has raised this interesting 
hybrid by crossing Urania with crispum. The 
former parent is crispum x cristatellum (cris- 
tatum x Kegeljani). The flower of Cassandra 
is creamy-yellow with purple-brown spots and 
blotching. Lip broad at apex, and with a 
very spiny crest. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CALYPso.—tThe result 
of crossing triumphans and Lambeauianum, 
this hybrid has recently flowered in Mr. Craw- 
shay’s collection at Sevenoaks. The light 
yellow ground of the flower is evenly marked 
with reddish-brown blotches. The lip has the 
characteristic blotch of triumphans. 

DENDROBIUM CREOLE.— This pretty 
hybrid, reminding one of a richly coloured 
nobile, has been raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle 
in the Scampston Hall collection. The 
parentage is Dominianum (Linawianum x 
nobile) and nobile virginale. The violet- 
purple colouring on the tips of the segments'is 
very effective. The cross was made to prove 
the influence of nobile virginale, but this albino 
character has been entirely lost in the seedling. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM CLARE—One of the 
prettiest of the cirrhosum hybrids has just 
flowered in the Warnham Court collection, 
Horsham. The parents are cirrhosum and 
Ossulstonu (Pescatorei x crispo-Harryanum), 
and the flower much resembles a glorified 
cirrhosum. The rather narrow, pointed seg- 
ments are prettily twisted at their tips, and 
the rose-purple blotching is regularly arranged 
on a white ground. 

CATTLEYA JANTHE—A new 
between ‘C..- Mossi “ands C: 
(Warscewiczii x superba) has been raised and 
flowered by Messrs. Veitch and Sons, the 
large rose-purple sepals and petals making a 
pleasing contrast to the richly coloured violet- 
purple lip. Messrs. Veitch first flowered C. 
Macenas in 1895. 

OpoONTIODA Don.—This hybrid between 
C. Noezliana and O. Lindleyanum cannot be 
classed with the best of the Odontiodas. The 
starry nature of the flowers with their dingy 
colour is not very attractive. Recently 
flowered by Messrs. J. and A. McBean, 
Cooksbridge. 


hybrid 
Maceenas 


[March, 1913. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CLEOPATRA.—Carmania 
(Harryanum x cristatellum) x Vuylstekei 
are the parents of this hybrid which has 
recently been raised by Mr. Crawshay. The 
slightly incurved petals and the orbicular 
labellum are handsomely marked with 
crimson-brown. Apex of lip white. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA  MARILIANA. — An 
elegant hybrid between B.-C. Marie (Dig- 
byana x Warner) and C. Percivaliana has 
been raised by Mr. F. C. Puddle in the 
Scampston Hall collection, Rillington, York. 
The large, bright rose-purple flower has the 
margin of the petals and lip prettily crisped 
and minutely fringed. The throat of the 
rich purple lip is orange-yellow. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA MANTINENSIS.—Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, have pro- 
duced this useful and variable hybrid by 
crossing C. Mantinu with L.-C. Behrensiana. 
The flower is an improvement on Mantinu, 
and the hybrid is a robust grower. 


LAELIO-CATTLEYA AEs: 
(See Coloured Plate.) 


cinnabarina Schréderee 


| | 
— 


Mossice 


eal ate 
G. Te 
| 


Helius 


been well applied to this wonderful 

hybrid with its golden-yellow and sun- 
coloured tints. Although the production of 
large yellow-flowering Cattleyas has been 
attempted by almost every hybridiser, and 
various methods have from time to time been 
suggested, we are still without any definite 
means by which our object may be secured. 
lt has been said that all—and these are very 
few—our successes in obtaining these rari- 
ties are instances of good luck, or of the laws 
of chance over which we appear to have no 
control. Whatever amount of truth there may 
be in these statements is of little consequence. 
One thing remains certain, that before any 
success 1s obtained some suitable substance or 


s 


Hic’ the Greek name of the sun, has 


PREEIO-CATILEYA HELIUS. 


March, 1913.] 


factor must be in the material from which we 
are to construct our anticipated yellow 
flowering Orchid. 

On previous occasions we have remarked 
on Lelia Cowanii, L. harpophylla, and L. 
xanthina as being suitable species for produc- 
ing a yellow flower.  Leelia cinnabarina, 
however, although containing red and yellow, 
has invariably been used with the idea of 
bestowing a reddish tint, and, it must be said, 
with no small amount of success, but in this 
instance its powerful influence has resulted in 
the yellow colouring matter being spread over 
the whole of the large flower derived from the 
combination of Mossiz and Schrédere. The 
rich red of the cinnabarina parent has almost 
disappeared, leaving only the yellowish por- 
tion to be carried forward, most probably by 
the influence of the Schrédere, for this latter 
species has a wonderful effect in varying the 
colour in hybrids of which it is a parent. It 
is a well-known fact that great diversity 
appears in the numerous hybrids known as 
Lelio-Cattleya G. S. Ball (cinnabarina x 
Schrédere), and also in L.-C. Fascinator 


DHE ORCHID 


WORLD. 141 


(purpurata x Schroder). One does not like 
to suggest how this variation in colour takes 
place, or in how many of the seeds from this 
pod is it likely to occur. 

The variety of Helius represented in our 
coloured plate may be the only example of 
its kind possessing such remarkable colour, or 
others may eventually flower of somewhat 
similar design. A large number of seedlings 
have been raised, all showing more or less the 
distinct cinnabarina habit of growth, and of 
those which have flowered, now a considerable 
number, no other in any way approaching our 
illustration has appeared. Lzelio-Cattleya 
Helius has been raised by Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean in their extensive establishment at 
Cooksbridge, where the numerous plants of 
this hybrid are being grown. The superb and 
remarkable variety, so well reproduced in our 
coloured plate, has passed into the valuable 
and renowned collection of Baron Bruno 
Schroder, where its sun-like nature imparts 
increasing radiance to the many _ other 
heavenly flowers that never fail to welcome 
the sunshine of the sky. 


ROA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 


February 4th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (@n the chair); Mr. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart. Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. de B. 
Crawshay, Gurney Wilson, J. S. Moss, W. H. 
White ne yer ts E. Shill J. (@ypher, H. G. 
Alexander, J. Charlesworth, F. Sander, F. J. 
Hanbury, S. Low, J. Wilson Potter, W. Cobb, 
T. Armstrong, W. Bolton, R. A. Rolfe, W. H. 
Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, and C. J. Lucas. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for an attractive group of excellent hybrids. 
Of special merit were Oncidioda Cooksoniz 
and Oncidium splendidum aureum, the latter 
a very rare albino form. MHelcia sanguino- 
lenta and the rare Zygopetalum Mackayi 
Charlesworthu were also shown. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a very 


interesting exhib:t of rare botanical Orchids, 
including Lela Lundu, with its miniature 
flowers having the lp veined with purple- 
blue; Pleurothallis cardiothallis, with a 
singular red-brown flower in the centre 
of a large leaf; and various species and 
hybrids. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
smart group of Calanthe hybrids, Phalznopsis, 
and many excellent Cypripediums. 

Messrs. Jas. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, 
obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for a good 
group of Cypripediums, Cattleyas, including 
the elegant Trianze Courtauldiana, Odonto- 
glossum hybrids, and several useful Oncidiums. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. Bush Hill 
Park, Enfield, received a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a very attractive group of Cattleya 
Triane, several varieties being of exceptionally 
good form. Well-flowered specimens of 


142 THE ORCHID 


Dendrobium Wardianum, and Cymbidiums 
were also shown. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, secured 
a Bronze Banksian Medal for a very neat 
group of choice Orchids. Those of special 
merit included Cattleya Empress Frederick, 
Laelio-Cattleya  callistoglossa, the elegant 
Cypripedium Venus, and Muiltonia Warsce- 
WICZ11. 

Mr. W. A. Manda, St. Albans, was awarded 
a Silver Banksian Medal for a comprehensive 
exhibit of Cattleyas, the varieties of Trianz 
being numerous, one, named American 
Beauty, was singularly attractive. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, staged 
Cattleya Triane albo-violacea, Triane 
ceerulea, with a slate-blue lp, and a good 
Cypripedium hybrid between aureum yirginale 
and Venus var. George Singer. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbrt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), showed 
Lzlio-Cattleya Dorothy (Schrodere x L.-C. 
Doris), with pinkish-buff flower having a 
crimson lip; Cypripedium Constantine, of 
unrecorded parentage, petals very broad ; and 
two varieties of Cymbidium Gottianum, 
named Dawn and The Pearl, flowers creamy- 
white with shght pink tinge on apex 
of lip. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited two well-grown specimens of 
Odontoglossum Lady Roxburgh (cirrhosum x 
percultum), the branching spikes having 
upwards of 70 flowers. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. G. E. Day), staged Odontoglossum 
Wiganianum “Goodson’s variety” (Wilck- 
eanum x Rolfe), bright yellow with dark 
brown markings; and Odontioda Thwaitesu, 
claret colour with rose lip. 

C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 
showed Odontoglossum Antiope var. Reseda 
(Rossii rubescens x Edwardi), a_ richly 
coloured flower of deep rose-purple with solid 
blotches on the inner parts of the segments, 
the crest and surrounding area yellow. Also 
O. Phocis (Phoebe x Solon), a pretty hybrid. 

de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks, exhibited three new Odontoglossum 
hybrids. See “New Hybrids.” 


WORLD. [March, 1913. 

H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea, Rainhill, 
Lancs., sent Cypripedium Euryades “New 
Hall Hey variety,” and C. Alcibiades illustris, 
both excellent specimens. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum ardentissimum Ebor, from 
Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield 
Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill)—A very handsome 
form with a spike of 21 large flowers 
elegantly blotched with claret-purple. 

Cymbidium Lady Colman var. Golden 
Queen (eburneo-Lowianum x Tracyanum), 
from Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton 
Park.—A very beautiful hybrid with large 
golden-yellow flowers having dotted lines of 
rose-purple. Lip yellowish-white with brown 
lines. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cymbidium glebelandense var. J. Davis 
(Schroderi x insigne), from J. Gurney Fowler, 
Esq. Glebelands, South Woodford——An 
elegant hybrid with erect 13-flowered spike. 
Flowers pale buff with reddish lines. Lip 
with red spotting. 

Odontoglossum amandum (Pescatorei x 
Wilckeanum), from C. J. Phillips, Esq., The 
Glebe, Sevenoaks.—A particularly distinct 
hybrid with chocolate blotches on a white 
ground. The lip well developed and with 
purple blotch. 

Oncidioda Cooksoniz (Oncidium macran- 
thum x Cochhoda Noezliana), from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co—An interesting cross 
in which the characters of both parents are 
plainly visible. Sepals dark red, petals 
lighter with yellow tips. 


February 18th, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present ; 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. Jas. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), and Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. J. S. Moss, Gurney Wilson, R. A. 
Rolfe, Stuart Low, F. M. Ogilvie, F. J. Han- 
bury, T. Armstrong, C. H. Curtis, W. Cobb, 


March, 1913. | 


J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, 
W. P. Bound, H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shull, 
W. H. White, S. Flory, W. Bolton, C. J. Lucas, 
R. Brooman-White, de B. Crawshay, and J. 
Wilson Potter. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney 
(gr. Mr. Geo. Day), received a Silver Flora 
Medal for an excellent group of various 
Orchids including many Odontiodas, of which 
mention must be made of Bradshawie and 
Thwaitesii, the erect flowering Phaius Norman 
and P. Marthe, Odontoglossum Lam- 
beauianum and several good forms of O. 
crispuin. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
received a Silver Flora Medal for an exten- 
sive group containing many excellent varieties 
of Cattleya Triane, ranging from pure white 
to very dark purple. | Lycaste Skinner, in 
fine variety, and a very bright golden-yellow 
form of Lelio-Cattleya Trimyra (Triane x 
Myra) were also shown. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Flora Medal for a 
well arranged group of various hybrids and 
the following noteworthy plants: Angraecum 
citratum, A. Leonis, Odontoglossum Anaphe 
(Uro-Skinneri x crispum), a very darkly 
blotched form of Miltonia Roezlu, and choice 
varieties of Lelia anceps. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal 
for an attractive group of Dendrobium 
Wardianum, many of the specimens being 
particularly well flowered, Cattleya Triane, 
Odontoglossum Edwardiu hybrids in variety, 
the elegant Cymbidium Wiganianum, and the 
curious Dendrobium Brymerianum. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a group 
of interesting Orchids, including Zygo- 
petalum crinitum, the elegant Angraecum 
eburneum, A. citratum, Phalaenopsis Schil- 
leriana, and several good Calanthes. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a group of well grown Orchids. The Cym- 
bidiums, which were of special merit, included 
Lowianum concolor x eburneum, of very 
beautiful creamy-green tint, the wax- 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 143 


like eburneum, and various hybrids of 
insigne. 

Mr. W. A. Manda, St. Albans, obtained a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a large group of 
Cattleya Trianz, including various varieties 
of the feathered petal type. Triane radiata 
and Mauve Gem were both distinct and 
beautiful. 

The Liverpool Orchid Co. were granted a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a nice group of 
cinnabarina hybrids, the various tints of 
orange being effective. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Engle- 
field Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill), exhibited 
Odontoglossum crispum “The Dell Sunrise,” 
a very peculiar form with a slight brownish- 
purple line on the extreme edge of the petals. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), 
exhibited Cattleya Triane Castor, a good 
variety with the lip rich purple; Lelio- 
Cattleya Valeria (luminosa x L.-C. Dora), 
with terra cotta segments; Cypripedium 
Prince Albert (Hera x Mrs. Mostyn), an 
elegant flower; and Cymbidium Gottianum. 

Mrs. Montagu, Lynford Hall, Mundford, 
Norfolk (gr. Mr. E. Hill), showed Cypripedium 
Mrs. F. J. O. Montagu (aureum Surprise x 
Leeanum Clinkaberryanum), a very distinct 
and elegant flower with amber-brown seg- 
ments, the dorsal having a broad white band 
on the upper part. A narrow line of purple 
in the centre of the dorsal and petals, other- 
wise no spotting. 

Edmund de Quincey, Esq. Oakwood, 
Chislehurst, staged a very pretty Cypripedium 
hybrid between concolor and Godseffianum, 
also a handsome Dendrobium (nobile nobilius 
x Juno). 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill, staged 
Cypripedium Ophir (exul x Calypso), and 
Odontoglossum eximium “ Perdita,” a hand- 
somely blotched flower. 

Miss FE. Baker-Baker, Elemore Hall, 
Durham, showed Bletia hyacinthina, a light 
form with pinkish-white flowers. 

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range, 
Manchester (gr. Mr. J. Brown), exhibited 
Odontoglossum crispum “Leonard Perfect,” 
a very well cultivated plant carrying a spike 


144 THE ORCHID 


of 14 large flowers. This variety has pre- 
viously received a F.C.C. 

Be M. Ogilvie) Esq Slihe Shrubbery, 
Oxford, sent Odontioda Mrs. F. M. Ogilvie, 
one of the finest of the Odontiodas, large 
flowers elegantly blotched with scarlet; and 
Odontoglossum crispum “ Lady Jane,” a well- 
known form with marking on the petals 
similar to those on the lip. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cattleya Triane “The Baron,” from Baron 
Bruno Schroder.—A very elegant and large 
flower with broad white sepals and _ petals, 
the lip shghtly tinted. 
beautiful flower. 

Brasso-Cattleya Menda (C. labiata x B.-C. 
Digbyano- Mossie “Queen Alexandra”), 
from Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey 
gr. Mr. S. Farnes)——An extremely beautiful 
flower, of large size, thick substance and 
pure white, a bright purple blotch on centre 
of labellum. 

Brasso-Cattleya Vilmoriniana Goodson’s 
var. (C. Mossiz x B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann), 
from H. S. Goodson, Esq., Putney.—A very 
bright and pretty hybrid. Flower large with 
deeply fringed labellum, throat orange colour, 
sepals and petals rosy-mauve. 

Cymbidium Alexanderi (eburneo-Lowianum 
x insigne), from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., 
Glebelands, South Woodford—The finest of 
the insigne hybrids. Flowers deep rosy-pink, 
veined with rose-purple, lip broad and spotted 
with red. 

Odontoglossum Amethyst Glebeland’s var. 
(Lambeauianum x eximium), flowers of 
perfect shape, with reddish-purple blotching 
on a rose ground. 


In every way a 


AWARD OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Leda (Percivaliana x aurea), from 
Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, Westonbirt.— 
Flowers of medium size, bright rose-purple, 
lip and throat veined with golden-orange. 


WORLD. [March, 1913. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


February Oth, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. (in the chair), R. Ashworth, J. 
Bamber, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, Dr. 
Hartley, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, W. J 
Morgan, C. Parker, F. K. Sander, H. Thorp, 
A. Warburton, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Gold Medal was awarded to O. O. 
Wrigley, Esq., Bury, for a magnificent group 
of excellent Orchids. 

Silver-gilt Medals were granted to Z. A. 
Ward, Esq., Northenden, for a good group of 
Odontoglossums ; and to R. Ashworth, Esq., 
Newchurch, for a fine selection. 

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to A. 
Warburton, Esq., Haslingden, for a good 
group; and Silver Medals to Col. J. Ruther- 
ford; .MLP.,. Blackburn; 2S. Gratrix, ssa 
Whalley Range; and Messrs. Cypher. 

A Bronze Medal was granted to Rev. 
J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors. Other 
exhibitors included H. J. Bromilow, Esq., H. 
Arthur, Esq., Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons, Mr. J. Evans, and Mr. W. 
Shackleton. 

AWARDS. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Cypripedium King Ferdinand (Hera 
Euryades x Mrs. Mostyn), a fine, well-shaped 
flower, very bright, from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Ceres var. Rossendale 
(Rossu x Rolfez), large flower, good colour, 
and well spotted, from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontoglossum Harlequin and Od. eximium 
var. Ellis Markindale, from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Cypripedium Venus (insigne x niveum), 
from Rey. J. Crombleholme. 

Odontoglossum Northern Star, from Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. 

Odontioda Diana var. Fire King, from R. 
Ashworth, Esq. 

Cymbidium Wiganianum (Tracyanum x 
eburneum), from H. Arthur, Esq. 

BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE. 

Bulbophyllum Dayanum, from Messrs. A. J. 

Keeling and Sons. 


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APRIL, 1913. 


———er sepa 
IN Ost ES. 


ORCHID PRIZES.—In connection with the 
Bristol and _ District Gardeners’ Mutual 
Improvement Society, the prizes offered by the 
President, Col. Cary Batten, J.P., for two 
Cypripediums, have been won by Messrs. 
Woodward, Jennings, and Parker. 

ey Gy OMY 

OrcHID AwaArbs.—The list of Orchid 
awards given by the Royal Horticultural 
Society from 1859 to 1909 has proved a useful 
work, and copies may still be had, price 5s. 
The commencement of the second volume, 
including all awards from the beginning of 
1910 to the end of 1912, is now ready and 
may be obtained from the Society, price 2s. 6d. 

ww w 

KEW GARDENS.—Donations to the Gardens 
during 1912 include West Indian Orchids 
from Mr. A. W. Hill; and other Orchids from 
Mr. G. Hartmann, Niederhéchstadt ; Mr. C. H. 
Lankester, Costa Rica; Mr. C. Roebelin, 
Bangkok; and Mr. F. S. Sillitoe, Khartoum. 
Dr. R. S. Rogers, Adelaide, sent Australian 
ground Orchids; and various specimens were 
given by Messrs. Sander and Sons. Among 
the specially noteworthy plants which flowered 
during the year were:—Catasetum, 20 
species; Coelogyne, 28 species; Coryanthes 
macrantha ; and Eulophiella Elizabethe. 

YY My MY 

KEW HERBARIUM.—Douring the year 1912 
about 32,000 specimens were received as 
donations or exchanges, while about 5,000 

VOL. Iii. 


were purchased. Sir Everard im Thurn, 
KM G;, presented’ to the library a 
copy of Lindley’s “Genera and Species 
of Orchidaceous Plants,” once the property of 


C. L. Blume. 


yw wy w 


THE CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION.— 
Some doubt having been expressed regarding 
the correct use of this certificate of the Royal 
Horticultural Society, it is as well to point out 
that it is by no means supposed to be awarded 
to the plant itself, but to those whose work 
is attended with horticultural scientific interest, 
or is such as may reasonably be expected to 
assist in the improvement of a strain or in 
creating a new break. A hybridist might 
receive the award in recognition of his work 
in connecting two diverse genera, or by 
producing a superior strain of any particular 
hybrid. A cultivator might also gain the 
certificate by making known any special and 
very successful method of cultivation. 


ey 4 ¥y 


THE DAVIDSON ANNUAL Cup. — The 
Council of the Royal Horticultural Society 
have accepted the kind offer 6f an Annual 
Silver Cup from Mr. E. H. Davidson, of 
Borlases, Twyford. In 1913 it will be 
awarded in open competition at the Chelsea 
Show, May 20th—22nd, for the finest Cattleya 
species. The decision of thé Council 1s final, 
and the cup may be withheld altogether at 
their discretion. The Council will not award 

18 


140 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


this high distinction unless satisfied and 
assured that the exhibit is, in the main, due 
to the work and capability of the exhibitor or 
his employees; on this point the Council may 
consult any expert not eligible to win the cup, 
and may reserve decision till the third day of 
the show. 

ORCHID SALE. — Duplicates from the 
Wilderspool collection formed by Mr. Wm. 
Bolton, of Warrington, were sold by Messrs. 
Protheroe and Morris on March 7th, 1913. 
The following figures are of interest: 
Cypripedium Boltonu, 2 growths, 15 gns. ; 
Cattleya gigas Frau Melanie Beyrodt, 4 bulbs, 
7 ens.; Odontoglossum crispum, fine shape, 
8 gns.; O. c. Luciani, 1 large bulb and new 
crowth, 10 gns.; O. c. The Nyzam, 5 bulbs, 
10 gns.; Cattleya Hardyana alba, 5 bulbs, 
16 gns.; and C. Souvenir de Queen Victoria, 


5 bulbs, 22 gns. 


PARTHENOGENESIS.—Mr. Wm. Bolton, of 
Warrington, kindly informs us of two other 
instances of supposed parthenogenesis. In 
the first case Dendrobium Wardianum was 
crossed with Dendrobium atro-violaceum, and 
all the seedlings which flowered proved to 
D. Wardianum. The second case was 
Cymbidium insigne crossed with Odonto- 
glossum amabile, and although no seedlings 
have as yet flowered, there is not the shghtest 
trace of the Odontoglossum parent in any of 
the plants. 

Ww w ww 

MILTONIA SPECTABILIS MORELIANA.— 
Since in many collections this magnificent 
Orchid does not thrive, nor flower satis- 
factorily, a few remarks upon a system of 
culture which seems to answer may be of 
interest to readers of the ORCHID WORLD. 
The coolest end of the Cattleya house must be 
utilised, and abundance of light and air are of 
the utmost importance, coupled with careful 
attention to watering, endeavouring to keep 
the compost in an even state of moisture 
Only give 
shade when the sun is sufficiently strong 


throughout the growing season. 


enough to scorch the leaves. Another point to 
which I attribute much of my success with this 


[April, 1913. 


Orchid is annual re-panning. This seems to 
give much encouragement to the young 
roots, and for compost a mixture of chopped 
osmunda fibre, oak leaves, and sphagnum moss 
has been found most beneficial. A proof of 
how well this system answers may be afforded 
when it may be remarked that one plant is 
now carrying a healthy seed pod, and the same 
bulb is throwing up two new leads as well. 
Three other plants are also carrying seed 
pods.—C. Alwyn Harrison. 
BRASSO-CATTLEYA MENDA—The future 
work of the hybridist will be much occupied 
with albino varieties, and, so far, there is 
evidence that considerable success will be 
obtained. Messrs. Hassall and Co., South- 
gate, have produced a beautiful result by 
crossing Cattleya labiata virginia, an albino 
form of the species, with the white variety of 
Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano-Mossiz known as 
Queen Alexandra. The flowers are of 
splendid substance, pure white, the only 
exception being a purple blotch on the centre 
of the labellum. The shape varies, especially 
in the width of the petals. A very fine variety 
of this hybrid was figured on page 138 of our 
last issue, and it will be interesting to see if 
any coloured forms appear. 
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DENDROBIUM SIBYL.—The history of this 
hybrid Dendrobium goes back to March 28th, 
1893, when Mr. N. C. Cookson obtained an 
Award of Merit for a plant he exhibited at the 
Royal Horticultural Society. The parentage 
was given as Linawianum x _ bigibbum, 
although it was noticed at the time that little, 
if any, trace of the latter parent was visible. 
The following year, on March 13th, a First- 
class Certificate was awarded to Mr. Cookson 
for a plant of the same name and parentage, 
it being again remarked how much the pollen 
parent had been obliterated. About the year 
1903, Mr. T. Armstrong, convinced that the 
stated parentage was incorrect, suggested that 
crassinode might have been used instead of 
bigibbum, and that it was his intention to raise 
a hybrid similar to Sibyl by crossing crassinode 
with Linawianum. Although several years 
elapsed before he could obtain both species in 


April, 1913.] THE ORCHID 


flower at the same period, the cross was 
eventually made, and now several of the 
resulting seedlings have flowered, and prove to 
be identical with the original Sibyl exhibited 
by Mr. Cookson. It is worthy of note that 
Mr. Armstrong used the variety of crassinode 
known as Barberianum, which is a great 
improvement on the original form of the 
species, the stems being stouter and the plants 
of stronger growth. 


ORCS vy 
YY Ye MY 


SELF versus CROSS FERTILISATION— 
The Gardeners’ Chronicle, in its issue of 
March 8th, contains an interesting letter 
from Prof. Henslow regarding the following 
sentence which occurred in an earlier number 
of the same publication: “We know from 
Darwin’s experiments that continued self- 
fertilisation results in certain cases ina striking 
reduction in the number of seeds.” “If,” 
writes Prof. Henslow, in reply, “we substitute 
‘abundance’ for reduction it would be equally 
true. Darwin’s first conclusion was that 
‘Nature abhors self-fertilisation, but he with- 
drew it after studying H. Miiller’s book on 
The Fertilisation of Flowers. Secondly, 
when I drew his attention to the fact that 
his experiments were already adapted for 
crossing, and neglected inconspicuous ones 
which are as habitually self-fertilised, he 
admitted the omission. Whatever evidence 
in Darwin’s experiments appear to favour 
inter-crossing, they can be paralleled by 
others favouring self-fertilisation. The final 
result appears to be that in the wild 
state self-fertilising plants, though sal/ 
and often annual, are far more prolific 
than those more or less dependent upon 
insects. All that Darwin’s experiments 
proved was that special and careful crossing 
was a temporary stimulating process; but 
there was no proof that it would have been 
of any permanent value—that is, in a here- 
ditary sense—to the plants and their progeny.” 
Prof. Henslow also remarks that teachers in 
schools persist in telling the pupils that self- 
fertilisation is “injurious,” and that the 
offspring will “die out,” etc. A complete 
fallacy! 


WORLD. 147 


ee | 


Liparis nana, a miniature Orchid. 


LIPARIS NANA.—This interesting littie 
plant, of which we give a life-size illustration, 
is a veritable miniature Orchid and one which 
may safely be included amongst the smallest 
members of the family. It was discovered 
growing on an imported plant of Cymbidium 
insigne in the establishment of Messrs. Hassall 
and Co., Southgate, who kindly sent it to us on 
account of its minuteness and singularity. The 
total height of the plant, including the inflor- 
escence, is only one and half inches, and the 
pot is one of the smallest sizes used for cuiti- 
vating these exotics. It isa native of Annam, 
terrestrial in habit, and has never been 
recorded until the technical description of it 
appeared in a recent number of the Kew 
Bulletin. Probably it could never have been 
imported alive by itself, its only chance of 
surviving the long journey being when under 
the care of the Cymbidium insigne, in whose 
mass of fibrous roots it remained undisturbed, 
and thus managed to exist until the 
favourable climate of an English Orchid house 
encouraged it to recommence growth and 
push forth the flower spike as seen in the 
illustration. It remains to state that the 
flowers are of a very dark purple colour and 
the formation of the labellum is characteristic 
of the genus. 


i48 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


GHENT EXHIBITION, 1913.—To the list on 
page 98 of English Orchidists who have been 
selected to act as members of the Jury, the 
names of Mr. J. S. Moss and Mr. R. A. Rolfe 
must be included. 


vy 
Na 


ORCHID GROWING IN ITALY—Mr. C-. 
Alwyn Harrison has recently commenced the 


ey 
we 


culture of Orchids on a commercial basis at _ 


Ventimigha, Italy. 


Cy ¥y ¥y 
Me Ka KN 


THEFT OF POLLEN.—No little excitement 
was evoked at the meeting of the Royal 
Horticultural Society, on March 18th, when it 
became known that soon after the committee 
had finished their work some miscreant had 
stolen the pollen from several valuable 
Orchids. The specimens attached were 
Odontioda flowers from the exhibit of Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, and Brasso-Cattleya 
Cliftonu magnifica exhibited by Mr. F. M. 
Ogilvie, and undoubtedly the finest Brassavola 
hybrid yet seen. In the latter case the pollen 
had been artfully removed by means of a 
piece of cotton wool, some of which was left 
adhering to the column. Mr. Ogilvie had 
already selected plants on which to place the 
pollen, and we feel sure that in his loss he 
will have the full sympathy of all brother 
Orchidists. 


ay 


1S 


LisT OF ORCHID HYBRIDS. — Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, St. Albans, have issued a 
complete up-to-date list of Orchid hybrids, 
which contains the names and parentages of 
all known hybrids, whether introduced or 
artificially raised. The list is arranged in 
tabular, alphabetical form, so that all hybrids 
derived from each species or hybrid may be 
ascertained at a glance. This indispensable 
work, complete to the end of the year 1912, 
may be had from Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
St. Albans, price 12s. 6d. 

gy YY 

ORCHID CATALOGUES.—Messrs. J. Cypher 
and Sons, Cheltenham, have again produced 
a useful Orchid list, well illustrated, and 
containing an extensive selection of the best 
species and hybrids. Messrs. A. J. Keeling 


[April, 1913: 


and Sons, Bradford, have issued a complete 
catalogue of the well-known Monton Grange 
collection, comprising some 3,000 plants. 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
Sussex, have produced a singularly attractive 
catalogue of their large stock of choice and 
rare Orchids. No less than twelve excellent 
illustrations and a coloured plate are included. 

CYPRIPEDIUMS FROM SOUTHPORT.—Our 
last issue contained an illustration of Mr. J. J. 
Holden’s Cypripedium house, with its fine 
display of bloom. We have recently received 
from Mr. R. Johnson, who has charge of the 
plants, a varied selection of flowers, which not 
only show that the method of cultivation is 
immensely suitable, but that Cypripediums are 
of long lasting nature. The stems are very 
thick and the substance of the flowers leaves 
nothing to be desired. Cypripedium Archie 
Neil is particularly attractive, and is one of the 
late flowering varieties. It was produced by 
crossing insigne Harefield Hall with Leeanum 
compactum. Cyp. Sunrise is of equal merit ; 
the lower part of the large dorsal sepal is 
incurved, which suggests that Leeanum 
Clinkaberryanum was one of the parents. 
The petals are well developed and show strong 
signs of villosum, both in shape and colour. 
Cyp. Leeanum Lavertonianum and Cyp. 
Flamingo are two meritorious hybrids worthy 
of inclusion in all collections. 

THEN AND Now. — When Odontonia 
Cybele (O. cirrhosum x M. candida) first 
opened its buds, some four weeks ago, 
hybridists were much interested in the future 
possibilities of combining the characters of 
Muiltonias with those of Odontoglossums. No 
doubt many variations in form and colour 
could be produced, and a few useful additions 
made to our list of hybrids, which daily grows 
to never-ending length. But with all our 
energy and experience we do not often obtain 
the same amount of wonderment and esteem 
as was witnessed nearly a century ago when 
a new or rare species produced a much- 
cherished spike of bloom. Let us consider 
what Sir Joseph Paxton wrote in 1839 


April, 1913. | 


regarding M. candida, one of Cybele’s parents. 
“Its fine and richly-mottled blossoms contain 
such a charming combination of lively colours, 
and these are rendered so pleasingly prominent 
by the delicate white of the labellum, that they 
at once arrest and fix the eye of the spectator, 
and occasion the most vivid emotions of 
delight.”. M. candida is with us to-day, but 
we regretfully acknowledge that it does not 
now produce the same emotions of delight, nor 
does its charming combination of lively colours 
appeal to us in the way that it did to Paxton. 
In those days of long ago our grandparents 
loved certain Orchids almost equally with their 
children; they made the acquaintance of the 
plant and admired its beauty in their early 
days of life, and that self-same Orchid passed 
through life almost hand-in-hand with its 
owner. Men of the present age have barely 
time to see but once the beauty of a newly- 
made hybrid. So quickly do these plants 
make their appearance, and so soon are they 
eclipsed by others, that, however bright their 
meteoric career may be, we know them only 
as a dream. A very few remain vivid in our 
memory, the majority pass to the region of the 
vast unknown. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


crispum Lindleyanum 


| 
Coradinei crispum 
(spotted) 


nobile crispum 


armainvillierense 
(Theodora) 


eT 
. | . . 
crispodinei 


| 
DIDO 


HE enormously bad influence of a 
ck grandparent is more shown in this 
hybrid than in most. The great 

power of Lindleyanum is too strong to be 
eliminated in three generations, even when 
allied to such fine varieties as nobile La 
Perfection and crispum augustum (these are 
the parents that M. Ch. Vuylsteke used for 
the production of armainvillierense Theodora). 


VOL. JII, 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 149 


It has left its marks very plainly in the 
characteristic hard linear form, absence of 
denticulation on the petals, incurved edges of 
sepals towards the tips, and straight parallel 
sided lip. 

In one attribute only has it failed to make 
itself evident, that is, the yellow which has all 
disappeared, at least in this plant, but others 
may prove yellow, of course. 

The ground of the flower is entirely white, 
the sepals having a large light reddish-brown 
blotch, as in Coradinei, and a smaller one 
towards their bases, the petals having a 
larger solid one with a couple of spots below. 

The lip is that of an armainvillierense in 
the markings, but has the hard narrow form of 
a Coradinei, the edges only just serrated. 
The column clearly shows the form of that 
of Lindleyanum, with the cirrhi pointing 
forward as in it; the back is coloured. 

Though valueless commercially, it does 
prove much to the investigator into the ways 
Nature took in making the hybrids we began 
with. 

de B. Crawshay, March 16th, 1973. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CLEOPATRA.—In the 
recording of this hybrid on page 140 a slight 
error occurred in the parentage. It should 
be Carmania (Lucasianum x Harryanum) x 
Vuylstekei. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM ANTHOCRENE.—Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have produced this hybrid 
between elegans and Wilckeanum. The 
petals are twisted, and with the sepals have 
much of the Wilckeanum colour and marking. 
The large labellum has a prominent spiny 
crest. 

ODONTOCIDIUM EDWARDATUM. An 
interesting hybrid between Odontoglossum 
Edwardu and Oncidium serratum has been 
raised by Messrs. McBean, of Cooksbridge. 
The colour is reddish-brown, with bright 
golden-yellow tips to all the segments. The 
lip is narrow, with a prominent golden-yellow 
crest, the erect column tinged with blue. All 
the segments are undulated at their margins, 
thus giving the flower a pretty appearance. 
The ventral sepals are only half the width of 
the dorsal. 


19 


150 AM ee 


BRASSO-CATTLEYA FULGENS.—A charm- 
ing flower has been raised by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons with the use of C. Maggie Raphael 
and B. Digbyana. 
hybrid between Trianze and aurea. The 
influence of the fringed lip of Digbyana and 
of the rich coloration of the aurea will be very 
apparent. 

ODONTIODA RED RIDING Hoop.—A very 
pretty hybrid between Od. Rossi majus and 
Odontioda Bradshawie has recently been 
flowered by Mr. F. M. Ogilvie, The Shrubbery, 
Oxford. As is often the case with Rossii 
hybrids — this 
although the Bradshawie is visible in the 


The former parent is a 


species has predominated, 


shape and coloration. 


Odontonia Langowoyi. 


ODONTONIA LANGOWOYI—This new and 
interesting hybrid is the result of crossing 
Odontoglossum Uro-Skinneri with Muiltonia 
Schroderiana. A reference to the illustration 
of this latter parent will show to what extent 
the very peculiar nature of the upright 
formed petals is transferred to the hybrid. 
While the two genera appear at first sight 
somewhat diverse, they are closely related 
geographically, both being Central American, 
the Uro-Skinner1 coming from Guatemala 
and the Schroderiana from Costa Rica. The 


ORCHID WORLD. 


[April, 1913. 


sepals and petals of Langowoyi are fleshy, 
green at the back with occasional spotting of 
red-brown, the tips being yellow. The front 
of these segments 1s of shining crimson-brown, 
and when held up to the light the whole surface 
is marked with obscure blotching. The 
iabellum has the basal part blotched with 
crimson-purple, and the broader apical half is 
white with a few crimson spots. The back of 
the lp has considerably more spotting, and, 
as may be seen in the illustration, this 
is only obscurely visible from the front side. 
The column is arched and rose coloured. 
Odontonia Langowoyi bears the name of its 
owner, Mr. A. Langowoy, a keen Russian 
Miltonioda Ajax (Cochlioda 
Noezliana x Miltonia Schréderiana) is another 
interesting hybrid which has the petals formed 
in the same upright manner. 

BRASSOCATTLELIA FIGARO.—A useful 
addition to the yellow-flowering section has 
been raised in the Westonbirt collection by 
Mr. H. G. Alexander, who has crossed 
Brasso-Lelia Jessopi (xanthina x Digbyana) 
with Brasso-Cattleya Mrs. J. Leemann 
(aurea x Digbyana). The first plant to 
bloom has rather starry flowers, but of thick 
substance, as usually seen in Jessopi. Thé 
yellow colour is equally suffused over the 
whole surface. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM JAMES O’BRIEN. — A 
very unusual cross has been raised and 
flowered by» Mr. Eric Davidson, Twyford, 
Berks. The parents are Duvivierianum and 
harvengtense ; both are natural hybrids, the 
former between nebulosum and maculatum, 
the latter between crispum and triumphans. 
The ground colour is golden-yellow, evenly 
blotched with chocolate-brown. The large 
lip has the immense blotch so characteristic 
of triumphans. The influence of maculatum 
is to be seen in the shape and keeling on the 
back of the sepals. 

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA VALERIA—A rather 
unusual colour has been produced in this 
hybrid by crossing L.-C. luminosa with L.-C. 
Dora (Schréderze x Hippolyta). The terra- 
cotta segments have a pleasing soft red tint 
suffused over their whole surface. The 
Schroder parent appears to have a softening 


amateur. 


April, 1913.] THE ORCHID WORLD. tsi 


influence over the other colours. Raised by 
Mr. H. G. Alexander in the Westonbirt 
collection. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA BARBARA. — Cattleya 
Gaskelliana and Lelia Iona (tenebrosa x 
Dayana) are the parents of a useful flower 
raised by Mr. Eustace F. Clarke, Evershot, 
Dorset. The broad petals are light mauve, 
the lip rich purple extending to the side lobes 
and up the throat. The centre of the labellum 
is yellow, and all the plants flower on the new 
undeveloped growth, without a sheath, as in 
the Dayana species. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM SATURNE.—So far, 
nebulosum has produced but few hybrids, the 
chief reason being the great difficulty experi- 
enced in making it carry a seed pod. Mons. 
Henri Graire, Amiens, France, appears some- 
what successful, for he has recently flowered 
another interesting hybrid created by the use 
of nebulosum. The first was Odontoglossum 
Neptune (crispum x nebulosum), flowered 
September, 1912, and the second is Odonto- 
glossum Saturne (nebulosum x crispo-Harry- 
anum), exhibited March, 1913. This latter 
hybrid has a light rose ground colour evenly 
spotted with brownish-red; the lip is broad, 
somewhat pointed at the apex, prettily spotted, 
the crest being yellow with minute spotting. 
The plant has much of the nebulosum habit. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM LAWRECRISPUM. — An 
elegant hybrid between Lawrenceanum 
(Rolfez x triumphans) and crispum has 
recently flowered with Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge. The shape is very 
good, petals almost round and overlapping 
the sepals, creamy-white ground colour with 
large chocolate-brown blotches; lip very 
broad. 

OpONTIODA KitTTy.—A particularly pretty 
hybrid between Odontioda wickhamensis 
(crispum x sanguinea) and ardentissimum has 
been raised by Mr. George W. Bird, of Manor 
House, West Wickham, Kent. The whole 
flower is suffused with rose-purple, over which 
lies a brownish-red colour. The labellum is 
comparatively large, of a much lighter rose 
than the other segments, and with a central 
blotch of crimson-red. This flower is rendered 
attractive by the very pretty style in which 


the ends of the undulating sepals and petals 
are twisted and recurved. The plant has 
produced a spike of six flowers on_ its 
second seedling bulb, and gives promise of 
considerable improvement. 

ODONTIODA Mossi#.—An interesting 
hybrid between Cochlioda Neezliana and 
Odontoglossum maculatum has been raised 
by Mr. J. S. Moss, Wintershill House, Bishop's 
Waltham. In size the flower is intermediate 
between the parents, the lip is deeply three- 
lobed, and the colour uniform red. The 
maculatum has not had the strong influence 
that one might expect from this distinct 
Odontoglossum 


Odontonia Cybele. 


ODONTONIA CYBELE—Not many hybri- 
dists would think of crossing Odonto- 
glossum cirrhosum with Miltonia candida, yet 
these are the parents of Cybele, recently 
flowered by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., 
who were awarded a Certificate of Appre- 
ciation for their result. The sepals and petals 
are heavily blotched with reddish-brown on a 
yellow ground. The labellum almost flat, 
having entirely lost the convolute form of the 
Miltonia, light yellow in colour and spotted 
with red-brown ; the apex is pointed, the sides 
slightly undulated and toothed at the margin. 
The hybrid appears to be of very delicate 
constitution. 


i) 


a 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[April, 1913. 


Some of Mons. Firmin Lambeau’s Orchid houses at Villa Vogelsang, Brussels. The method of 
shading and gearing for manipulating the blinds is worthy of notice. 


SHADING. 


HE shading of Orchids requires con- 
siderable care and attention, more 
especially during the early part of the 

summer, for it is then that the young growths 
are particularly sensitive to any excess of 
light, and when once they have become burnt 
and hardened further progress is rendered 
very slow. 

Many growers aim at producing a soft and 
vigorous growth during the early part of the 
season by heavily shading the houses. Plants 
so treated invariably make rapid headway 
and grow at a much quicker rate than those 
given greater light, but at the end of summer 
more light must be allowed, for unless the 
plants are sufficiently ripened they will not 
be able to withstand a long period of 
winterly weather. 

Although permanent shading has given 
excellent results in the hands of experienced 
trade growers, its use is not recommended 
to amateurs. By far the best method is to 
have shading that can be easily manipulated. 
Lath roller-blinds are excellent in this respect, 
for apart from their use as a means of pro- 
ducing shade they are very handy at night- 
time to keep off cold winds and severe frosts. 

Our illustration shows some of Mons. 
Firmin Lambeau’s Orchid houses fitted with 


lath roller-blinds. The method of rolling 
them up and down by means of gearing 1s 
very ingenious, and considerably better than 
by the use of cords, which frequently become 
unworkable when sharp frosts prevail. 
Another method often adopted is to place 
the blinds on the house in such a way that 
the laths are parallel with the sash bars. 
When so arranged no gearing or cords are 
necessary, and the rolling up can be accom- 
plished when passing along the side of the 
house. Whichever method is adopted, an 
important point is that the blinds must be 
raised about nine inches from the glass by 
means of suitable iron or wood devices. 
This will allow a free circulation of air over 
the glass, and will also give room for the 
top ventilators to be opened when required. 
In the South of England, and other places 
where the sun is particularly powerful during 
the summer months, it is a good plan, in addi- 
tion to the use of blinds, to shade the house 
by giving the glass a thin coating of white- 
wash. By so doing there is always some 
slight protection to the plants, should by any 
means the unrolling of the blinds be forgotten 
or the house left without an attendant. If 
the plants are left unshaded for only a few 
minutes, considerable damage may be done 


by the sunshine falling direct upon the 
leaves. 


April, 1913.]| TRE, ORCHID 


WORLD. 153 


MILTONIA SCHRODERIANA. 


HIS distinct and very rare 
Miltonia first appeared in 


the garden of Baron 
Schroder, The Dell, Windsor, in 
the spring of 1882. The Gardeners’ 
Chronicle remarked at the time: 
“What is it? Nothing like it has 
appeared before in Europe. The 
columnar wings and the nature of 
callus forbid to think it a white- 
mauve Odontoglossum tripudians. 
iptmay bea cross between 
this and O. Pescatorei, perhaps 
Veitchianum.” The same publica- 
tion, in its issue of September 
24th, 1887, contains the following 
remark by Reichenbach: “This 
is an unusually stately plant. The 
first inflorescence had only three 
flowers, but there can be no doubt 
that, after further establishment, 
it will produce larger spikes. The 
sepals are strongly keeled. Both 
sepals and petals are of the most 
shining and pure cinnamon, with 
some yellowish-white markings and 
transverse bars and tips. The lip 
with its high convex antebasilar 
part is white at the base, and at 
the interior part it is white too. The mid 
part is of the purest purple, which looks quite 
admirable. The column is novel by its very 
developed tabula infrastigmatica, yellow in 
front, bidentate under the fovea. Limbs of 
fovea and very narrow wings purple.” The 
species is a native of Central America, 
and in its early days was known as an 
Odontoglossum. 


GHENT EXHIBITION——The 17th Inter- 
national Horticultural Exhibition will be held 
at Ghent, April 26th to May 4th, 1913. The 
members of the Jury will commence their work 
on Friday, April 25th, at 8.30 in the morning, 
and will assemble in the Palais des Floralies. 

VOL. Ill. 


Miltonia Schroderiana. 
NEW ORCHIDS. 


The Kew Bulletin contains the 390th Decade 
of New Orchids. The following species, with 
Latin descriptions by Mr. R. A. Rolfe, are 
mentioned :— 

Liparis nana, from Annam. A very small 
plant, with dark purple flowers, and some- 
what anomalous in its very broad nearly 
straight column. Its precise affinity remains 
at present uncertain. Discovered on a plant 
of Cymbidium insigne. 

Cirrhopetalum miniatum, from 
A remarkable species which flowered in 
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in 
September, 1910. Sir Fred. W. Moore states 
that it was purchased from Messrs. Sander 
and Sons as having been imported with 

20 


Annam. 


154 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Dendrobium Bronckartu. The flowers are 
vermilion-coloured, with bright yellow hairs 
on the margins of the petals and dorsal sepal, 
the anther-case yellow, and the teeth of the 
column whitish. 

Calanthe violacea, from 
Imported by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., 
Haywards Heath, and flowered in their estab- 
lishment, January, 1912. The sepals and 
petals are light purple, and the lip violet- 
purple, becoming brownish as it fades, while 
the crest of the lip 1s yellowish-brown. 

Epidendrum (Nanodes) congestum, from 
Costa Rica. Flowered in the Royal Botanic 
Gardens, Glasnevin, in January, 1911. The 
flowers are pale green, with an emerald-green 
lip, and the column suffused and mottled with 
red-purple. 

Eulophia 


Madagascar. 


from S. Atiricd. 
Kasonga River and Kowie River mouth. 

Eulophia acuminata, from S. Africa. 
Natal: near Estcourt. 

Eulophia Bakeri, from S. Africa. Trans- 
vaal: high ridge outside Johannesburg. 

Eulophia Rehmanni, from S. Africa. 
Transvaal: Houtbosch. 

Eulophia latipetala, from S. Africa. Trans- 
vaal: Houtbosch, Pietersburg district. 

Eulophia Allisoni, from S. Africa. Without 
precise locality. 


Macowanl, 


CATTLEYA BOWRINGIANA. 


HIS Central American species is now 

aR so well known that any description of 

its botanical details would be uninter- 

esting. When compared with other Cattleya 

species it is of recent discovery, a period of 

less than thirty years covering its whole 
history. 

In its native home it delights in growing 
on bare rocks, fully exposed to the sun 
during the day, but at night amply watered 
by the heavy dews. During the growing 
season heavy rains and the vapour arising 
from the many streams running between the 
rocks supply the plants with considerable 


[April, 1913. 


moisture, from which they greatly benefit. 
This humid atmosphere imparts a very succu- 
lent nature to the young growths, which are 
eagerly devoured by the wild animals of the 
district ; many of the plants are thus broken 
down and rendered worthless for gathering 
by collectors. 

Our illustration shows a grand specimen 
with 180 blooms and 22 newly made bulbs 
flowering in the collection of the Rt. Hon. 
Joseph Chamberlain, Highbury, Birmingham, 
during the late autumn of 1912. The 
immense amount of flower and the free- 
growing nature of the plant clearly proves the 
value of this species to all collections. Not 
only is this true from a decorative point of 
view, but also from that of the hybridist, 
who during recent years has _ produced 
many beautiful hybrids by the use of this 
species, both as a seed-bearing and pollen 
parent. 

The early hybrids from this species include 
Cattleya Portia (Bowringiana x labiata), C. 
Mantinu (B. x aurea), C. Mrs. J. W. Whiteley 
(B. x Hardyana), and C. Ariel (B. x Gaskel- 
liana), besides a host of others, all interesting, 
but many having very little distinction of 
specific character to recommend them for 
further hybridisation. 

As may be expected, any hybrid containing 
the elegant and distinct Cattleya aurea in its 
parentage is sure to be used with good results. 
The golden-yellow colour of this species 
invariably brightens up the purple pigment of 
others, a notable example being Cattleya 
Mantinu, in which the rosy purple tint of 
Bowringiana is considerably improved by the 
addition of the aurea colour. Hybridists have 
already taken advantage of this reality by 
using C. Mantinii to a large extent. Evidence 
of this may be seen in Cattleya Freya (Man- 
tinii x aurea), C. Oriel (M. x Hardyana), C. 
Mad. Charlier (M. x labiata), and in Leelio- 
Cattleya Messena (M. x L.-C. Cappei), L.-C. 
Milly (M. x L.-C. bletchleyensis), L.-C. Nemea 
(M. x L.-C. Haroldiana), L.-C. Pero (M. x 
Gottoiana), L.-C. Miss Locke (M. x L.-C. Isis), 
L.-C. Miss Gilberta Blount (M. x L.-C. 
Ingrami), and L.-C. Mantinensis (M. x L.-C. 
Behrensiana). 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


THE 


April, 1913. | 


‘wpysulMg ‘Ainqysipy 
‘ulDjsaquipy ydaso [ “uor] 1451 ay} fO U0}}99]]09 ay} U} S1aMOyYf QQ] PUD spo2] 7Z yjyim uauljdads D ‘DupIsujsnog Dhaj}j0) 


156 THE ORCHID WORLD. [April, ror3. 


Lelio-Cattleya McBeaniana. L. anceps Schroderiana x C. Schrodere. 


Received F.C,.C., R.H.S., April 2nd, 1912, when exhibited by the raisers, Messrs. J. G A. McBean, 
Cooksbridge, Sussex. 


° 


st 


SN a ie 


and Liverpool is the large town of 

Warrington, through which now runs 
the Manchester Ship Canal. Alongside this 
celebrated water- 
way, and at a 
place where an 
old Roman road 
has been dis- 
covered, may be 
found the resi- 
dence and Orchid 
houses of Wm. 
Bolton, Esq., who 
for the long 
period of 30 
years has been 
a member of the 
Town Council, an 
Alderman since 
1894, and Mayor 
for three  suc- 
cessive years, 
1903-6. 

Mr. _Bolton’s 
connection with 
Orchids dates 
from 1869, when 
he received from 
his uncle, Mr. 
Samuel Barlow, 
of Stakehill, 
Middleton, several young plants from the tops 
of Dendrobium nobile, and a few pieces of 
Cypripedium insigne. In 1872 he sold the 
greenhouses and plants, and departed for 
America. Returning, some two years later, he 
took an interest in florist’s flowers, won the 
Turner Memorial Prize for seedling auriculas 


\ BOUT midway between Manchester 


THE 


Wilderspool Collection. 


WARRINGTON, 
i | LANCASHIRE. 
| 3 


Alderman Wm. Bolton. 


Caps 
at the Royal Horticultural Society, April, 1887, 
and at the same show received a First-class 
Certificate for auricula Samuel Barlow. 

Mr. Samuel Barlow’s collection of Orchids 
always attracted 
Mr Bolton’ s 
attention, 
induced him, in 
1883, to recom- 
it In @ il se 
aiehets 


new _ collection, 


and 


mence 
culture. 


however, did not 
exist for 
One cold night 
the heating 


long. 


apparatus failed, 
and all the plants, 
with the excep- 
tion of a few 
Odontoglos s um 
Rossu, 
frozen to death. 
Mr. Arthur 
Potts, of Chester, 
after whom a 
variety of 
Catas €¢ iw m 
Bungerothi is 


were 


named, sent a 
large number of 
O dontoglossums 
to Mr. Bolton, but this time, owing to the high 
temperature of the 
resulted. 

At the dispersal of the Ainsworth collection 
Mr. Bolton acquired the majority of the 
Vandas and Aerides, but thesé being found 
difficult to grow, were soon after presented to 


houses, failure again 


158 THE ORCHID WORK: 


the Rev. F. D. Horner, a well-known auricula 
specialist. Mr. Bolton’s interest in Orchids 
was by no means weakened in consequence of 
these early failures; in fact, it became 
gradually stronger, and about the year 1893 he 
dispatched Mr. Kromer to Brazil in search 
of Cattleya labiata and Oncidiums, and Mr. 
Jensen to Colombia for various species only 
to be found in that country. Ever since then 
the collection has steadily increased, and has 
been carried on practically as that of an 
amateur’s, although various sales have been 
held for the disposal of surplus stock which 
accumulates largely owing to good cultivation. 


Odontioda Boltonii. 


No less than 32 greenhouses of various sizes 
and forms have been constructed, the principal 
ones being about 60 feet long and arranged 
on either side of extensive corridors. Every 
house is well supplied with rain-water tanks, 
and on a level with the staging smaller tanks 
are provided in order that the water may be 
kept at the same temperature as the plants, 
and to facilitate the dipping of the numerous 
plants which are grown in pans suspended 
from the roof. Lath roller blinds are chiefly 
used for shading. 


[April, 1912. 


The heating apparatus needed for this 
extensive range of glass is naturally on a large 
scale, and is interesting for the reason that it 
greatly differs from that usually employed. 
Several large steam boilers, of the horizontal 
type used for factories, have been erected, 
not in the usual manner, but upside down, and 
this for the following reason : the internal fire- 
box and flue of this type of boiler does not 
run through the exact centre, but is placed 
near the lower portion in order that there may 
be ample room for the storage of the steam. 
But when these boilers are used for heating 
greenhouses, and, therefore, are entirely full 
of water, it was found that the large amount 
of water over the fire-box and flue took too 
long to heat, so the boilers were simply turned 
over, the fire bars reversed, and the main 
hot-water supply fixed to what was formerly 
the base of the boiler, the heated water then 
quickly found its way into the houses. It is 
interesting to note that one of these boilers 
has now completed 46 years of work, the first 
35 of which were spent for the production of 
steam, and the last 11 years as a greenhouse 
heater. 

Many of the hot-water pipes are six and 
eight inches in diameter, and were those 
originally used by the engineers in con- 
structing the Manchester Ship Canal. Of 
course, one of these large pipes on each side 
of the Odontoglossum houses is quite sufficient. 

In a large conservatory adjoining the 
residence several plants of Cymbidium insigne 
and eburneum are planted in the rock-work, 
where they grow satisfactorily. A spacious 
seedling house contains a vast number of 
young Cypripediums, and various plants with 
seed pods, including Govenia Gardneri, 
Zygopetalum Wendlandi, and a species of 
Spathoglottis, all of which have been crossed 
with Cymbidium insigne. 

The Miltonia house is gay with vexillaria 
and Bleuana, all in perfect health, and without 
a spot on the foliage. This house is kept at a 
regular temperature of 58-65 degrees, and the 
staging is covered with ashes kept constantly 
moist. There is no doubt that the cause of 
spotted leaves is not an excess of moisture, 


159 


‘SUDT ‘UO}SULLID JY 3‘]00dS1ap]1 Jf 


“psy ‘uopog “Wy, fO u0lj997}09 ay} ul SuLlanoyf DiopudG ausjsuy wnjpadisdAy 


WORLD. 


ORCHID 


THE 


AWS S 


WSS: 


April, 1913. ] 


160 tHE ORCHID 


but a too rapid change of temperature, or 
draught from ventilators and open doors. 
Cypripedium insigne Sandere is a special 
favourite at Wilderspool, and our illustration 
shows some of the plants in flower. Many of 
the specimens consist of about twenty growths, 
with leaves eighteen inches in length, and 
occupying ten- and twelve-inch pots. The stock 


WORLD. [April, 1913. 
of the flower. Large quantities of Maudie 
and callosum Sandere are also cultivated. 
Cattleyas are cultivated in tens of 
thousands, and, at the present time, there 
are about 3,500 plants of C. Mossiz in sheath. 
C. labiata, C. Mendeli and C. Schroder are 
all grown in equally large batches. The neat 
way in which all the bulbs are tied to a 


Cypripedium Boltonii. 


F.C.C. Royal Horticultural Society, Nov. 23rd, 1909. 
F.C,C. and Silver Medal, Manchester Orchid Society, Dec. 2nd, 1909. 


of this beautiful albino is one of the largest 
in cultivation. Other high-class Cypripediums 
include Dreadnought, Sultan, and Beryl “ West 
Point variety.” Cyp. Charlesworthu is repre- 
sented by a large number of strong plants. 
Cyp. Boltonu is one of the finest and most 
beautiful hybrids yet produced. Its strong 
constitution enables rapid growth to be made, 
and small plants quickly become good speci- 
mens. The illustration gives a realistic idea 


central stick gives the houses a very smart 
appearance. With such a large stock it is not 
surprising to find several albino varieties and 
other rare forms. The Wilderspool variety 
of C. gigas may be described as a semi-albino, 
the lip being of a delicate slate-blue colour. 
A strange event happened in connection 
with an importation of Cattleya Bowringiana. 
The ignorant collector, before packing the 
plants, cut off the bulbs as well as the leaves 


April, 1913. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 163 


and roots, so that when the box arrived in 
this country and was opened by Mr. Bolton, 
it contained only a quantity of rhizomes with 
numerous Pleione resembling corms attached. 
These plants were a great puzzle for some 
time, and more so when the new growths 
commenced to grow, for they gave one the 
impression that a Pleione was turning into a 
Cattleya. C. Bowringiana differs from most 
species of the-genus by having a thick base 
to its bulb, and it is largely owing to this 
that nearly every plant in the importation 
eventually succeeded in establishing itself. 

Cymbidiums are another feature, the batch 
of C. eburneum carrying about 60 flowers. 
C. insigne is grown in large quantities, and 
a remarkable fact is that all the imported 
bulbs have been burnt by fire, yet not 
sufficiently to prevent them growing. Mr. 
Bolton believes that the collectors purposely 
set fire to the jungle grass in order to kill 
the poisonous snakes and to facilitate the 
gathering of the plants. 

Dendrobiums include Bancroftianum, one 
of the prettiest species for decorative work, 
and Ashworthie, a very rare species allied to 
macrophylium. The stock of D. Brymerianum 
is kept up by cultivating the young growths 
formed on the tops of the old bulbs. 

A large lean-to house contains a quantity 
of Lycaste Skinner1, nearly all of which are 
in flower. Multonia spectabilis, Epidendrums, 
and various scarce species are in the best of 
health. Whichever house is entered there 
is the same multitude of plants to be seen, 
species and hybrids of every description. 

Mr. Bolton’s immense collection of Orchids 
is not the only surprise awaiting the visitor 
to Wilderspool. The superb assemblage of 
oil paintings, an extensive collection of war 
medals, gold and silver coins, commemoration 
medals, numerous specimens of the metal- 
worker’s gold and silver handicraft, and a 
vast collection of rare curios from all parts of 
the world, never fail to interest both the owner 
and admiring visitor. 

The cultivation of Orchids at Wilderspool 
differs from that usually adopted. No peat 
has been on the premises since 1897. The 
plants were then grown in sphagnum moss 


alone, but this was not very successful. About 
1902 the addition of leaves was thought of, 
and after various enquiries from the collectors 
as to the class of trees that Orchids were 
found growing upon, it was decided to use 
those from oak trees, as this kind was most 
likely to provide the necessary food for the 
plants. Experiments proved that a mixture 
of two-thirds moss and one-third leaves with 
some rough sand made a suitable compost. 
The only variation is with Cypripediums, and 
for these a quantity of red marl is included 
in the compost. This keeps the mixture open 
and sweet, and provides a certain amount of 
mineral matter, which the plants appear to 
like. 

The whole of the cultural treatment is 
managed by Mr. Cain, who has been at 
Wilderspool for the long period of 21 years 
Previous to this he was with Messrs. 
Charlesworth and. Mr. E. G. Wrigley, the 
latter collection having been dispersed some 
23 years ago. With an able staff of assistants 
Mr. Cain keeps the whole of this immense 
stcck, roughly estimated at 100,000 plants, in 
perfect order, and when the chemical 
atmosphere of the neighbourhood its 
considered, his work is so much the more 
praiseworthy. During the quarter of a 
century that Mr. Cain has been connected 
with Orchid growing he has seen many 
changes, but firmly believes that good species 
are still as valuable and make as much money 
as they did when he first commenced to take 
an interest in the plants. 


NORTH OF ENGLAND HORTICULTURAL 
SociETy.—The following members have been 
elected to form the Orchid Committee :— 
A. R. Crossley (chairman), W. H. Hatcher 
(vice-chairman), F. W. Corney (secretary), 
A. J. Keeling, W. Shackleton, A. G. Ellwood, 
Pee. Paddle 2 Cypher, J. Cowan, jf. TF. 
Barker, G. ‘Taylor, A. J. Hall, E. Rogers, 
J. Hartley, A. Harrison, F. Sander, J. Lupton, 
and W. Townsend. 

The Spring Show of the Society was held on 
March 12th and 13th, in the Central Baths, 


i62 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Bradford. The following awards were made 
by the Orchid Committee :-— 

Second-class Diplomas to Dendrobium 
Austinii Thwaites’ var., Lycaste Skinneri 
‘The Knowle var., both from J. Hartley, Esq. ; 
and Odontoglossum Rolfez violacea, from 
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher. 

The following medals were awarded for 
groups of Orchids :—Silver Medals to Messrs. 


ORCHIDS FOR 


all Orchids to cultivate, and on 

that account may well be recom- 
mended to the amateur. Large cities and 
manufacturing towns are noted for their 
autumn fogs and winter dulness, conditions 
which are by no means beneficial to any 
Orchid. The wonder is that any form of 
vegetation is able to exist, yet, in close 
proximity to these comparatively unhealthy 


Clie are the easiest of 


spots, Cypripediums flourish and produce an 
excellent display of bloom during the dullest 
of the winter months. 

The writer has seen many excellent speci- 
mens potted in ordinary soil and growing 
luxuriantly in a cool greenhouse, such as 1s 
often used for the protection of bedding 


plants. In their native country they are 
frequently discovered in dense forests, 
where they are happy and find a 


comfortable home in the rich vegetable 
matter to be found at the foot of the 
trees. Their condition of growth is thus 
entirely terrestrial, and the soil and atmo- 
sphere being continually moist they have no 
need for pseudo-bulbs, which, in the case of 
epiphytic and other Orchids, assist them 
through a period of drought by storing up 
water and nutriment until the rainy season 
again returns. It will thus be seen what suit- 
able plants Cypripediums are for cultivation 
in vineries and various shady and moist 
greenhouses. 

Some amateurs have expressed an opinion 
that large bulbed Orchids are unsightly during 
the time they are not in flower; but, be this 
as it may, no one can make a similar remark 


[April, 1973: 


J. Hartley, The Knowle, Bradford; F. A. 
Hindley, Great Horton; and Mansell and 
Hatcher, Rawdon, Leeds. Bronze Medal to 
Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 
Mr. J. Scott, Newlay, Horsforth, Leeds, 
exhibited Dendrobium Jamesianum. 

The Society's Magazine for March contains 
an article, “ Orchids as a Hobby,” by Mr. J. T. 
Barker, of Hessle, Hull. 


AMATEURS. 


concerning the Cypripedium, its neat, often- 
times handsomely mottled leaves at all times 
being ornamental to any plant house. 

Although Cypripediums flourish well in 
ordinary soil, there is no doubt that the finest 
results are achieved by using good fibrous 
loam and osmunda or peat, with the addition 
of a little sphagnum moss and coarse silver 
sand. This compost should be carefully 
worked in among the roots and the whole 
pressed moderately firm, always leaving a 
space of about half an inch at the top for 
the purpose of receiving a good share of water 
when this operation is carried out. 

Repotting. is best done when the new 
growths are about an inch in height, for it 
is then that the new roots commence to grow 
and enter the fresh compost. Propagation 
may easily be done at the same time by 
merely dividing a specimen into pieces con- 
sisting of two or more growths, or, in the 
case of a rare variety, every single growth 
that has roots may be placed in a separate 
pot. Newly potted plants should be carefully 
attended to until they again become estab- 
lished. The leaves should be kept moist, and 
no direct sunshine should reach them until 
the roots have obtained a good hold of the 
new compost. 

Cypripediums, although liking a good light 
during the winter months, require fairly 
heavy shading during the summer time, and 
an abundance of atmospheric moisture at all 
times. The following are easily grown 
cool-house species: insigne, villosum, and 
Spicerianum, while their various hybrids are 
equally suitable. If a minimum temperature 


April, 1913. | THE ORCHID 


of 50-60 degrees can be maintained on cold 


nights, and a few extra degrees during the 


daytime, then the field of selection is greatly 
widened, and a really grand display of bloom 
can be secured with but little trouble and 
expenditure. Without any exaggeration, 
many thousands of different varieties of 
Cypripediums may now be obtained, so there 
is a vast selection waiting for the amateur 
who intends taking up their cultivation. 


ORCHIDS. 
(See Coloured Plate.) 


A MATEURS are but just beginning to 


realise that Orchids, like other plants, 

are capable of being understood by 
anyone who really desires to understand 
them; and, when once understood, the cool 
species, at any rate, are not less tractable 
than common greenhouse plants. It is 
for the encouragement and assistance to 
amateurs that Mr. James O’Brien has written 
“Orchids,” a handy little volume, and one of 
the “Present-Day Gardening” series edited 
by Mr. R. Hooper Pearson. 

The Rise and Progress of Orchid Culture 
is an interesting subject dealt with in the first 
chapter, the author stating that the earlicst 
tropical Orchid to flower in the British Isles 
appears to have been Bletia verecunda, which 
bloomed in 1732 on a plant received by Peter 
Collinson from the Bahamas in the previous 
year. At the end of the eighteenth century 
about fifty exotic species were recorded. At 
that time most of the Orchids were imported 
only to perish as a consequence of the unsuit- 
able conditions in which they were grown, 
but no such tragedies need happen again, for 
Mr. O’Brien fully explains all the essentials 
to good culture in the twenty-one chapters 
contained in this excellent work. 

Following a short account of the structure 
of Orchid flowers, a subject formerly only of 
interest to the botanist, but now of value to 
all growers who in these up-to-date times are 
hybridists of no small experience, Mr. O’Brien 
deals with the structure of the Orchid house, 


WORLD. 163 


a most important matter. So far as the 
improvements in present-day Orchid houses 
are concerned, these are not due to the imagi- 
nation of the horticultural builder, but to the 
experience of the Orchid grower. It is owing 
to him that the old-time glass sides, with 
their hinged ventilators on a level with the 
plants, have been abandoned. Ventilation, 
staging, paths, and tanks, etc., all have their 
share of attention, and the method of potting 
and basketing 1s equally taken in hand. 

We quite agree with the author’s views 
regarding manure. It should be distinctly 
understood that, in the case of true epiphytes, 
there is no need for manures, and that arti- 
ficial chemical manures are almost certain to 
bring about disastrous results, the final 
collapse being in proportion to the potency of 
the stimulant used and the recklessness of the 
grower. Although diseases are not of such 
frequent occurrence as in former days, this 
book contains useful hints and remedies for 
the principal complaints to which Orchids, in 
company with other plants, are subject. 

Mr. O’Brien gives much useful informa- 
tion concerning the importing and subsequent 
treatment of plants, both terrestrial and 
epiphytal. Those amateurs who desire to 
distinguish themselves by producing hybrids 
will find many useful notes on the means of 
sowing and raising the seed; while the 
treatment best suited to the seedling’s healthy 
existence has not escaped attention. 

Orchids for the conservatory are not 
forgotten, and the list given shows that quite 
a representative collection may be grown in 
a house not specially built for their cultiva- 
tion. Quite a new interest would open up 
to the owners of such places were they to 
turn their attention to acquiring from time 
to time a few of the Orchids which are now 
to be procured as cheaply as the less suitable 
plants, such as Pelargoniums. Stanhopeas are 
among the kinds recommended for this 
purpose, and we feel sure any amateur 
flowering these plants for the first time will 
be more than delighted with his success. 

An enumeration of the principal genera and 
species in cultivation occupies some 23 pages. 
From this the amateur will easily select plants 


164 THE (ORCHID WORED: 


suitable to the atmosphere of his greenhouse. ° 


Hybrid Orchids is the title of the last chapter 


in this useful little book, which is rendered . 


exceedingly attractive by the inclusion of eight 
plates reproduced from actual specimens in 
their natural colours. These are: Miltonia 
with 126 flowers; Dendrobium 
Wardianum, bearing 264 flowers; Cattleya 
Trane, with 88 blossoms ; Brasso-Cattleya 
Digbyano-Mossiz, Westonbirt variety ; Cym- 
bidium Lowio-eburneum, a fine specimen ; 
Oncidium Marshallianum ; Odontoglossum 
crispum ; and Cypripedium insigne Sandere. 
The latter is reproduced in the present issue 
by kind permission of the publishers, Messrs. 
i. Cand) E.-€@ jack. Copies: mays be 
obtained from the office of the ORCHID 
WORLD, price Is. 10d. post free; abroad 
Is. 11d., post free. 


vexillaria 


CYPRIPEDIUM  INSIGNE 
SANDER. 
(See Coloured Plate.) 
OME twenty-five years ago, after a 
S journey to the United States of 
America, Mr. 


F. Sander, -accom- 
panied by a party of Orchid lovers, 
including the late Major Mason, was 


walking through the Orchid houses in his 
old establishment in George Street, St. 
Albans, when he observed among a large 
batch of imported plants of the montanum 
variety of Cypripedium insigne that were in 
bud and flower for the first time, one plant, 
then in bud, which had a_ yellowish-green 
flower stem. He at once exclaimed: “ There 
is a white insigne!” The plant was carefully 
set on one side and watched. As one can well 
understand, the fact of this plant having a 
hght green stem, whereas all the insignes 
have a dark chocolate-brown one, was of 
intense interest. When the flower expanded, it 
was found to be even more distinct and beau- 
tiful than the most sanguine expectations, for 
it was the variety since known as Sandere. 
At that time there was no yellow form 
known, and, of course, there were scarcely 
any hybrids, and none that could compare in 
any way with this new variety. The plant 


[April, 1913. 


«was divided, and the piece in bloom was sold 
‘by auction at Messrs. Protheroe and Morris’ 
sale-rooms. The late Barén Schroder was the 
buyer, the price being 72 guineas. This plant 
made a prodigious sensation. The second haif 
of the plant was sold to Mr. R. H. Measures 
for 100 guineas. 

The following year Mr. Sander received 
from his collector a plant which the natives 
assured him was a yellow insigne. This plant 
was acquired by the late Baron Schroder and 
named insigne Sanderiana. It remained for 
many years in the Baron’s collection, and 
hence it was, even after he parted with a 
piece, always rarer than the Sandere variety. 

The plant purchased by the late Mr. 
Measures grew well, and the owner soon had 
several divisions. Mr. Sander bought back a 
small plant for 250 guineas; but Mr. Measures 
refused, about the same time, an offer of 1,000 
guineas for his stock of the plant. It is diff- 
cult to realise nowadays how very excep- 
tional and valuable this variety was in those 
years, and how the annual flowering of the 
plants was keenly looked forward to. 

There is no other Cypripedium of which 
such large numbers have been propagated 
in the couxse of years, and it would be 
impcssible to estimate with any accuracy the 
number of plants now in existence; but they 
number many thousands, and are now grown 
for cut-flower work, and in the near future 
will be so on a much larger scale, as the flower 
is so beautiful, and a very much higher price 
can be obtained than for the ordinary kinds. 
Since Sandere first bloomed, there have 
turned up a few other forms, but none can 
equal it for general excellence. 

Insigne Sandere, like the ordinary forms 
of this species, will flourish and produce an 
abundance of bloom with ordinary care in 
any greenhouse or conservatory, and when 
grown to perfection and in large specimen 
plants, as we have had the pleasure of seeinz 
it in the houses of Lieut.-Col. Sir George 
Holford, K.C.V.O., in his wonderful collection 
at Westonbirt, there are few Orchids which 
can excel it for beauty. Our illustration is 
of one of the many specimens cultivated by 


Mr. H. G. Alexander, 


CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE SANDERAE 


r “Hyp ocyinc” epv YTAMES 


April, 1913.] 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 165 


ROY ab HORTICULTURAL .SOCIETY. 


March 4th, 1913. 


MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. Jas. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Messrs. J. S. 
Moss, Stuart Low, Gurney Wilson, F. Sander, 
R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, 
T. Armstrong, A. McBean, W. Cobb, J. 
Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, 
W. P. Bound, J. E. Shill, H. G. Alexander, W. 
Bolton, de B. Crawshay, W. H. White, A. Dye, 
S. Flory, and C. Cookson. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
were awarded a Silver Floral Medal for an 
interesting group containing Odontoglossum 
princeps (crispum Luciani x Lawrenceanum), 
an elegant flower, many excellent forms of 
Cattleya Schrédere and Trianex, distinct 
varieties of Lycaste Skinneri, and some 
Dendrobiums of more than ordinary merit. 
Cymbidium insigne was also shown. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a good group in which were various 
hybrids, the rare Phaius simulans, known in 
gardens as P. tuberculosus, several species of 
Sarcochilus, and the interesting Odontonia 
Cybele. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. Enfield, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
extensive group. Cymbidium Wiganianum, 
Ansellia africana and Cypripedium macro- 
chilum were well shown. Dendrobiums 
included Wardianum and the scarce lingue- 
forme, and Cattleya Suzanne Hye de Crom 
was in good form. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a pretty group, containing the elegant 
Angrecum sesquipedale, many good Dendro- 
biums, Masdevallias in variety, and albino 
forms of Lycaste Skinneri and Cattleya 
Triane. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, staged 
a neat group, in which we noticed Brasso- 
Cattleya Menda, an excellent variety; B.-C. 
Digbyano-Mossie “Queen Alexandra,” and 


several good Odontoglossum species and 
hybrids. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, showed several plants of Dendrobium 
Sibyl, which had been raised from crassinode x 
Linawianum. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited the new blush-white Dendrobium 
bigibbum “Lady Colman,” Zygopetalum 
rostratum, the pretty Cirrhopetalum pictur- 
atum, and Acanthophippium bicolor. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Orchid Dene, 
Twyford, showed Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonu 
var. Dora, a very large and elegant white 
flower ; Odontoglossum Twyford Gem (Rossi 
rubescens x formosum), a pleasing hybrid ; and 
several Odontiodas. 

Sir “Irevor lawrence, -Bart., K.C.V.O., 
showed a fine spike of Eulophiella Peetersiana, 
which had been in flower at Burford for a 
month, and a fine specimen of Sophro-Lelia 
Psyche. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney 
(gr. Mr. G. Day), showed Odontoglossum 
percultum var. Mrs. Goodson, a creamy-yellow 
flower slightly spotted; O. ardentissimum 
var. Herbert Goodson, previously received 
F.C.C.; and O. Capt. Humphrey, probably a 
Uro-Skinneri cross. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park (gr. Mr. 
S. Farnes), sent Sophrocattlelia Marathon 
“ Ashstead Park var.,” a very good form of 
excellent colour, and Oncidioda Cooksonie. 

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, showed Odontioda Charlesworthu 
“The Shrubbery variety,” one of the best of 
its kind, with a spike of 17 flowers; and 
Odontoglossum Harwoodii “The Shrubbery 
variety,” of which a coloured plate was given 
in our issue of January last. 

Walter Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper, 
sent Odontoglossum Lawrenceanum “ Cobb’s 
var.,” of excellent shape; Odontioda Cook- 
sonia ; and a very fine variety of Sophronitis 
grandiflora. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged Odontoglossum eximium “ Alpha,” 
which obtained a First-class Certificate ; 


166 THE: ORCHID WORLD. 


Odontioda St. Fuscien; and the elegant 
Tityus var. Excelsior. 

Mons. H. Graire, Amiens, France, showed 
Odontoglossum Saturne (nebulosum x crispo- 
Harryanum), an interesting hybrid much like 
the nebulosum. 

Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed 
a fine plant of Eulophiella Elisabethe, with 
two spikes of wax-like flowers. 

Mrs. Norman Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam, 
showed Odontioda Bradshawie, a good plant 
with a spike of 13 flowers. 

Mr. W. A. Manda, St. Albans, showed a 
varied selection of Cattleya Triana and a 
distinct variety of C. Schrédere. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Odontoglossum eximium “ Alpha,” from 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge.—An 
extremely fine flower, petals of splendid form. 
All the segments handsomely blotched. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Trianze “Colossal,” from Lieut.- 
Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., Weston- 
birt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander). One of the 
best of the Trianzs. Petals very broad, rose- 
purple; labellum well expanded, crimped at 
the margin, and of good colour. 

Odontioda Mossie (C. Neezliana x O. 
maculatum), from J. S. Moss, Esq., Bishop’s 
Waltham.—An interesting hybrid of a 
reddish colour, the lip distinctly three-lobed. 

Miltonioda Harwoodu “Moss’s_ variety, 
(M. vexillaria x C. Noezliana)—The best 
variety yet seen, flowers having the form 
and shape of the M. vexillaria, rose-scarlet 
in colour. 

Dendrobium bigibbum “Lady Colman,” 
from Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart—A 
particularly pretty variety, with flowers of 
good shape and blush-white. 

Oncidioda Cooksoniez Ralli’s variety” 
(Oncidium macranthum’ x Cochlioda Neez- 
liana), from Pantia Ralli, Esq—A _ darker 
and finer form than the one certificated on 
February 4th. Flowers almost covered with 
the Cochlioda red. 


Lelio-Tattleya Smilax “ Prince of Orange ” 


” 


[April, 1913. 


(L.-C. Charlesworthii x C. Enid), from Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean—An excellent variety, with 
flowers larger than any previously seen and 
of a rich orange-red colour. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 

To Mr. W. H. White, Orchid grower to 
Si Trevor Lawrence, Bart. K-GCV.O; for.a 
splendid specimen of Sophro-Lzlia Psyche, 
with 60 scarlet-red flowers. 

To Mr. J. E. Shill, Orchid grower to Baron 
Bruno Schréder, for a well-cultivated specimen 
of Coelogyne pandurata, with two spikes, 
carrying a total of 16 large flowers. 


March 18th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Mr. James 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Messrs. Gurney Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, 
W. Wilson Potter, F. Sander, R. G. Thwaites, 
A. McBean, W. Cobb, W. H Hatcher, W. H. 
White, S. Flory, W. Bolton, de Barri 
Crawshay, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, J. E. 
Shill, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, F. M. 
Ogilvie, A. Dye, and C. J. Lucas. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an extensive 
group containing several well-flowered plants 
of Trichopila suavis, the pretty Vanda 
coerulescens, Masdevallias in great variety, 
Brassavola hybrids and several new 
Odontoglossum hybrids. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Flora Medal for a 
large selection of choice Orchids, including 
Eulophiella Elisabethe, Cymbidium Pauwelsu, 
Cattleya Tityus, several varieties of 
Odontiodas, Phaius tuberculosis, and P. 
simulans. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. Enfield, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a 
good group containing some very distinct 
forms of Lycaste Skinneri, the elegant 
Sophro-Cattleya Leda, a large variety of 
Miltonia Bleuana, well-flowered specimens of 
Dendrobium Wardianum and various hybrids. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, secured a Silver Flora Medal for a 
very effective and well-arranged group. In 


April, 1913. | 


the centre were large plants of Cymbidium 
Ballianum and C. eburneo-Lowianum, both 
beautiful varieties. Other plants included 
Lelio-Cattleya Myra, L.-C. Olivia, and 
various Dendrobiums. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
eranted a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
effective group in which were many choice 
species and hybrids, a grand plant of 
Angrecum sesquipedale, the new Brasso- 
Cattleya Menda, and Cypripedium Maudie. 

Mr. S. Flory, Twickenham, secured a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a neat group in which 
we noticed Eulophia Saundersn, Odonto- 
glossum Phocis, and various Oncidiums, all 
well flowered. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited a very interesting collection of 
Dendrobium flowers. These included many 
of the yellow section, the elegant Othello, 
Lady Colman, and the rare Johannis and 
Smillie. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt, exhibited Odontoglossum 
Griselda, allied to harvengtense; the 
interesting Brasso-Cattleya H. G. Alexander, 
and Brassocattlelia Figaro. See “New 
Hybrids.” 

de Barri Grawshay, Esq. Rosefield, 
Sevenoaks, staged the pretty Odontoglossum 
Nerissa, a richly-blotched O. Solon, several 
Odontiodas, and the elegant Od. harvengtense 
Crawshayanum. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited Cattleya Triane “Empress of 
India,” a good flower with white sepals and 
petals, and a bluish tinted lip. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, Englefield Green, 
Surrey, exhibited Cattleya Schrédere 
“Madame Diana Beaumer,” a very distinct 
variety. 

Fergus M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, staged Odontioda Red Riding Hood 
(Rossi majus x Bradshawiz), a pretty and 
distinct hybrid. 

E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge 
Wells, staged a very fine example of Cattleya 
Suzanne Hye de Crom, pure white. 

Eric Davidson, Esq., Twyford, Berks, 
staged Sophrocattlalia Hon. Barbara Wilson, 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 167 


a very dark variety ; Cattleya Suzanne Hye de 
Crom “ Orchid Dene variety,” in which the 
flowers are of the normal purple colour, and 
Odontoglossum James O’Brien. See “ New 
Hybrids.” 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 
showed Leelio-Cattleya Charmian “ Goodson’s 
var.” (L.-C. bletchleyensis x C. Triane), a 


* large flower with white sepals and petals, and 


slight rose tint on the labellum. 

Mr. J. Evans, Congleton, Cheshire, staged 
Oncidioda Cooksonie “Evan’s var.” (O. 
macranthum x C. Noezliana), a very beautiful 
variety with a spike of 16 rich crimson flowers. 

Mons. Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent, showed 
Cattleya Triane alba “Souvenir Louis 
Verdonck,” a fine variety with very broad 
white petals; and Miltonia Hyeana stella, a 
well-grown plant with six spikes of flowers 
having rose petals and the large lip blotched 
with dark crimson. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, staged 
Lelio-Cattleya Mygdon (luminosa x Triane), 
and an exceedingly good form of Lycaste 
Skinneri alba. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonit magnifica (B.-C. 
Digbyano-Mossie x C. Triane), from F. M. 
Ogilvie, Esq. The Shrubbery, Oxford—A 
magnificent flower, undoubtedly the finest of 
allthe Brassavola hybrids. Petals of immense 
size and width, silvery-white tinged with rose, 
lip broad, well fringed, and with purple front. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum crispum Cobb’s var., from 
W. Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper—A 
noble form of the true Pacho type. Petals 
extremely wide and well. formed, the sepals 
with blotches as in the Bonnyanum style of 
flower. The plant carried a spike of 14 
flowers. 

Cattleya Triane alba “Souvenir Louis 
Verdonck,” from Mons. Jules Hye de Crom, 
Ghent—A very fine form with broad white 
sepals and petals. 

Cattleya Tityus “ The Shrubbery var.,” from 
F, M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford.— 


168 cit VORCHID WOR ED: 


An extremely pretty hybrid between C. Enid 
and C. Octave Doin. The edges of the petals 
and lip undulated and fringed. 

Cattleya Magnet (Mossiz x Whitei), from 
Lieut-Col, Sir George) Holter) KC.V-O; 
Westonbirt—F lowers of rich purple, much 
resembling the Whitei parent, which js 
Warnert x Schilleriana. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. W. H. White for Odontoglossum 
Rossu, several plants, and Od. pulchellum, all 
well grown and flowered. These have been 
in the Burford collection for more than 30 
years. 

To Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. for 
Odontioda Bradshawie, a fine plant with 
numerous many-flowered spikes. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIERY 


February 20th, 1913 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, 
D. McLeod, W. J.--Moregn, (Cy Parker 
F. K. Sander, H.. Thorpy-Z. A. Ward) Wan: 
Thompson, and H. Arthur (secretary). 

A large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden ; Silver Medals 
to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range ; A. War- 
burton, Esq., Haslingden; Col. J. Rutherford, 
M.P., Blackburn; and Messrs. J. Cypher and 
Sons, Cheltenham. A Bronze Medal was 
granted to the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clay- 
ton-le-Moors ; and other exhibitors included 
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury; Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co.; Mr. W. Shackleton, Great 
Horton; Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons; 
and Mr. J. Birchenall. 


AWARDS. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cypripedium West Point Monarch (Mrs. 
Cary Batten x Alcibiades) and Cypripedium 


[April, 1913. 


Lady Dillon “West Point var.,”” both the 
property of S/ Grattreg Esqr ier Mie 
Brown). 

AWARD OF APPRECIATION. 


Odontioda Schréderi (Bradshawie x 
crispum), from Mr. W. Shackleton. 


March Oth, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev J. 
Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. J. 
Cypher, J. Evans, Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton, 
D. McLeod, H. G. Morris, F. K. Sander, Wm. 
Thompson, H. Thorp, A. Warburton, Z. A. 
Ward, and H. Arthur (secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, for a meritorious 
group. Large Silver Medals were awarded 
to Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden ; S. Gratrix, 
Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Brown) ; Col. 
J.. Rutherford, M-P., Blackbur; and! 77: 
Warburton, Esq, Haslingden. A_ Silver 
Medal was granted to Messrs. Cypher and 
Sons and a Bronze Medal to the Rev. J. 
Crombleholme. Other exhibitors included 
J. J. Holden, Esq., Southport, Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Mr. 
D. McLeod, Mr. J. Birchenall, and Mr. J. 
Evans. 

AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 

Odontioda St. Fuscien “ Ward’s var.,” good 
flower, very dark in colour, from Z. A. Ward, 
Esq. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Cypripedium Richard Ashworth (Latham- 
ianum giganteum x Leeanum Clinkaberry- 
anum), Odontoglossum Cloth of Gold 
(Wilckeanum x amabile), and Od. Leeanum 
majus (Black Prince x General Roberts), all 
from R. Ashworth, Esa. 

Odontioda Zephyr “West Point var.,” and 
Cypripedium Duke of Marlborough (Leeanum 
Lavertonianum x Adrastus Marie), from S. 
Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum A. E. Thompson (parentage 
unknown), and Cypripedium Mrs. E. G. Guest 
(Thompsonianum x Alcibiades), from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Cattleya Triane “Snowflake,” from A. J. 
Keeling and Sons. 


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“8& ORCHID WORLD. “2 


MAY, 1913. 


aaa = Sfalalelajatsis|ajaaja(a— = = 
NOLES. 


ROVAL HORTICULTURAL. SOCIETY.— 
Fellows of the Society are reminded that in 
order to prevent the packing of plants on 
Whit-Monday, the usual fortnightly meeting 
has been altered to Wednesday, May 14th. 
The Great Spring Show will be held at 
Chelsea, May, 20th, 21st and 22nd, in 
the Royal Hospital Gardens, and on the 
site occupied by the 1912 International 
Exhibition. 


CATTLEYA SCHRODERZ ALBA.—It has 
often been remarked that a pure white form of 
C. Schréderee does not exist, for although many 
plants produce flowers which open in a white 
state and give every appearance of an albino, 
yet before many days a blush or light purple 
tint is assumed. Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., 
Bush Hill Park, have recently flowered C. 
Schréderee “ Purity,” which is a large flower, 
quite white, and after the period of 18 days 
remained in precisely the same condition. 
This seems to be conclusive proof of the true 
albinism of the variety. 


VAN ¥ y 
Ww @& Y 


CyMBIDIUM LOWIANUM.—A _- splendid 
specimen of this elegant Orchid is in Mr. Wm. 
Tod’s collection, Dry Grange, Allerton. It 
has recently carried 18 magnificent spikes, 
each six feet in length, and when exhibited 
at the Liverpool Show, in April last, 
attracted considerable attention. The North 
of England Horticultural Society awarded the 


VOL. IIl. 


grower, Mr. Eaton, a Cultural Commenda- 
tion. This Society granted a Silver-gilt 
Medal to the same exhibitor for three 
specimens: the Cymbidium already referred 
to, Coelogyne cristata Lemoniana, and C. 
cristata Chatsworth variety. 


S & y 


SERRATED FLOWERS.—Mr. W. Thompson, 
of Walton Grange, Staffs, has recently 
flowered a particularly beautiful and distinct 
Odontoglossum to which he has given the 
name Mrs. Thompson. The edges of the 
segments, especially the petals, are much 
serrated, or toothed, giving the flower a comb, 
or crest-like, appearance. The origin of this 
peculiarity may be traced to the influence of 
luteo-purpureum in the parentage, this species 
invariably having many prominent teeth on 
the edge of the petals. The parentage of Od. 
Mrs. Thompson is not known for certain, 
although it agrees very closely with Od. 
Lambardeanum, figured in the ORCHID 
WORLD, Vol. IL, p. 220, a hybrid which also 
contains luteo-purpureum in its pedigree. It 
is not unlikely that both originated from the 
same seed pod. Since several hybridists have 
expressed an opinion that before long it may 
be difficult to obtain new features in the 
flowers, this serrated nature may prove to be 
a point worthy of their consideration. Many 
varieties of Od. Wilckeanum are rendered 
attractive by their toothed petals, and such 
flowers make a contrast to the smooth edged 
blooms of the crispum type. 


170 Wale, ORCS 


DISTRIBUTION OF COLOUR—At the 
Orchid Conference of the Royal Horticultural 
Society, held November, 1912, and of which 
a full report occurs in the March issue of the 
Society’s Journal, Professor Bateson called 
attention to the curious problem presented by 
the distribution of colours in the varieties of 
Odontoglossums. Inasmuch as the brown 
colours are evidently due to the combination 
of a purple sap colour with a_ yellow 
(presumably due chiefly if not exclusively to 
presence of yellow plastids), it is a paradox 
that brown spots may occur on a white 
ground. We should expect either that all 
spots on a white ground would be purple, or 
that if the spots were brown there would be 
yellow spots or yellow edges associated with 
them. In certain forms yellow spots do occur 
on a white ground, without any admixture of 
purple or brown. This, however, is natural 
enough. But since brown spots on a white 
ground may occur without any separate yellow 
marks, the fact must be taken to mean that 
the distribution of the purple and of the 
yellow in such cases coincides, with the result 
that the spots are brown though the ground is 
white. Since, however, the factors responsible 
for the purple and for the yellow respectively 
must surely be genetically independent, this 
coincidence is remarkable. There are often, 
of course, purple spots in addition to brown 
ones, but no separate yellow spots, or even 
yellow edges, to the brown spots in these 
cases. 

COLOUR OF FLOWERS.—Some twenty-five 
years ago Mr. Smee experimented with 
flowers and plants in a weak solution of 
silicate of soda, and he noticed that these 
were affected by the solution according to 
their colour. The following facts were com- 
municated by him to the Scientific Committee 
of the Royal Horticultural Society. The 
colours disappear in the following order :— 
Blue, lilac, red, and brown, whilst yellow was 
the most persistent. Greens behaved accord- 
ing as blue or yellow predominated in its 
composition. The question occurred whether 
the white varieties of flowers are not formed 
among plants in a similar order. In the poor 


WORLD. [May, i913. 
varieties of Vanda coerulea, the petals are 
almost white with very pale blue veining. In 
Cattleya the colour of the petals and lip dis- 
appear, leaving the yellow throat and the pale 
pink tint, which so often spoils a white 
Cattleya from a florist’s point of view, as the 
remains of the red tint in the mauve colour. 
Therefore, as yellow is so persistent, we 
cannot expect a white variety to appear 
amongst Cattleya citrina. The white Odonto- 
glossum crispum is due to the disappearance 
of the brown blotches, leaving only the yellow 
markings on the column; and in the case of 
the yellow triumphans, which is a poor form 
of the ordinary type, the brown blotches 
are seither absent -or “ares im) proeessmms 
disappearance. 


Ww w@ 8 


ORCHID SALE.—A total sum of over £1,200 
was realised by Messrs. Protheroe and Morris, 
Cheapside, by a sale by auction of 105 
duphcate Orchids from the Shrubbery collec- 
tion, the property of Mr. F. Menteith Ogilvie. 
The following figures are of interest :— 
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes Charles- 
worthu, five bulbs, 21 gns.; O.c. xanthotes 
White. Lady, «tour bulbs, 1 eas Ore 
xanthotes Snow Queen, seven bulbs, 16 gns. ; 
O.c. Queen Empress, five bulbs, 30 gns.; O.c. 
Magnum Bonum, four bulbs and a new 
growth, 38 gns.; O.c. hololeucum, five bulbs, 
13 gns.; O.c. virginale Madonna, three bulbs 
and a new growth, 13 gns.; O.c. G. F. Moore, 
four bulbs and a new growth, 84 ens.; 
Cattleya gigas Mrs. E. Ashworth, four bulbs, 
all leaved, 13 gns.; C. Triana The Premier, 
four bulbs, all leaved, 36 gns.; C.T. Grand 
Monarch, six bulbs, all leaved, two of which 
are leads, 100 gns.; C.T. Mooreana, four 
bulbs, all leaved, 30 gns.; Lelio-Cattleya 
Golden Glory, five bulbs, two leads, 26 gns. ; 
Brasso-Cattleya Cliftonii magnifica, five bulbs, 
in flower, 210 gns.; Miltonia vexillaria G. D. 
Owen, five bulbs, two new growths, 120 ens. ; 
M.v. chelseaensis, fourteen bulbs, four strong 
leads, 23 gns.; Cypmpediim > Hiei 
Shrubbery variety, one strong growth and 
young break, 15 gns.; Odontoglossum 
Ossulstonu Shrubbery variety, four bulbs, 
two of which are leads, and a flower spike, 


May, 1913.| THE ORCHID 


30 gns.; O. Pescatorei Duchess of West- 
minster, two large bulbs, one new growth, 
42 ens.; and Sophro-Lelia Gratrixie 
magnifica, four bulbs, one with a lead, 34 ens. 


* ee 


PROTECTION OF POLLEN—The Royal 
Horticultural Society has taken steps for the 
better protection of Orchids exhibited at their 
fortnightly meetings by reserving a portion 
of the staging for those plants which have 
received certificates. An attendant will be 
in charge, and a rope affixed some three feet 
away from the staging to prevent visitors from 
passing too near the plants. A printed notice 
with the following words will be attached :— 
“These flowers may on no account be touched 
by anyone during the continuance of the 
Show. By order of the Council.” Exhibitors 
will therefore have a safe place wherein to 
deposit their valuables, but it remains to be 
seen to what extent it will be utilised. In the 
first place, it will be very difhcult for anyone 
to obtain a clear view of these plants owing 
to the large number of admirers; and, 
secondly, many exhibitors will prefer to leave 
them in their own groups situated in various 
parts of the Hall, for it is well known that 
certificated plants are the centre stars of 
attraction in most Orchid groups. However, 
the Society has done its best to prevent a 
repetition of the theft of pollen reported on 
page 148. 


SANDER’S LIST OF ORCHID HYyBRIDS.—This 
most useful book of reference to the many 
hybrids, both of past and present cultivation, 
fills a long felt want, for many amateurs have 
sought in vain for information which the book 
now imparts. Table 1 gives the names of the 
hybrids, arranged in alphabetical order, with 
the seed and pollen parents. The second 
table records, in the first column, those plants 
which have been used as seed parents, also 
arranged alphabetically, the name of the 
hybrid obtained: being given in the third 
column. The third table is similar to the 
second, but gives the names of the pollen 
parents in the first column. Natural hybrids 
are included, but distinguished from those 
artificially raised by an asterisk prefixed 


WORLD. 171 


against the name. The list of Odontoglossum 
and allied genera has been compiled by Mr. 
de Barri Crawshay, and has thereby been 
brought up to date by the best existing 
authority. The book, which is substantially 
bound, consists of 140 pages, including the 
addenda, and has the advantage of numerous 
additional blank pages interleaved for the 
purpose of recording subsequent hybrids. 
The published price is 12s. 6d., and copies may 
be obtained from Messrs. Sander and Sons, 


St. Albans. 


Cypripedium Roundhead. 


CYPRIPEDIUM ROUNDHEAD.— The parent- 
age of this hybrid, illustrated above, is Earl of 
Tankerville (exul x nitens) x nitens (insigne 
x villosum), from which it will be seen that 
only three species are included. No one need 
suppose that it is necessary to combine a large 
number of species in order to obtain a superior 
hybrid, although such combinations may often 
result in the formation of a new cross. In 
Cypripedium Roundhead we see the result of 
selecting and hybridising only such flowers as 
show a tendency to increase the width and 
compact nature of their segments. When 
once a start has been made in this direction, 
every succeeding family includes individuals 
having a natural inclination to accentuate the 
improvement, and by this means the hybridist 


172 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


is able to make rapid headway with his work. 
Cypripedtwm Roundhead has been raised by 
Mr. H. G. Alexander, and when exhibited by 
Lieut:-Col Sir George Holtord Kc CWeOr at 
the Royal Horticultural Society, April Ist, 
1913, a First-class Certificate was awarded. 


——E——————————— 


Cymbidium Humblotii. 


CYMBIDIUM  HUMBLOTIIL—This rare 
Madagascan Cymbidium was originally 
discovered by Mr. Humblot, and first flowered 
in urope by Mr. C. Ingram, of Godalming, 
who exhibited the plant at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, June 7th, 1892, when a 
Botanical Certificate was awarded. Little 
more appears to have been heard of the 
species until Mr. Peeters, of Brussels, 
exhibited a plant at the Holland House Show, 
June, 1907, when it obtained an Award of 
Merit. Some two or three years ago Messrs. 
Charlesworth received a few newly-imported 
specimens from Madagascar, which under 
careful cultivation have exceeded all 
expectations. The plant is a robust grower, 
with stout rhizomes of an ascending nature, 
and the leaves arranged in fan-like form. The 
inflorescence is remarkably distinct, having 


[May, 1913. 


numerous branches, and, when fully 
developed, carrying about 150 flowers of light 
greenish-yellow colour. The sepals thick and 
fleshy, the petals inclined forward over the 
column, and slightly spotted on the lower 
inner half. The labellum is much crisped at 
the apex, the side lobes carried upwards over 
the column ; the centre raised portion of the 
median lobe golden-yellow, and the whole 
heavily spotted with black, and having a 
narrow black margin round the extreme edge. 
The illustration shows a life-size flower from 
the plant exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co., at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
April Ist, 1913, when a First-class Certificate 
and Cultural Commendation were awarded. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM CERVANTESII—One of 
the neatest and prettiest species of cool house 
Orchids is to be seen in Odontoglossum 
Cervantesu. It much resembles the better 
known Od. Rossu, but chiefly differs in 
having concentric broken crimson bands on 
the lower part of the sepals and petals. The 
close resemblance which these markings have 
to the web of a spider have caused the plant 
to be known as the Spider Web Orchid. In 
the Botanical Register, of July, 1845, a good 
illustration of this species is given, together 
with the method of culture in vogue at that 
time. This information, when compared with 
that of the present day, shows how great a 
change has taken place, not only in regard to 
the temperature, but also in the potting com- 
post. The Orchid grower of 1845 was advised 
to treat the Odontoglossum Cervantes as 
follows:—“It should be potted in turfy 
heath-mould in the same way that Orchida- 
ceous plants generally are. In summer an 
ample supply of water should be given, and 
the temperature kept up to about 80 degrees 
by day and about 70 degrees by night. In 
autumn as the pseudo-bulbs become matured, 
water should gradually be withheld, and for 
a few weeks in winter little or none will be 
required, providing the house can be filled 
with steam for about half-an-hour every fine 
day. Although many plants in this order 
succeed well on blocks of wood, without any 
soil whatever, still those under pot culture are 


May, 1913. ] 


much benefited by having it renewed every 
season; this should be done early in spring 
when the plants begin to grow.” One>of the 
finest varieties of this species is that known 
as decorum, which appears to have been first 
exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, at the 
Royal Horticultural Society, February 14th, 
1877, when it received a First-class Certifi- 
cate. The flowers are much larger and have 
petals considerably broader than in the 
ordinary type. By some authorities this 1s 
regarded as a geographical form, and may, 
therefore, have been originally sent to this 
country by more than one plant. Other 
specialists believe that only one plant was 
discovered and that this has been distributed 
by means of propagated pieces. However, 
the variety is now exceedingly scarce, and has 
been almost forgotten until a plant flowered 
in Mr. Richard Ashworth’s collection, at 
Newchurch, Manchester, and was exhibited at 
the Manchester Orchid Society, April 3rd, 
1913. This was labelled Od. Cervantesu 
decorum Ashland’s variety. Mr. J. Howes 
remembers a plant of the variety decorum 
which was in the collection of Mr. Fred. 
Horsman, and there is just the chance that 
this may have appeared once again in 
flowering condition. 
yy wy 

SANDER Cup.—The 25 guinea Silver Cup 
presented by Messrs. Sander and Sons to the 
Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society has 
now been won three times in succession by 
Mr. R. Brooman White, of Arddarroch, and 
therefore becomes his property. At the 
Society’s meeting, April oth, Mr. R. B. White 
(gr. Mr. James Smith) staged a fine exhibit of 
Odontoglossums arranged in a space 12 feet 
by 6 feet, and was awarded the first prize in 
addition to the Sander Cup. Other exhibitors 
included Sir A. B. Milne, Bart., Inveresk Gate, 
Musselburgh; Mr. R. Hindle, Edinburgh ; 
and Mr. C. W. Cowan, Dalhousie Castle, 
Bonnyrigg. 


KS 


¥ 


ORCHID CATALOGUE.—Messrs. Wm. J. 
Biggs and Co. have issued an attractive 
illustrated catalogue of Orchids in their estab- 
hshment at Canonbury Road, Enfield. 


VOL. Ill. 


THE, ORCHID WORLD: a 


“I 
os) 


ORCHID EXHIBITION AT 
CALCUTTA. 


eo OWERS@ ot lowers i Calcutta,” 
L. remarks the Séatesman, “always 
look forward with anticipations of 
pleasure to the annual show of Orchids held 
byeim os. Chatterjee at the Victoria 
Nursery. 
show has been one of the events of the cold- 
weather season, and has been visited annually 
by every Viceroy since Lord Dufferin’s 
time. Lord Carmichael went on Tuesday, 
March 11th, to the show, which was opened 
to the public Wednesday afternoon, and will 
remain open until Sunday. 

“Mr. Chatterjee was the pioneer of the 
nursery business in Calcutta, he having 
started some forty years ago. A few years 
later he went to England to undergo a 
thorough course of training in horticultural 
work, and worked for some time in Kew 
Gardens and other important gardens in 
England; then returning to Calcutta, he 
started the work which has transformed what 
was then a jungle into park-like grounds, with 
splendidly-equipped conservatories, rockeries 
and greenhouses, in which are grown some 
of the rarest Orchids, ferns, and other plants 
known to the horticulturist to-day. 

“The Orchid house during the show was a 
perfect picture of floral beauty, the delicate 
perfume of the lovely flowers giving an added 
pleasure to the senses. 
forty varieties of these beautiful flowers on 
show, including a number of quite rare 
blooms. One of the novelties of the exhi- 
bition was Vanda ccerulescens. The natural 
colour of this type is light blue, but Mr. Chat- 
terjee’s specimen is a delicate pink—which 
makes the bloom the novelty that is so dear 
to the Orchid collector's heart. There were 
five varieties of Phalenopsis—the Queen of 
the Orchids—one of them being P. Stuartiana; 
while of the six types of Oncidium, one, O. 
Carthaginense, is very seldom met with in 
India. Amongst the other blooms to be seen 
here were fifteen varieties of Dendrobiums, 
and others too numerous to be specified. 


For a quarter of a century this 


There were over 


22 


174 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


“Although the Orchid house is the chief 
attraction, there are many other flowers that 
are well worth seeing, and it is very pleasant 
strolling through the shaded plant and palm 
houses, or in the prettily laid out grounds 
behind the nursery.” 


ORCHIDS AT CALCUTTA, 
INDIA. 


Orchidists in Europe would welcome the 
occasional exhibition of Orchids which we 
have here every Spring, as the numerous 
Dendrobes and other varieties common to 
India, and many of the important species, 
including Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Phale- 
nopsis, and Oncidiums, are not only to be 
seen in full bloom, but the flowers are larger 
and richer in colour than those grown in glass 
conservatories. 

In India the direct sunlight plays a very 
important part in the culture of Orchids. It 
reaches the plants in a subdued form through 
the grass thatched roofs. Again, our houses 
are constantly open, being built entirely 
of lattice on all sides, permitting a free 
circulation of air at ali times. 

Seldom, if ever, is protection other than the 
grass thatching of our conservatories neces- 
sary, as frost in the depth of winter is 
unknown in Bengal. Consequently, with 
these advantages in our favour, we naturally 
expect our Orchids to bloom to perfection.— 
Chas. Power, Orchid Villa, Barrack pore, 
Calcutta. 


ORCHID ‘COLLECTING: 
So interesting notes on the difficulties 


of Orchid Collecting are contributed to 

the Journal of the North of England 
Horticultural Society, by Messrs. Mansell and 
Hatcher, whose collector, Mr. Ryall, died on 
his way back to England after three years’ 
work in South America. 

In the autumn of 1909 Ryall left 
Southampton on a Royal Mail steamer for 
Barranquilla, from thence he journeyed up the 
river Magdalena, and eventually reached 


Bogota, the capital of Colombia. Having 


[May, 1913. 


introduced himself to his money agents he 
proceeded to buy ten mules. The wood for 
packing cases was the next consideration. 
This had to be sawn up in special lengths to 
strap on to the mules. Nails, etc. had also 
to be taken up so that boxes could be made 
on the collecting ground. 

Ryall’s first experience of mule riding seems 
to have been very trying, but he liked the 
experience of sleeping under the stars. For 
the first ten days everything went well, but on 
the eleventh night he was aroused by his 
attendants and informed that the natives had 
taken his wood, and a look across the valley 
soon convinced him that this was only too 
true. They had made a bonfire of the boards. 
This meant a dreary ride back to Bogota for 
more boards, and a inonth wasted. 

A very fine batch of Cattleya Triana was 
discovered. The plants were just in their 
dormant stage, and travelled well. It is of 
interest to know how the actual collecting 1s 
done. Usually a site is selected outside a big 
forest, the natives go in with the collector, and 
he superintends the cutting down from the 
trees. As much root as possible is taken, and 
in the evening the plants are tied in bundles 
and carried to the camping ground. About 
three weeks’ hard work is required to get a 
decent consignment. Then the making up of 
the cases is commenced. By the use of 
bracken, which is cut and dried, the plants are 
carefully packed in layers. Plenty of air is 
allowed in the cases, which, after being 
marked with shipping numbers, are loaded on 
mules, and the journey to Honda, the chief 
river base, is commenced. 

Ryall found the air in the district full of 
moisture at night and in the early morning, 
whilst bright sunshine during the day 
practically dried the plants. At times strong 
winds prevailed. 


MEDALS FOR ORCHIDS.—At the Bourne- 
mouth Spring Show Messrs. Charlesworth and 
Co. received a Gold Medal for their exhibit of 
Orchids. At the Liverpool Show, April 2nd, 
Messrs. Manseil and Hatcher, and Messrs. 
Cowan, Ltd., both received Gold Medals for 


attractive displays. 


Ashlands 


Rossendale was a_ royal hunting 
thick was the 


that it formed a 


S OME four centuries ago the forest of 


ground, and_ so 
undergrowth in the valleys 


place of conceal- 


ment for both 
human and 
animal robbers. 


Consequently, 
travellers, in 
bygone days, 
sought to avoid 
those danger 
places and 
variably kept to 
the highest 
ground. This 
fact accounts for 
many of the 
olden roads 


in- 


being along the 
hill tops. All 
this, however, 
has changed, 
many Ww ie say 
for the better. 
The forest has 
long since dis- 
appeared, and 


in its place have 
arisen numerous 
factories with 
their countless chimneys. It has been said 
that where years ago a squirrel could traverse 
the Rossendale district by jumping from tree 
to tree he can now do so by jumping from 
chimney to However, the 
atmosphere is still sufficiently pure to allow 
of remarkable results being obtained in the 


chimney. 


THE 


Collection. 


Richard Ashworth, Esq., J.P. 


2 Fr NEWCHURCH, = |=" 
MANCHESTER. ; 
pale aH 
pe ee ee AW 
PAR 
cultivation of Orchids. It is in this hilly 


some 800 feet above 
that the collection of Richard 
Esq., been established. 
The Ashworth 
family, so well 
Ean= 
can be 
traced back to 
the year 1100. 
To-day it has a 
worthy member 


district of Rossendale, 
sea_ level, 


Ashworth, has long 


known in 
cashire, 


in Mr. Richard 
Ashworth, who 
besides being a 
Justice of the 
Peace for the 
County of 


IL, Ain Gai Sine, 1 
Treasurer of the 
Manchester 
Orchid Society, 
and at the age of 
05 the 
leisure hours of 


spends 


his otherwise 
busy commercial 
hfe in the 
teresting hobby 
of Sr chad 
culture. Mer. 
Ashworth, it 
should be mentioned, is looked upon as the 
authority on the Rossendale dialect, a subject 
upon which he has several times lectured. 


in- 


Twenty-one years ago saw the commence- 
ment of this collection, and the last 
sixteen years the owner has been engaged in 


during 


selecting choice forms and varieties with such 


176 THE ORCHID” WORED: 


care and judgment that it now holds one of 
the premier positions in the country. The 
numerous Medals and Awards fully certify 
this fact. 

Dendrobiums have recently been making a 
eay show in the large conservatory, and 
considering how useful these are in the early 
spring months, it 1s somewhat surprising that 
they are not more often cultivated, but, as 
in most things, fashion, and this alone, may 
be the cause. Before long their popularity 
will once again 
return. Den- 
drobium Bryan, 
a searce hybrid 
between luteolum 
and Wardianum, 
and difficult to 
cultivate, flowers 
every S€as50 se 
Dend. R. Ash- 
worth 1s unique, 
Aull te lnie Sie@e lk 
being in this 
collection. The 
large whitish 
flowers have a 
pilin ke tf aaorait: 
Another very 
distinct hybrid is 
D. Rainbow. 
The golden- 
yellow chessing- 
tonense always 
attracts attention. In a spacious house 
Bulbophyllum Ericsonu and B. virescens grow 
vith remarkable vigour, the leaves being 
much larger than usually seen. Epidendrum 
radicans with its scarlet flowers, and E. 
hybridum with its rose-red flowers, almost 
cover the end of the house with their trailing 
stems. Lelia anceps in great variety, and 
various Dendrobiums, are suspended from the 
roof, and on the front stage a large number 
of promising Cypripedium seedlings are fast 
reaching the flowering condition. 

In a cool house Lycaste Skinneri is 
cultivated with great success. The numerous 
plants have produced a continuation of bloom 


Odontoglossum ardentissimum ‘Robsone. 
In the Ashlands collection. 


[May, 1913. 


from last November until the present time. 
As many as 13 blooms have been seen on 
single plants. Rather more shade than usual 
is given to these plants, which results in the 
flower stems being drawn to a considerable 
length, although the flowers in no way appear 
to suffer. Suspended in baskets are various 
varieties of Masdevallia chimera, their curious 
flowers proving a source of endless wonder- 
ment, and having the additional charm of 
being produced throughout the whole year. 

One of: the 
surprises to be 
SC ns ial tate 
Ashlands collec- 
tion ts "eine 
vigorous way in 
which the blue- 
flowering Den- 
drobium V-c‘oria 
Regina grows. 
The plants are 
cultivated in 
pans suspended 
from the roof of 
a cool house, 
and the thick 
substantial bulbs 
and leaves 
acquire a healthy 
bit On Zey tin€ 
seldom seen in 
other collections. 
Odontoglos s u m 
citrosmum is equally well cultivated. The 
plants are kept quite dry during the winter, 
and, almost without exception, produce long 
pendulous spikes of bloom every spring time. 
3ollea Lalindei flowers several times during 
the year, its curiously constructed blue-tinted 
flowers being much appreciated. Zygopetalum 
Perrenoudi is another elegant Orchid, the 
rich purple colour on its large lip showing to 
great advantage. 

Seedlings are always of interest. The first 
one raised by Mr. Ashworth was Cymbidium 
Lowio-eburneum ; it is now 14 years old and 
a noble specimen. The Odontoglossum 
seedlings are grown upon an elevated stage 


May, 1913.] THE ORCHID 


occupying the whole length of one house ; they 
number many thousands, and some of the 
largest are commencing to flower. Cypri- 
pediums and Cattleyas are also being raised 
in large numbers. 

The Trichopilia genus is a favourite one 
with Mrs. Ashworth, and, consequently, is well 
represented. T. crispa, with its undulating 
margins; T. tortilis, with its twisted sepals 
and petals; T. suavis, with its fragrant 
flowers; and T. Backhouseana, one of the 


finest of the (igus Cre 
SAS TMS, | ae ee. 
among the 
kinds cultivated 
at Ashlands. 

Cypripediums 
are largely 
grown, the 
Vis € ties ine 
cluding almost 
alite the. - best 
certificated 
plants. Those 
which have 
been — specially 
fine during the 
last season 
include: Daisy 
Barclay, Dread- 
nought, —Alci- 
biades illustre, 
The Premier, 
Lawrenceanum 
Heyee au. um; 
fulsha wense, 
and the rare Druryi. Cyp. callosum Sandere 
has been a perfect picture with its numerous 
flowers. One of the many successful results 
in hybridismg has been Cypripedium R. 
Ashworth, obtained by crossing Lathamianum 
giganteum with Leeanum Clnkaberryanum. 
The upper part of the dorsal is white; the 
other part together with the petals and 
labellum is bright yellowish-brown, reminding 
one of the elegant variety known as 
Moonlight. The shape leaves nothing to be 
desired, and the flower kept fresh for the long 
period of 12 weeks. 


VOL. Tt. 


Cypripedium Godefroye leucoch 
In the Ashlands collection. 


WORLD. 177 


Miltomias are quite at home in the place 
selected for their culture. There is no sign 
of the leaf disease so often seen. The varieties 
include Hyeana, Bleuana, Empress Augusta 
Victoria, and chelseaensis. 

Cattleyas are well 
unfortunately, do not grow with the same 
vigour as those situated in more sunny 


represented, but, 


counties. The growing season does not 
appear to be long enough to enable the 
plants to ripen their bulbs in the autumn 

Ze LTTE TIE sufficiently to 
produce — thick 
tes f uirverd 
flowers. Never- 
theless, it is 
surprising what 
can be accom- 
plished when 
the cultivator 
puts his best 
im terest for 
ward. Cattleya 
labiata 1S 
represented by 
the elegant 
forms known as 
Gilmouriae, 
Amesiana and 
Mrs. E. Ash- 
worth, the latter 
having 
white sepals 
and petals and 
the front of the 
labellum bright 
crimson-purple. It received a_ First-class 
Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, 
October 13th, 1896. C. Gaskelliana alba 
is represented by a magnificent variety 
measuring gs inches across the petals. C. 
Percivaliana alba is also a large flowering 
form. C. Schroderz alba “ Mrs. H. Ratcliffe,” 
C. Warneri alba, and the very scarce C. 
Mendel alba are also to be seen in excellent 
health. C. Lueddemanniana Stanley: has 
petals 3 in. in width, and a pure white variety 
of the species bearing the name of Empress 
is extremely beautiful, the whole flower 


pure 


ceric 


lam Hodgkinsonii. 


+ 
23 


178 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


having a delicate veining. Leelia tenebrosa 
“Walton Grange” variety and Lelia pumila 
alba are two other varieties worthy of special 
mention. Of course, in such a large collection 
as this there are countless plants of the 
various Cattleya and Lelia species. 
Cypripedium bellatulum succeeds well 
when grown in suspended pans and kept 
fairly dry. Many plants are to be seen, the 


[May, 1913. 


Platyclinis is represented by Cobbiana, 
elumacea, and filiformis. A link with the past 
is to be seen in several curiously shaped 
carved pots and baskets which were made by 
the late Sir Charles Strickland, and used by 
him for Orchid growing. 

Odontoglossums are to be seen at their best 
during the present season. At Ashlands they 
have given an abundance of flower for many 


Cypripedium Rolfei, R. Ashworth’s var. 


(bellatulum X Rothschildianum). 


varieties including album, Queen of Spain, 
which is very distinct, Exhim’s variety, well 
known as the darkest form, and Richard 
Ashworth, a unique variety in which the 
segments have one half of their surface white 
and the other half dark claret colour 
Cypripedium niveum is no less happy in the 
same position. 


weeks past ; in fact, all through the year there 
is something of interest in these houses. 
Very few greenhouses can show such an 
abundance of colour. Cochlioda hybrids are 
in great variety, Odontiodas and Oncidiodas 
both adding their rich red colour to the 
general display. One of the latest additions 
is. the Ashlands variety of Oncidioda 


May; 1973: | THT ORCHID WwW ORT: 179 


Cooksoniz (C. Noezlana x On. macranthum). 
Odontoglossum triumphans “ Hesperides” is 
of the broad petalled type now rarely seen. 
O. crispum “ R. Ashworth” is of special merit ; 
the large flower has all the segments 
handsomely blotched with reddish-purple. O. 
ardentissimum Robsonz is undoubtedly the 
finest form of this popular hybrid. The 
distinctive features are the decisive manner 
in which the bright violet-purple blotches are 
arranged and the clear white margin to all 
the segments. 

Odontoglossum aspersum, with a green tint 
on the petals, O. cordatum aureum, and Od. 
grande aureum are three rarities. Od. crispum 
“ Perfection,” as well as crispum xanthotes 
Warburtonz are other examples in_ this 
valuable collection. There are many 
Odontoglossum hybrids of more than 
ordinary mezit, of which mention must be 
made of eximium “ Excelsis,” illustrissimum, 
and Cloth of Gold, the latter a very fine 
result obtained by crossing Wilckeanum with 
amabile. The large flower is of excellent 
shape, golden-yellow, and marked with 
purple-red. 

One of the gems in the collection is Od. 
Cervantesi decorum, a very large and distinct 
variety ; the pollen of it has been placed on 
a good form of nebulosum. A pretty variety 
of Od. Ruckerianum is of interest, for the 
reason that at one time it was in the B. S. 
Williams collection, long since dispersed. 

With such an old and extensive collection 
it is impossible to do more than mention but 
a few of its many specialities. Anyone who 
has spent a few years in the study of these 
plants knows full well how vast the subject 
is, and only a personal visit can give one a 
correct impression of the importance of the 
Ashlands collection. These short notes may, 
however, give some proof of the choice 
specimens and the beautiful flowers which 
they produce. 

The whole collection is in a remarkable 
healthy condition, and when an exhibit was 
sent to the Temple Show, May, 1903, a Silver 
Lindley Medal for culture was awarded. At 
the present time this valuable and interesting 
collection is in charge of Mr. Gilden, whose 


name will be remembered by Od. crispum 
Gildeni, and who started the study of 
Orchids with Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., 
subsequently being engaged by Mr. Hardy, 
of Tyntesheld, Mr. Cookson, of Wylam, and 
the Earl of Tankerville, at Chillingham. 


ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. 


T has often been said that Odontoglossums 

| are difficult plants to grow, and if the 
house is kept hot and dry this statement 

is quite correct. Almost all the failures with 
the culture of Odontoglossums are due to the 
unsuitable atmosphere in which amateurs 
attempt to grow the plants. There is always 
a certain amount of fear and trembling when 
an amateur commences Orchid growing. e 
has heard or read that great care and experi- 
ence are necessary to reap success, and, 
therefore, imagines that he must give 
unceasing attention to stoking the fire and 
allowing all the bright light possible to reach 
the plants. These erroneous ideas are 
entirely the cause of his failures. 

Odontoglossums require a cool, shady, and 
moist atmosphere, very similar to that which 
maidenhair ferns enjoy in an ordinary green- 
house. The temperature should not go below 
45 degrees at night time, and during the day 
anything from 50-60 degrees will be suitable. 
OF course, on hot sunny days the temperature 
will rise considerably, often to 70 or more 
degrees, but if plenty of moisture is in the 
atmosphere very little harm will accrue. 

Whenever the outside atmosphere is moist 
and not much below 50 degrees a free venti- 
lation may be given, but cold draughts and 
very dry air are extremely 
Amateurs should always remember that 
ventilation takes away a great deal of the 
atmospheric moisture, and, therefore, all 
staging, the paths, and underneath the hot- 
water pipes, should be kept constantly moist. 
Many ordinary greenhouse plants only 
require a moist soil, and never mind how dry 
the atmosphere may be, but such is not the 
case with Odontoglossums, for these require 
moisture in the air quite as much as in the 
compost. 


injurious. 


180 Wise, (ORRCCTSUUD) 


The natural home of the Odontoglossum 
knows no winter or summer such as we are 
accustomed to. <All the year through the 
plants enjoy a fairly regular temperature and 
Now and again an 
excess of rain or a few weeks drought may 


condition of moisture. 


appear unfavourable, but the plants are so 
robust that they quickly recover when more 
favourable conditions return. 

It must always be remembered that 
extremes of heat are as injurious as low 
During the hot summer 
months all our care and attention will be 
required to keep the Odontoglossum house 
from getting too warm. The method of 


opening wide all the doors and ventilators, 


temperatures. 


and thus allowing the hot and dry air to come 
in contact with the plants, 1s very injurious. 
The aim of the cultivator should be to keep 
the internal air as moist and cool as possible 
by careful shading and frequent damping 
down of all the staging and paths. With 
some of the old forms of greenhouses, in 
which the side ventilators are placed on a 
level with the staging, there is nothing to 
moisten the fresh air before it reaches the 
plants, but in the modern constructions ample 
ventilation is afforded almost on a level with 
the ground, and if some coarse sacking 
material kept constantly moist 1s suspended 
near the openings a very beneficial atmo- 
Top ventilators 
will always be required, although they are 
often opened too widely, and thereby produce 
a draught. 


sphere will be maintained. 


These only require opening 
just sufficiently to allow the heated air to 
escape. 

On all fine days the foliage may be finely 
syringed with rain-water of the same tem- 
perature as the house, taking care that the 
greater part 1s evaporated before the close of 
day, especially if the coming night is likely to 
be cold. Careful cultivators will give a look 
at all the plants before leaving the house in 
order to find any plants with surplus water 
left standing in the new growth. Any plants 
in this condition should be turned over and 
the water shaken out. Slight moisture on the 
leaves is beneficial, but a new growth left full 
of water on a cold might will frequently be 


WORLD. [May, 1913. 


destroyed, although the damage may not be 
apparent until a few days have passed. 

Insect pests are not numerous, the principai 
one being thrip, which does an immense 
amount of damage in a comparatively short 
time. The new flower spikes are generally 
attacked, a sure indication being the rusty 
brown appearance and the arrest of develop- 
ment. These small msects) are \jalmosk 
invisible to the naked eye, but the use of a 
lens will easily find them out. A dry 
atmosphere favours their increase, and in a 
short time they will completely spoil the 
whole plant. Early attention is necessary to 
prevent this pest spreading to every plant in 
the house, and, fortunately, its destruction is 
easily carried out by the use of a suitable 
insecticide, or washing the plants with a weak 
solution of soap and water. There are some 
growers who regularly spray their plants 
every second or third week with one or other 
of the various nicotine washes, and such prac- 
tice invariably maintains the house and plants 
in a clean condition. Fumigation is very bene- 
ficial, especially when the house is in good 
structural condition and can be made to hold 
the vapour, but in oid houses this is a difficult 
matter and the most satisfactory results will 
come from spraying and washing the plants. 

With Odontoglossums the amateur has a 
very wide and varied assortment to choose 
from, possibly larger than any other genus. 
Two species that may be regarded as the 
foundation of all the Odontoglossum hybrids 
are crispum and Pescatorei, the former gives 
size and substance, the latter branching 
spikes. The varieties of crispum are so 
numerous and beautiful that a house is often 
entirely devoted to their culture. With 
amateurs, however, this is not always possible, 
and in view of the elegant hybrids now being 
produced it is not surprising to find a general 
desire to include as varied a selection as is 
possible with due respect to expenditure and 
accommodation. Odontoglossum Harryanum 
has worked wonders in the genus, not only 
with its strong constitution, but with its rich 
coloration. By its use we have hybrids too 
numerous to mention, yet almost all worthy 
of cultivation. 


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May, 1913. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 183 


CYPRIPEDIUM CAUDATUM. 


HE great singularity of this Central 
American Orchid causes it to be a 


source of considerable interest, and 
anyone seeing the plant in flower for the 
first time cannot be otherwise than mystified. 
The large flowers have the upper  sepal 
creamy-white, with greenish veins; the long 
ribbon-like petals, which frequently attain a 
length of 30 or more inches, are brownish- 
crimson, with yellow markings; lip bronzy- 
green, with basal part yellow, and beautifully 
marked with reddish-brown. 

Our illustration depicts a symmetrical 
example flowering in the Wyndhurst Gardens, 
Lenox, Mass., U.S.A, where it has-been 
successfully cultivated by Mr. Alfred J. 
Loveless, who is also a skilful photographer. 
The plant is in a six inch pot, and carries six 
flowers, two on each of the three spikes. 

Mrs. Lawrence, of Ealing Park, one of the 
most enthusiastic and successful amateurs of 
bygone days, and mother of Sir Trevor 
Lawrence, Bart, was one of the first to 
observe the wonderful nature of the ribbon- 
like petals, and her ardent affection for the 
plant was shown by the careful way in which 
she daily recorded their growth. 

The suggestions put forth to account for 
the length cf the petais and to what use they 
can be to the plant have been many and 
varied. Not the least interesting is the one 
that the petals by extending to the ground 
serve the purpose of a ladder by which insects 
are able to ascend in order to collect. the 
nectar, and by so doing fertilise the flower. 

In the variety known as Wallisii the flowers 
are much paler in colour, nearly white, with 
the lip shghtly rose spotted. In the variety 
Warscewiczii the foliage is shorter and 
darker, the flowers much brighter in colour, 
the petals flushed with rose-purple. Another 
variety named Luxembourg has the upper and 
lower sepals of butter-yellow, veined with 
green, the pouch dull green and petals dull 
purple. 

Cypripedium caudatum Lindenu, formerly 
known as Uropedium Lindenu, has the pouch 
turned into a third ribbon-like petal of equal 


length to the lateral ones. The same 
> 
peculiarity has occurred in the variety Wallisn. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 
Odontoglossum Io. 


Ruckerianum x nobile 
(Crawshayanum) (Veitchianum) 


A concise description of this remarkable 
example of hybridity and heredity would be 
“Reversion run wild.” It is impossible to 
believe such a pair of parents could be blessed 
with such an offspring. There is no doubt as 
to its correctness, for the cross was the 
only one I made with the plants. I think it 
will also stand alone. 

Shortly described, it is the worst form of 
Od. baphicanthum (Reich. fils) I have seen. 
Sepals have an occasional spot as big as a 
pin’s head. Petals are pure and immaculate, 
having the small basal line seen in 
gloriosum. The colour of both sepals and 
petals is very slightly rose tinted creamy- 
yellowish-white. 

The lip is equally bad, lke a narrow 
Coradinei lip slightly pandurate. This feature 
and the coloured underside of the column are 
the only evidence of the gorgeous ¢ parent. 
The illustration of the seedling crispum in 
Orchid Review, 1905, p. 112, has much better 
form. 

I name it solely for the purpose of record, 
as someone way raise the cross and bloom a 
good variety from worse parents. Personally, I 
shall not attempt to wrest that honour from 
them. 

de B. Crawshay, April 13th, 1913. 


CATTLEYA MENDELISSIMA— The combina- 
tion of Mendeli and Lueddemanniana has 
produced another spring flowering hybrid in 
the Cattleya section, although it cannot be 
said that either species has been really 
improved by so doing. Still, the hybrid is 
worthy of record. Raised by Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean, Cooksbridge. 


184 IMSS ORKGISUND 


ODONTOGLOSssUM Datsy.—Messrs. Hassall 
and Co., Southgate, have raised an interesting 
hybrid between Kegeljani (Polyxanthum) and 
Lambeauianum. The creamy-yellow ground 
colour at once distinguishes the flower from 
the large number of rose and purple-blotched 
hybrids, and any such change is bound to be 
useful. A large chocolate-coloured blotch is 
on the labellum and each of the sepals. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM DEMETRIA—-A_ very 
attractive hybrid has been flowered by Mr. 
E. H.. Davidson, Twyford, Berks. The 
parents are Kegeljani (Polyxanthum) and 
Rolfex, the former having a great influence 
on the shape of the flower. Although the 
ground colour may be said to be yellow, there 
is much suffusion of rose, chiefly on the back 
of the segments. The sepals have a large 
brownish-red blotch near their centre, and a 
few smaller ones near the column. The 
labellum is broad at the apex, toothed at the 
sides, and has a large shining crimson blotch. 

ODONTIODA EpiITH—lInterest is now 
passing from the primary to the secondary 
Odontiodas. By crossing chelseaensis (vul- 
canica x crispum) with Bradshawie (Noezliana 
x crispum) Mr. Wm. Bolton, of Warrington, 
has combined the characters of the two 
Cochlioda species, and has produced what 
one might expect from the use of Cochlioda 
miniata, which is a natural hybrid between 
C. vulcanica and C. Noezhana. The flower is 
rose-red in colour, of good size, and rendered 
attractive by the well-developed yellow crest 
on the labellum. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM TRIUMPHOSUM.—As the 
specific names almost indicate, the parents 
are triumphans and cirrhosum. The whole 
flower is bright golden-yellow, with a few 
brown blotches. Messrs. McBean, of Cooks- 
bridge, by raising this plant, have added one 
more hybrid to the list of primary crosses. 

ODONTIODA DALTONENSIS.—An _ elegant 
hybrid between Od. Phoebe (cirrhosum x 
crispum), and C. Noezliana. Flower three 
inches in width, of solid scarlet-red colour. 
An improvement on keighleyensis (cirrhosum 
x C. Noezliana), the better form being due to 
‘he crispum influence. Raised by Mr. J. H. 
Craven, Beeches, Keighley. 


WORLD. [May, 1913. 


THE. HEIGHTSIDE -COLEE Cist@re 


N interesting collection of Orchids has 
been formed at “ Heightside,” New- 
church, near Manchester, the residence 

of H. H. Bolton, Esq. The picturesque garden 
has much of the old style about it, and many a 
favoured corner shelters some example of the 
bygone days. Upon a seat are carved the 
words :— 

How could such sweet and happy hours 

Be reckoned but with herbs and flowers. 

The glasshouses are well-arranged, in 
excellent structural condition, and eminently 
suitable for Orchid culture. A floriferous 
variety of Dendrobium fimbriatum with 
pretty, golden flowers having only a trace of 
red-brown on the lip is quite a charm to the 
house. The Heightside variety of D. nobile 
is of large size and weil worthy of cultivation. 
D. nobile album and an extensive selection of 
Dendrobium hybrids are also cultivated. 
Lelia anceps and its many varieties are 
grown in suspended pans, and when so 
cultivated weil-ripened bulbs are produced. 
Coelogyne Massangeava, often spoken of as 
the Necklace Orchid, and C. fuliginosa may 
also be seen, as well as a large batch of 
Calanthes. 

In the Cattleya house there is a varied 
assortment of species and hybrids. A large 
specimen of C. Schrédere is quite a picture, 
with two spikes, each carrying five large 
flowers. Other plants of the same species 
look equally promising. C. Lawrenceana is 
quite at home in this house and makes 
vigorous bulbs with good flower-sheaths. 
Cymbidium insigne is well cultivated. 

The Cypripedium house has been gay all 
through the winter, many of the plants have 
still a good show of flower. The collection 
includes Selenipediums, many of the best 
present-day hybrids, and some of the good 
species. Mention should be made of aureum 
Hyeanum, Lowi, Victoria Marie, and the 
interesting caudatum. 

In the Odontoglossum house Oncidiums 
macranthum and lamelligerum have produced 
several very long flower spikes, which are 
trained up to the roof and give a picturesque 


185 


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ORCHID WORLD. 


Walls 


May, 1913.]| 


186 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


appearance to the house. Additional colour is 
given by yellow flowering Oncidiums and the 
red Sophronitis grandiflora. Odontoglossums 
are particularly happy, and as the house is 
some goo feet above the sea level the 
atmosphere is fresh and buoyant. A very 
handsome variety, known as King of Sparta, 
has two spikes on the same bulb, and carrying 
a total of 20 well developed flowers heavily 
blotched with purple. O. crispum Black 
Prince, O. excellens Richd. Ashworth, and 


GHENT 


HE Ghent Exhibition was opened by 
Their Majesties the King and Queen 


of Belgium, accompanied by Prince 
Leopold, on Saturday, April 26th, and great 
enthusiasm prevailed among the numerous 
exhibitors and the vast crowd which 
thronged the Exhibition Buildings. The 
following report includes the principal 
Orchid groups. 

Mons. Firmin Lambeau was awarded the 
Gold Medal presented by the King of 
Belgium for a wonderful display of choice 
Orchids most tastefully arranged. The note- 
worthy plants included Miltonia vexillaria 
G. D. Owen; Miltonia Hyeana of splendid 
form; Leelio-Cattleya Golden Glory, with 
golden-yellow segments; L.-C.  Firminu 
“Ville de Gand,” a richly coloured variety ; 
Brasso-Cattleya Ajax; a host of elegant 
Cattleya and  Odontoglossum — hybrids ; 
albino varieties of almost all the Cattleya 
species; a choice selection of Odontiodas ; 
and many other novelties. 

M. Lambeau also received  Silver-gilt 
Medals for Cymbidium Lambeauianum ; 
Lelio-Cattleya Firminiu “Ville de Gand”; 
Odontoglossum crispum “Reine Elisabeth,” 
a magnificent white flower of large 
proportions with a _ bright reddish-purple 
blotch in the centre of each segment; Od. 
Ville de Gand, a good hybrid of the amabile 
section; Ccoelogyne pandurata; Cymbidium 
Humblotu ; Odontoglossum luteo-pur- 
pureum ; Eulophiella Elisabethz, a wonderful 


[May, 1913. 


O. Halli xanthoglossum carrying a spike of 19 
good flowers are a few of the noteworthy 
plants. O. citrosmum proves of much interest. 

Lycaste Skinneri is represented by a large 
and distinctly coloured variety, and besides a 
varied selection of Masdevallias there is an 
extensive collection of various cool and warm 
house Orchids. The very healthy condition 
of ail the plants speaks well for the 
atmosphere and Mr. Eastwood, who is in 
charge of the practical part. 


SHOW. 


plant with six large spikes of flower; and 
for an albino seedling Cattleya obtained hy 
crossing C. intermedia alba with C. 
Schrédere alba, the 14 flowers all being pure 
white. Odontioda Coronation, one of the 
marvels of the show, was also awarded a 
Silver-gilt Medal. 

Mons. Ch. Dietrich, Auderghem, was 
awarded the “(Euvre d’Art,” value 200 
francs, presented by M. L. Tiller, of Paris, 
for a very artistic exhibit of Orchids, 
containing many excellent forms of Cattleya 
Mendelu, good varieties of C. Empress 
Frederick, Cymbidium insigne, a _ grand 
specimen Brasso-Cattleya Digbyano- 
Schrédere, many Miultonias, some excellent 
blotched Odontoglossums, Phaius Norman, 
and a varied selection of all the well-known 
species and hybrids. 

Count Joseph de Hemptinne, St. Denis, 
received the 1st Prize, an Céuvre d’Art, value 
150 francs, for a grand display of Odontc- 
glossum crispum, many of the varieties being 
specially good. There were several grand 
Cattleyas, Odontiodas, Odontoglossum Dora, 
Brasso-Cattleya Orpheus, an excellent pure 
white flower of good substance, and a richly 
coloured Brasso-Cattleya Vilmoriniana. 

Messrs. Th. Pauwels, Meirelbeke, were 
awarded the “CEuvre d’Art,” presented by 
Mons. F. Lambeau, for an extensive and very 
beautiful exhibit of Cymbidium Pauwelsu, all 
the specimens being specially well flowered. 
Numerous Odontoglossums, both species and 


May, 1913.] 


hybrids, a large selection of Cattleyas, Leelias, 
and Brassavola hybrids, as well as many 
beautiful Miltonias assisted in making one of 
the best groups in the exhibition. 

Mons. Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent, was 
awarded the “Prix du Val Duchesse,” 
presented by M. Ch. Dietrich, for an 
extensive and very attractive group of 
Miltonia vexillaria. The centre of the exhibit 
included M. v. G. D. Owen, M. v. alba, and 
other distinct varieties and hybrids of 
Miltonia ; Odontoglossum crispum “ Oakfield 
Sunrise,” with the petals richly coloured 
purple-red, and shown in great perfection ; 
Cattleya Lueddemanniana alba “Empress,” 
with two well-developed flowers; and C. 
citrina maxima, an immense flower. An 
interesting plant was a hybrid between the 
peloriate form of Cattleya intermedia known 
as Aquini, and Cattleya Aclandie; the 
pelorism is continued in the hybrid with the 
result that the flower has the petals creamy- 
yellow in the central area and bright purple 
at the ends, thus giving the appearance of 
three lips; the sepals are spotted with 
purple. 

Messrs. Duchesne and Lanthoine, Auder- 
ghem, staged a fine exhibit of Odontoglossum 
crispum. 150 specimen plants were included, 
many being of special merit. A pretty effect 
was made by the inclusion of the bright red 
Masdevallia Veitchu grandiflora, and M. 
Harryana. Gold Medal. 

Mons. Ch. Vuylsteke, Loochristi, Ghent, 
receive:! an “ CEuvre d’Art,” value 500 francs, 
for a most beautiful exhibit. The noteworthy 
plants included Odontoglossum eximium 
“Duc de Brabant,” a fine flower with broad 
segments heavily blotched with  reddish- 
purple; Od. gandavanse “ Parsifal,” heavily 
blotched; Od. L’Aiglon giganteum, an 
immense flower; Od. crispum “Glorie de 
Belgique,” a very round white flower of great 
size and having dark blotches on the centre 
of the segments ; and Od. Saturnus, a distinct 
hybrid with purple-blue colour. The 
Odontiodas included Vuylstekez floribunda, 
with a branched spike of at least 230 blooms ; 
O. Vuylstekez “Roi de Belges,” dark rose 
heavily blotched with red; O. striata, with 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 187 


the scarlet-red colour arranged in dotted 
lines; and O. Blushing Bride, a remarkable 
hybrid clearly showing the influence of 
Cochhoda Noezliana in construction, but not 
in colour, the flower being white with a 
suffusion of rose over the whole surface. 

Mons. Arthur Meusser, Woluwe _ St. 
Lambert, was awarded a Gold Medal for a 
superb exhibit of Odontoglossum crispum 
which had been collected by him in the best 
district. The group contained 150 specimen 
plants, every one of which carried a full 
natural spike, and many magnificent varieties 
were included. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Enfield, 
received an “ Cfuvre d’Art,” value 250 francs, 
for an extensive group containing the 
interesting Pleurothallis Birchenalli, a fine 
form of Oncidium lamelligerum, Dendrobium 
nobile album, Cymbidium Lowgrinum, the ~ 
blue flowering Vanda  ccerulescens, C. 
Mossiz, a grand specimen with over 30 large 
flowers, C. M. Wageneri, C. M. Reineckiana, 
and several good forms of C. Mendelii, one 
of which had pure white sepals and petals 
and slight purple tint on the labellum. 
Numerous varieties of Leelio-Cattleyas, 
several excellent forms of Miltonia vewillaria, 
and many other attractive species and 
hybrids made a very attractive exhibit. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded an “(CEuvre d’Art,” 
value 250 francs, for a most interesting group, 
in which were the rare Cymbidium 
Humblotu, Oncidium Claesianum with a spike 
of over 60 flowers, Maxillaria Sanderiana, 
Odonto-cidium Fowlerianum, Phaius simulans, 
several varieties of P. Norman, the elegant 
Eulophiella Elisabethe, Miltonia Hyeana, 
some very fine examples of their numerous 
hybrids, of which Odontiodas and Odonto- 
glossums were specially noteworthy, and well 
flowered specimens of Oncidium macranthum. 

Mons. Ch. Maillard, St. Andre lez-Lille, 
France, received a Gold Medal, value 150 
francs, for an interesting exhibit of Odonto- 
glossum hybrids. The best were :—Jasper, 
harvengtense, Doris, and hibernicum. 
Odontioda Bradshawie, O. Charlesworthu, 
and several others were well-flowered, and a 


188 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


good dark form of Odontoglossum Edwardii 
added colour to the group. 

Messrs. A. and G. Janseen, Merxem, staged 
a pretty group for which a Gold Medal, value 
100 francs, was granted. The most interesting 
plants being Cattleya intermedia alba; C. 
Schrédere, of excellent quality ; C. Mendelu, 
with a rich, dark lp; Cypripedium 
Maudie, C. Lawrenceanum, Odontoglossum 
harvengtense, and other blotched hybrids, 
various bright-yellow Oncidiums, and in the 
centre of the group a grand _ specimen 
Miltonia vexillaria. 

Mons. René Behiels, St. Nicolas, Waes, 
exhibited in a class for 50 Orchids, and 
received a Gold Medal, value 100 francs. 
The plants, which were mostly grown in 
baskets and displayed considerable vigour, 
included some very choice forms of Cattleya 
Schrédere, Cypripedium Maudie, Odonto- 
glossum Ethelreda, and distinct varieties of 
other well-known species. 

Dr. Ballion, Ghent, received a Gold Medal, 
value 100 francs, for a good group in 
which were many excellent hybrids, 
including Lzeho-Cattleya Hyeana, Odontioda 
Charlesworthu, O. Devossiana, O. Alma, 
O. Cooksonie,  Brasso-Cattleya Marie, 
Cymbidium Pauwelsu, and many Cypri- 
pediums. Cattleya  Pynzrtu, sandeaae 
Schroderee “ Prince Leopold” were also much 
admired. 

Messrs. Vacherot et Lecoufle, Boissy St. 
Leger, France, were awarded a Gold Medal, 
value 50 francs, for an attractive exhibit of 20 
specimen plants of Lzelio-Cattleya Lucia ; and 
in the class for the most beautiful Leelio- 
Cattieya they received a Silver-gilt Medal for 
a fine variety of L.-C. Lucia. 

Mons. E. Praet, Mt.-St. Amand, received 
an “CEuvre d’Art,” value 150 francs, for an 
excellent collection of various Orchids, which 
included Miltonia Hyeana in variety, some 
beautiful examples of Cattleya Schrédere, 
good forms of Odontoglossom crispum, and 
interesting hybrids. The same exhibitor also 
received a Gold Medal, value 50 francs, for a 
collection of 30 Orchids, and a Silver-gilt 
Medal for a selection of Indian Orchids. 


(To be continued.) 


[May, 1913. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOGIE RY. 


April Ist, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Messrs. Jas 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, R. A. 
Rolfe, J. S. Moss, J. Wilson Potter, F. Sander, 
A. McBean, W. Waters Butler, F. M. Ogilvie, 
W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. 
Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, W. P. Bound, A. 
Dye, W.-H. White, C.J Maucas, oF lonat. 
Peeters, W. Bolton, F. J. Hanbury, and de B. 
Crawshay. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for 
an effective group of meritorious Orchids. 
Dendrobiums, Lelio-Cattleyas in great 
variety, and Zygopetalum Armstrongie were 
in good form. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a large 
group of Cattleyas, the varieties of Schréderze 
being very fine. Odontoglossums and 
Cypripediums were well represented. An 
interesting plant was Cymbidium [’Ansonu, 
received from Annam. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, 
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a very 
pretty group containing Epidendrum Wallisu, 
E. Stamfordianum, good Cattleyas, and 
various hybrids raised at Rosslyn. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. G. E. Day), was awarded a Silver 
Banksian .Medal for a fine collection of 
Odontiodas, Odontoglossum hybrids, and 
other good Orchids. 

Mr. S. Flory, Twickenham, was awarded a 
Silver Banksian Medal for a good group of 
Cattleya Schroder, several Orchids of 
botanical interest, and rare species. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for 
an interesting exhibit of Dendrobiums, those 
of the yellow section being specially notice- 
able. Various yellow-flowering Oncidiums 
were also shown. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
awarded a Bronze Medal for a choice selec- 
tion, including Cattleya Luddemanniana 


May, 1913. | 


Stanley1, Lzelio-Cattleyas and Brassavola 
hybrids. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
exhibited some very fine examples of Cattleya 
Schrédere, one having a pseudo-bulb six 
inches in circumference. The new Cattleya 
Brenda, with pure white flowers, Odonto- 
glossum and other hybrids were also shown. 

Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed 
Lelio-Cattleya Frederick Boyle Langley 
variety, a pretty blush-white form. . 

W. Waters Butler, Esq., Southfield, Buir- 
mingham, exhibited Cattleya Tityus South- 
field variety, a beautiful form; and Lelio- 
Cattleya Dominiana Southfield variety, of 
excellent colour. 

Col. J. Rutherford, Beardwood, Blackburn, 
sent a good plant of the rare Cymbidium 
Parishu. 

B. H. Davidson, Esq. Orchid Dene, 
Twyford, showed Cattleya Schréderee David- 
son’s variety, a large flower of delicate 
colouring. 

J. S. Moss, Esq. Bishop’s Waltham, 
exhibited Odontioda Bradshawie ardens, a 
very good variety, with a spike of 21 flowers. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited Lissochilus speciosus, with bright 
yellow flowers, and Odontioda Bradshawie 
marginata. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
showed a good specimen of Odontioda 
Charlesworthii and O. Cooksonie Ralli’s 
variety. 

de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks, showed Odontoglossum Dirce (harveng- 
tense x ardentissimum), a handsome flower 
with large blotches on a white ground. 

C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks, 
exhibited Odontioda Royal Gem, of excellent 
shape, and O. Valeria Glebe variety, with 
dark blotches and rose tips. 

F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, 
Oxford, showed Odontoglossum Ossulstonii 
Shrubbery variety, carrying a seed pot and a 
spike of 32 large flowers. 

AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Brasso-Cattleya heatonensis “Canary” (B. 

Digbyana x C. Hardyana), from Lieut.-Col. 


Liab TORCH UD 


WORLD. 189 


Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt 
(gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander)—One of the most 
beautiful of the yellow section. Flowers 
large, canary-yellow, with a faint lilac shade. 
The lip prettily fringed. The plant had six 
flowers. 

Cypripedium Roundhead (nitens x Earl of 
Tankerville), from Lieut-Col. Sir George 
Holford.—A fine hybrid, dorsal having white 
upper part, with dark chocolate spotting on 
the lower portion. The petals extremely 
broad and shaped as in villosum. 

Lelo-Cattleya Southfield 
variety (L. purpurata x C. Dowiana), from W. 
Waters Butler, Esq., Southfield, Birmingham. 
—One of the finest forms of this well-known 
hybrid, the lip being particularly dark. 

Cymbidium Humblotii, from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co., Haywards Heath-—A 
very interesting species from Madagascar. 
The large branching spike carried no less 
than 130 flowers, which are about 2 inches 
across, pale green with black markings on the 
lip. 


Domuiniana 


Odontoglossum eximium Warnham Court 
variety (ardentissimum x crispum Luciani), 
from C. J. Lucas, Esq. Warnham Court, 
Horsham.—F lowers extremely round, very 
heavily blotched with reddish-purple. In 
every way a fine hybrid. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontioda Cooksoniz Ralli's variety (O. 
ardentissimum x C. Neezliana), from Pantia 
Ralh, Esq., Ashtead Park (gr. Mr. S. Farnes). 
~-A good variety carrying a spike of 18 bright 
red flowers, the distinguishing feature being 
the white apex to the lip. 

Odontioda Keighleyensis ignifera (O. cirr- 
hosum x C. Noezliana), from Messrs. J. and A. 
McBean, Cooksbridge—-A great improve- 
ment on former varieties. Colour brilliant 
scarlet. 

Cattleya intertexta “Julietta” (Mossi 
alba x Warneri alba), from Mons. Firmin 
Lambeau, Brussels.—A very pleasing flower, 
pure white, the centre of the lip and throat 
chrome-yellow. 

CULTURAL COMMENDATION 

To Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., for a 

grand specimen of Cymbidium Humbloti, 


190 THE SORCHIDE WO Kt»: 


April 15th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), Mr. J. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Sir Harry J. Veitch, Messrs. Gurney 
Wilson, J. Wilson Potter, W. Thompson, F. 
Sander, F. > ianbury, W. ‘Cobb, 2M. 
Ogilvie, A. McBean, T. Armstrong, J. 
Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, J. E. Shill, 
ED G. Alexander, Wi. 923 Bound ay sDye 
WoL White Cs |: Lucas, St We Flory, We: 
Bolton, C. Cookson, J. S. Moss, and de Barri 
Crawshay. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a good group containing Phalanopsis 
Aphrodite, Cattleya Tityus, Miltonioda Ajax, 
Epi-Lelia macrocinnabarina, Odontioda and 
Odontoglossum hybrids. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting exhibit in which were distinct varieties 
of Cattleya Schrédere, Lzlio-Cattleya 
Trimyra with canary-yellow flowers, many 
Odontoglossum hybrids, and the new 
Maxillaria Fletcheriana. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford, received a 
Silver Flora Medal for an attractive group, 
the plants of special merit being Cattleya 
Robert de Wavrin, C. Schrédere, Brassavola, 
and Odontoglossum hybrids, and the elegant 
Miltonia  vexillaria “Empress Augusta 
Victoria.” 

Mr. Sidney Flory, Amyand Park Road, 
Twickenham, was awarded a Silver Flora 
Medal for an extensive group, containing 
Chysis_ bractescens, Cattleya intermedia 
alba, the rare Coelogyne Micholitzii, and 
Cymbidium eburneum. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
attractive exhibit of Trichopilia Backhousiana, 
a very pleasing flower, pure white, and 
deliciously fragrant. Cymbidium  eburneo- 
Lowianum, and various Miltonias were also 
shown. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. G. E. Day), secured a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a good exhibit of Cattleya 
intermedia nivea, Odontioda Devossiana, the 


[May, 1913. 


brightly coloured Masdevallia ignea, and 
Odontoglossum crispum President Fallieres. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, was awarded 
a Bronze Banksian Medal for a group of 
Lycaste Skinneri, containing several distinct 
varieties. Cattleyas and Odontoglossums 
were also shown. 

Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), 
exhibited Odontioda Bradshawize Holford’s 
variety, a very large and richly coloured form ; 
and Cattleya Schréderee The Baron, a well- 
known variety. 

Sic Hrevor Lawrence, Barta a eGye@e 
Burford, showed  Brasso-Leelio-Cattleya 
Triune, an elegant flower of good shape. 

Wiliam Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, 
Stone, exhibited Odontoglossum crispum J. 
Howes, a richly blotched form; O. Ilene and 
O. Princess Mary, elegant flowers of 
unknown parentage ; and Odontioda William 
Thompson, a handsome variety. 

F.. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrabbery 
Oxford, exhibited Miltonia Bleuana rosea 
gigantea, a magnificent form; and 
Odontoglossum Lambeauianum, with a 
many-flowered spike. 

W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, 
showed Odontioda Evadne, a large flower, 
beautifully coloured, having a red blotch in the 
centre of the segments; and O. Bradshawize 
Hestia, a distinct variety, reddish colour, the 
margin tinged with llac, and a red blotch in 
front of the crest. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South 
Woodford exhibited Cattleya Robert de 
Wavrin “ Fowler’s variety,” a large flower, of 
excellent colour. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq. Ashtead Park, Surrey 
(gr. Mr. Farnes), showed Lelio-Cattleya 
Dominiana Ralli’s variety, a very good form, 
of excellent colour. 

Walter Cobb, Esq., Normanhurst, Rusper, 
sent Odontioda Bradshawiz Cobb’s variety, a 
pleasing form. 

Alwyn Harrison, Esq., Oneglia, Italy, 
showed Dendrobium  crassinode, — with 
numerous flowers; and D. nobile Harrison’s 
variety, a very large flower of excellent colour. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 


May, i913. | 


Sussex, exhibited Miltonia vexillaria G. D. 
Owen, Lzelio-Cattleya Helius, of yellow 
colour, and L.-C. Trimyra. 

G. Evans, Esq., Shenstone, Crayford, Kent 
(gr. Mr. Povey), showed Brasso-Cattleya 
Digbyano-Mendelii, with numerous flowers. 


AWARDS. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Brassocattlelia King Emperor (L.-C. 
callistoglossa x B-C. Digbyano-Mossiz), 
from W. R. Lee, Esq. Plumpton Hall, 
Heywood.—A magnificent flower measuring 
8 inches across the petals and 9g inches across 
the sepals. Colour purple-mauve, the lip 
hghter at the margin and fringed. 

Odontoglossum Pescatore1 Lady Holford, 


from Lieut-Col. Sir George Holford, 
heeey.C),.. Westonbirt . (er. Mr: <-He. .G. 


Alexander)—One of the finest forms of the 
species. Flowers over 3% inches across, 
white, with slight rose tint on the sepals. 

Lelio-Cattleya luminosa Holford’s variety 
(L. tenebrosa Walton Grange x C. Dowiana 
aurea), from Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, 
K.C.V.0.—Sepals and petals rich canary- 
yellow. Lip ruby-purple with darker veining. 
A very distinct and beautiful hybrid. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Maxillaria Fletcheriana, from Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, St. Albans—-A very 
attractive new species from Peru. In some 
respects the habit of growth and flower 
resembles M. grandiflora. The erect fleshy 
flower 1s creamy-white, veined with rose-red. 
The lip yellowish with purple markings. 

Odontoglossum Mrs. Thompson (parentage 
unknown), from Wiliam Thompson, Esq., 
Walton Grange, Stone-—A very beautiful 
hybrid, the fringed segments heavily blotched 
with purple. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. Balmforth, Orchid grower to F. M. 
Ogilvie, Esq. for a good plant of an 
Odontoglossum Edwardii hybrid carrying a 
spike of 130 purple blotched flowers. 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. igi 


April 29th, 1913. 

Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
were awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a 
good group. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, secured 
a Silver Banksian Medal for an attractive 
exhibit. 

Mr. Jensen, Haywards Heath, received a 
Silver Banksian Medal for some elegant 
Orchids. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, Sussex, was 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
group. 

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., exhibited two 
good varieties of Brassocattlelia Triune. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq. (gr. Mr. Farnes), showed 
Odontioda Vuylstekez, a rose-red flower of 
excellent quality; Od. Aireworth, of rich 
colour; and Od. Doris, a dark variety. 

Lieut-Col. Sir George Holford (gr. Mr. 
H. G. Alexander), exhibited Cattleya Prince 
Olaf, with a spike of six large flowers; C. 
Enid, also carrying a spike of six flowers; 
and C. Schrodera Luna, a beautiful variety 
with an orange throat. 

George Bird, Esq., Manor House, West 
Wickham, showed Odontioda Kitty, a pretty 
hybrid with bright crimson-red flowers. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Putney (gr. Mr. Day), 
showed Cattleya Mendeli “ Blanche,” a light 
form in the way of Quorndon House var. ; 
Od. illustre Radium; and Od. Wilckeanum, 
a very fine form. 

Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons showed Brasso- 
cattleha Gerald (B.-C. Digbyano-purpurata x 
L.-C. bletchleyensis). 

W. S. Page, Esq., Hutton, Brentwood, 
exhibited three specimen Cattleya Mossie, 
with an abundance of flower. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, staged Leelio- 
Cattleya Fred. Boyle and Cattleya Mendelii 
Dreadnought, a dark form. 

AWARD OF MERIT. 

Odontoglossum amabile “Zeus,” from 
Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford. A beautiful 
variety with white flowers marked on the 
centre of the segments with purple-red. 

Cultural Commendation to Mr. W. H. 
White, for a good example of Epidendrum 
ieucochilum. 


192 THE ORCHID WORLD [May, tgt3 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 


March 20th, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rey. J. 
Crombleholme (Gn the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, Dr. Hartley, F. A. Hindley, A. J. 
Keeling, D. McLeod, C. Parker, H. Thorp, 
Z. A. Ward, A. Warburton, and H. Arthur 
(secretary). 

A Gold Medal was awarded to Z. A. Ward, 
Esq., Northenden, for an excellent group. A 
Large Silver Medal was granted to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn. 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and a Silver 
Medal to F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford. 

A Bronze Medal was awarded to Rev. 
J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors, and a 
Special Vote of Thanks to O. O. Wrigley, Esq. 

Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, and Mr. 
J. Birchenall, Alderley Edge, also exhibited. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontioda daltonensis (Od. Phoebe x C. 
Noezliana). | Good flower, 3 inches across, 
even colour, from J. H. Craven, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Rossii “ Ward’s var.,” large 
well-set flower, 3+ inches across, rosy form, 
from Z. A. Ward, Esq. 

Oncidioda Cooksoniz “ Ashland’s  var.,” 
(On. macranthum x C. Noezliana), flowers of 
the macranthum shape, bronzy-scarlet in 
colour, from R. Ashworth, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum tripudians “ Ward’s var.,” 
crispum Snowball, and Maiultonia vexillaria 
“ Cringlewood var.,” all from Z. A. Ward, Esq. 

Odontoglossum triumphans “ Hesperidas,” 
Cattleya Triane “ Ida,’ and Od. illustrissimum, 
from R. Ashworth, Esq. 

April 3rd, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Messrs. 
Z. A. Ward (an the chair), J. Cypher, J. Evans, 
A: Hanmer; A. J: Keeling, V7 eupten, i: 
McLeod, W. Morgan, C. Parker, Wm. 
Thompson, H. Thorp, A. Warburton, and H. 
Arthur (secretary). 


A Gold Medal was awarded to Z. A. Ward, 
Esq., Northenden, for an excellent group. 

Silver-gilt medals were granted to A. 
Warburton, Esq. Haslingden; Samuel 
Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range, who also 
obtained a Silver Medal for Odontoglossum 
crispum Samuel Gratrix; Wm. Thompson, 
Esq., Walton Grange ; and Col. J. Rutherford, 
M.P., Blackburn. 

A large Silver Medal was awarded to 
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and Silver 
Medals to W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood, and 
Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham. 

Bronze Medals were granted to Rev. J. 
Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors, and Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 

H. Arthur, Esq. Blackburn; Mr. W. 
Shackleton, Great Horton; and Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells, also 
exhibited. 

AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Odontoglossum eximium Ilene and Od. 
Princess Mary, of almost solid colour, from 
Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Brasso-Cattleya Cliftoni1 magnifica, magni- 
ficent flower of perfect shape, from W. R. 
Lee, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Harlequin West Point 
variety, flower brilliantly marked, from 
Samuel Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum amabile Fairlight, flower 
very large, fully 4 inches across, from Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Cattleya Gratrixe, Lycaste Fairy Foot- 
steps, B.C. Md. Chas Maron West Point 
variety, and Odontoglossum Royal Purple, all 
from S. Gratrix, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Walton Gem, Od. eximium 
Violetta, Od. eximium Wm. Stevens, Od. 
amabile His Majesty, and Od. amabile 
Dorothy, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya Lady Blanche and 
Odontoglossum Yellow Prince, both from J. 
Rutherford, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Purple Queen, from Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Thompsonianum Vine 
House variety, from A. Warburton, Esq. 


JUNE, 1913. 
—_—:=<a(sfstsisle[=[=)(: (> = ———— 
NOTES . 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.—The 
Society's Summer Show will be held at 
Holland House, Kensington, July rst, 2nd 
and 3rd. The Orchid Committee will 
assemble at 10.30 am. The Exhibition will 
be open to Fellows at 12 noon, and to the 
public at 2 p.m. 


THEFT OF POLLEN.—Valuable pollen still 
attracts the hands of evildoers. The 
promising Miltonia seedling between vexillatia 
G. D. Owen and vexillaria chelseaensis, 
exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth at the 
recent Ghent Show, was the subject of 
attack. On the second day of the Exhibition 
it was discovered that someone, by means ot 
a knife, had removed the flower spike from 
this plant, and thereby secured the pollen. 


vy Ly yy 
< SY Ra 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY.—At the 
Annual Meeting, May ist, 1913, Mr. R. 
Ashworth was appointed President and 
Treasurer of the Society, with the Rev. J. 
Crombleholme, Chairman, Mr. Z. A. Ward, 
Vice-Chairman, Mr. H. Thorp, Hon. Auditor, 
and Mr. H. Arthur, Secretary. A Committee 
was appointed, and the Prizes were presented 
to the successful exhibitors as follows :—S. 
Gratrix’s Cup, E. H. Davidson’s Cup, and the 
Cypher Gold Medal to Mr. Z. A. Ward; 
Z. A. Ward’s Gold Medal to Col. J. Ruther- 
ford, M.P.; O. O. Wrigley’s Gold Medal to 
Mr. A. Warburton; Sander Prizes to Mr. 

VOL. III. 


Lupton (gr. to Col. Rutherford), Mr. Marshall 
gr. to Rey. J. Crombleholme), equal Firsts ; 
and Mr. Weatherby (gr. to Mr. Z. A. Ward), 
Third; the Societys Gold Medal (for 
amateurs without gardener) to Mr. H. Arthur, 
and Silver-gilt Medal to Mr. F. A. Hindley ; 
a Gold Medal and Prize to gardener (given 
by a member of the Society) was presented 
to Mr. R. Ashworth for meritorious exhibits 
during the session. 

ODONTIODA VUYLSTEKE.Z FLORIBUNDA. 
—At the Ghent Show, April last, Messrs. Th. 
Pauwels and Co. exhibited Odontioda 
Vuyistekez floribunda carrying a pyramidical 
branching spike of no less than 232 flowers. 
Although some experts thought the plant 
may have arisen from a second crossing of 
Vuyistekeze with Pescatorei, and _ thus 
increased the number of blooms, we doubt 
if such a large number on one spike has been 
previously recorded. Specimens such as 
these have a truly beautiful and decorative 
effect. 

GirFT OF ORCHIDS.—The residence and 
conservatories of Mrs. Geo. A. Joslyn, Daven- 
port St. Omaha, Neb., U.S.A. were badly 
damaged by the tornado, and many of the 
plants suffered from exposure to the cold 
weather. As the greenhouses will probably 
not be rebuilt, Mrs. Joslyn has offered her 
valuable collection of Orchids to the City 

24 


194 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Park of Omaha, together with the 
sum of £200 for their care. The city 
commission has been asked to con- 
tribute £600 for the erection of 
suitable houses in which to cultivate 
the plants. 


Wee 


¥ 
uy 


L#LIA CHAMONICENSIS. — An 
easily grown plant, and therefore one 
suitable for amateurs, is Lelia 
chamonicensis (purpurata x Jong- 
heana), the free growing nature of 
both parents giving the resulting 
hybrid much vigour. Mr. Eustace 
Clark, of Evershot, Dorset, has 
recently flowered two distinct varie- 
ties, one having the lip rich crimson- 
purple and the other mauve-pink. 
Both forms measure about seven 
inches across the petals and are very 
useful additions to the amateur’s collection. 


vy oY 


4 


274 
tes 
Ve 


if 


CYPRIPEDIUMS AT ST. Louis, U.S.A— 
One of the oldest and most extensive 
collections of Cypripediums in the United 
States is that of Mr. D. S. Brown, Brown 
Hurst, Kirkwood, St. Louis. Our illustration 
shows this amateur collector in one of his 
numerous Orchid houses, which are filled with 
Cattleyas, Lelio-Cattleyas, Vanda cceruleas, 
Lelia anceps, and Cymbidiums. As _pre- 
viously mentioned the Cypripediums are the 
chief attraction, and at the time of taking 
the photograph the following species and 
hybrids, many of which have been raised at 
Brown Hurst, were in flower:—Maudize, 
Leeanum Clinkaberryanum, — Fairrieanum, 
Niobe, Dido, kingleyense, Mad. Opoix, 
Arthurianum, Sallieri magnificum, nitens 
G. S. Bail’s var., Euryades splendens and 
Charlesworth’s var., Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, 
aureums  virginale, Olymphia, Surprise, 
Hyeanum, album, and (édipe, and _ the 
foliowing varieties of insigne :—Sandere, 
Sanderianum, Laura Kimball, Mrs. G. B. 
Wilson, Luciani, Ernestii, Chantini Lindeni, 
Mrs. D. S. Brown, Harefield Hall, and 


Bonhofianum. In addition to a_ yellow 


[June, 1913. 


D. S. Brown, Esq., in one of his Orchid Houses. 


variety of bellatulum, there were several 
varieties of Actzeus and other unnamed 
seedlings. 


IMPORTED SEED Pops.—During my travels 
in search of Orchids at the foot of the Hima- 
layas in such districts as the Doors and the 
Terrai, and also in Assam and Sikkim, the 
habitat of all our tropical Orchids, I have 
observed the remarkable development of 
seed-pods on the various species of Orchids, 
and it struck me at the time that these could 
be collected and exported to England in 
hermetically sealed tins, or bottles, without the 
risk that invariably accompanies the plant 
itself. The fact that the majority of Orchids 
imported into England from India arrive in 
bad condition, due either to atmospheric con- 
ditions whilst travelling, or inefficient packing, 
and in some cases are totally destroyed, must 
naturally be a big loss to importers, whereas 
the importation of seed-pods, packed in the 
manner noted above, would, no doubt, be 
more appreciated by the importers who make 
it a practice of raising Orchids from seed. 
On the other hand, the cost of the seed-pods 
and freight (conveyance by parcel post) would 
be comparatively small. As an experimental 
measure I intend during my next travels to 


June, 1913.| LHe ORCHID WORLD, 195 


collect a quantity of various species and send 
them to England in sealed bottles and 
labelled according to the plant from which I 
take them. It is possible that in the jungle, 
where such a number of varieties of different 
species grow together in a small area, and 
bloom more or less at the same time, a certain 
amount of natural hybridisation takes place, 
with the result that a few hybrids may be 
forthcoming under proper cultivation. Should 
any readers of the ORCHID WORLD wish to 
put themselves in communication with me in 
regard to the importation of seed-pods, I shall 
be only too pleased to meet their wants in this 
line whilst travelling on my own business.— 
Chas. Power, Orchid Villa, Barrackpore, 
Calcutta. 


OME, ee 
yy 6 6Sy OY 


DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM—This_ well- 
known Orchid, named after Dr. Ward, of 
Southampton, was originally introduced from 
Assam, but during later years a_ stouter 
Burmese form has been received under the 
name D. Wardianum Lowii. The variety 
candidum was applied by Reichenbach to a 
form which appeared in Mr. E. G. Wrigley’s 
collection, in the year 1876. In this variety 
the violet-purple had disappeared from the 
tips of the segments leaving a white flower, 
although the two eye-like brown spots on the 
lip still remained. The variety album first 
made its appearance in Mr. W. R. Lee’s 
collection in 1891. In this flower the 
albinism has been carried to a further extent 
by the elimination of the brown spots, leaving 
a pure white flower with the usual yellow 
colour on the centre of the lip. A very fine 
example of this latter rarity has been kindly 
sent by Mr. Robert Brown, of Craighead, 


Bothwell, N.B. 


ANGRACUM SESQUIPEDALE.—The adjoin- 
ing illustration is of a specimen plant in the 
Byram collection, Ferrybridge, Yorks. This 
season it carried five spikes of flowers; two 
with four each, two with three each, and one 
with two, making a total of sixteen blooms. 
The plant is in perfect health, but rather 
leggy. Mr. George Taylor, the successful 

VOL. III. 


cultivator of the specimen, generally washes 
out all the potting material each year as soon 
as root action commences after the resting 
season. A fresh compost of osmunda fibre, 
sphagnum moss, with a liberal quantity of 
charcoal and rough crocks, is then used. The 
roots are so stiff and stubborn that much 
difficulty is experienced in lowering the plant 
to a greater depth in the pot. 


Angrecum sesquipedale. 


SOBRALIA MACRANTHA ALBA.—A very fine 
specimen of this rarity was exhibited by 
Mr. J. Gurney Fowler at the Chelsea Show, 
and deservedly received a Cultural Commen- 
dation. The plant carried no less than 75 
flowers and buds, and allowing for those 
produced previous to the exhibition the total 
number must have been over one hundred, 
truly a fine cultural achievement. Although 


25 


196 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


shown under the appropriate name of alba, 
this dwarf-growing white variety has also 
carried the name S. macrantha Kienastiana, 
in honour of Herr Kienast Zolly, of Zurich, 
who first received it from his collector. It 
was described by Reichenbach, in the year 
1888, and was exhibited by Baron Schroder 
at the Royal Horticultural Society, June, 1891, 
when a First-class Certificate was awarded. 


Dendrobium Dalhousieanum. 


[June, 1913. 


DENDROBIUM DALHOUSIEANUM. — The 
illustration on this page shows a noble 
specimen of this Indian Dendrobium, which 
has been grown by Mr. C. J. Salter, Orchid 
grower to the Right Hon. Lord Lawrence, 
Chetwode Manor, Buckingham. The tallest 
bulbs are 6 feet 7 inches in height. 


OPHRYS APIFERA. 
lige pretty little British Orchid will 


soon appear in various parts of 
England, and by its gay flowers 
enliven many an open meadow. The 
remarkable resemblance which part of the 
flower has to a bee gives one the impression 
that this msect is resting on the centre of 
the bloom. This curious mimicry caused 
Langhorne to write the following lines :— 
‘“ Perhaps, his fragrant load may bind 
His limbs; we’ll set the captive free ; 


I sought the living bee to find, 
And found the picture of a bee.’’ 


This singular flower is made the emblem 
of industry, from its resemblance to the insect 
that has ever been held the symbol of this 
virtuous habit. 

‘“So works the honey bees, 

Creatures that by a ruling nature taught 


The art of order to a peopled kingdom.’ 
—Shakespeare. 


It was Robert Brown who first observed 
that the structure of the Bee Ophrys is 
adapted for self-fertilisation. The remarkable 
flexibility of the caudicles allows the pollen 
masses to fall to the exact level of the stig- 
matic surface and are there made to vibrate 
by the slightest breath of wind until the 
stigma is struck. 

At the meeting of the Linnean Society, 
held April 17th, 1913, Mr. Edmund G. Baker 
gave an account of some varieties of the Bee 
Orchis, Ophrys apifera. He stated that in 
the typical form the labellum is broad convex, 
with a terminal, reflexed appendage, brown- 
purple, disc spotted with orange-yellow. In 
1840, Hegetschweiler, in Die Flora der 
Schweiz, described and figured Ophrys 
Trollu, a plant with the middle lobe of 
the labellum narrow lanceolate, elongated, 


June, 1913.] iii  ONCEID SVWViOiRIE ID: 197 


purplish-red in the centre, gold at the edge. 
The three outer perianth lobes lanceolate 
pointed. The plant came from Winterthur. 

In this country, further remarked Mr. Baker, 
there appears to be a series of intermediate 
forms connecting the typical form with O. 
Trolli, some being more nearly allied to the 
former, some to the latter. The plant from 
Reigate, which has been called Trollu, closely 
approximates to a figure in Reichenbach’s 
Icones, Vol. XIV., t. 457, Fig. IL, but it is not 
very like the plant of Hegetschweiler. The 
plant, on the other hand, figured by Mr. White 
in the Bristol Flora, more closely approxi- 
mates to the true Trollu. There is an 
interesting note in the Phytologist, ns. Vol. 
V., p. 175, on some additions to an interleaved 
copy of Blackstone’s Harefield Plants, 
formerly belonging to Peter Collinson, stating 
that three roots of the Wasp Orchis were 
found at Clifton in 1787, the lip being very 
narrow, yellow streaked with dark purple. 
There are also plants from Oxford and Lewes 
which are intermediate between the Reigate 
plant and that from Bristol. 


CATASETUM DARWINIANUM. 


contains a_ plate of Catasetum 
Darwinianum, bearing male and 
female flowers on the same inflorescence. 
The plant flowered last autumn in the Kew 
collection, with a second plant which bore 
only male flowers. Both specimens are 
divisions of a single plant which in 1888 
produced both sexes on separate inflorescences, 
one of about 16 male flowers on one side of 
the pseudo-bulb, and one of three females on 
the other side. In the present case the plate 
shows a spike on which the three upper 
flowers are males, the next female, and the 
lower one in a transition state, the lip being 
most like the female in shape, but the sepals 
and petals most like the males, while the 
pollinia are almost normally developed. 
In connection with these particulars, Mr. 
R. A. Rolfe gives in the same publication 


A RECENT issue of the Kew Bulletin 


197 


some interesting details regarding the con- 
fusion which arose from a misunderstanding 
of these various forms when little was known 
concerning the genus. The plants bearing 
female flowers were originally referred by 
Lindley to a distinct genus which he called 
Monachanthus, while the males were referred 
by him to Myanthus. 

Subsequently, in 1862, Darwin showed that 
Catasetum tridentatum produced three 
different kinds of flowers, which represented 
male, female and hermaphrodite states of 
the same species. At a later period, Mr. 
R. A. Rolfe was enabled to clear the matter 
up in a paper entitled “On the Sexual Forms 
of Catasetum, with special reference to the 
researches of Darwin and others.” And an 
examination of all the materials available led 
to the establishment of four distinct sections 
of the genus, as follows :— 

E,UCATASETUM.—Lip superior in both 
sexes, generally more or less galeate in the 
male, always so (as far as known) in the 
female. Rostellum in the male prolonged 
below into a pair of slender cirrhi, called the 
antenne. 

MYANTHUS.—Lip inferior in the male, not 
galeate, more or less expanded, sometimes 
fringed ; superior and galeate in the female. 
Rostellum in the male prolonged below into 
a pair of slender cirrhi. 

ECIRRHOS.-—Lip inferior in the male, as 
in Myanthus, but more or less saccate. Ros- 
tellum not prolonged into cirrhi. 
unknown. 

PSEUDOCATASETUM.—Lip deeply saccate 
in the male, superior or inferior. Rostellum 
not prolonged into cirrhi. Female, where 
known, much larger than the male, with 
galeate lip. 


Female 


Catasetum Darwinianum was named in 
compliment to the great naturalist, but was 
not one of those investigated by him. — Mr. 
Rolfe further remarks that the females of 
some 20 species are now known, respecting 
perhaps a third of the genus, so that there 
is plenty of scope for those who may be able 
to observe the plants in their native wilds, or 
who cultivate them at home. 


198 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


THE: PRNSIOEOGY 
Te experiment of placing more than 


one kind of pollen on the stigma of 

an Orchid is not entirely a new one, it 
has been done on several occasions, but usually 
with disappointing results when the seedlings 
flowered. More recent experiments, however, 
have shown that some advantage may possibly 
accrue from the method, and this brief article 
is intended to record a few facts and to open 
up the subject for further work by considering 
some of the problems as fully as present 
circumstances will allow. 

In the first place, it is necessary to obtain a 
clear comprehension of the essential organs of 
fertilisation, so far as they relate to the 
practical side of the question, and in terms 
which may be understood by those who are 
not skilled botanists. 

The pollen masses consist of many 
thousands of separate grains, and although 
extremely minute, each one is a thoroughly 
complete male organ capable of fertilising one 
of the ovules, or immature seeds, situated in the 
ovary, or seed-pod. The ovary contains many 
thousands of ovules, each one of which must, 
in the ordinary sequence of events, be fertilised 
by a pollen grain before it can become fertile 
or capable of germinating. 

Now from the writer's experience the 
general belief with Orchid growers is that by 
some mysterious process the act of placing the 
pollen on the stigma causes the seed pod to 
grow and, after a period of about twelve 
months, to be full of ripe seed. Hybridists 
must fully realise the fact that these pollen 
grains grow, and actually pass down the style, 
or column, and come in contact with the ovules. 
And, also, that each single grain of pollen is 
usually capable of fertilising one ovule, and 
not more. Thus we must imagine many 
thousands of separate pollen grains, or males, 
growing down the column with the express 
purpose of fertilising about as many thousands 
of ovules, or females. 

In the majority of flowers, other than 
Orchids, the pollen grains are in the form of 
fine dust, easily blown about by the wind, and 


[June, 1913. 


OF FERTILISATION, 


thus brought in contact with the stigmas of 
other flowers, fertilisation being duly effected. 
The removal of the pollen from one Orchid 
flower to another is carried out by the aid of 
insects who, while searching for nectar and 
food in the flower, unconsciously remove the 
pollen masses, and these becoming affixed to 
their body are thus carried to the next flower 
visited. Therefore, it 1s easily seen why the 
pollen grains must be so sticky and connected, 
or packed up as it were ready for the insect 
to carry away. 

Another important point to realise is that 
cutting the pollen masses in pieces with a knife 
in no way interferes with their power, the 
operation merely lessens the number of grains 
in each portion, just in the same way that 
cutting a sack of wheat in half would lessen 
the number of grains in both halves, but no 
one would suggest that each separate grain is 
rendered worthless by so doing. 

In the plant’s natural country we are not 
concerned so much with hybrids, but with 
species, and although it is not known for 
certain whether in any particular species the 
number of ovules is equalled by a similar 
number of pollen grains, we do know that the 
masses of pollen are suitable and readily 
accepted by the stigma of the flower. But in 
the making of a hybrid it is sometimes found 
that the pollen masses are rejected. The side 
wing's of the column close over the stigma and, 
instead of safely enclosing the precious 
substance, they, by some means or other, find 
their way beneath the pollen masses and 
practically remove them from the flower. 
From this action it is reasonable to assume 
that the number or size of the pollen grains 
may be unsuitable to the female organ, and 
proof of this theory lies in the fact that success 
has been achieved whenever a portion only of 
the pollen mass has been used. 

It is quite possible for several different 
hybrids to be produced from the same seed 
pod. In fact, there is no reason, theoretically, 
why as many different hybrids should not be 
produced as there are various kinds of pollen 


June, 1913.| THE 


placed upon the stigma. The reason why the 
few attempts so far made in this direction 
have more often than not ended in failure must 
now be considered. 

Cattleya labiata when crossed with Cattleya 
Hardyana (gigas x aurea) produces seedlings 
inheriting the characters of all three species, 
because each single pollen grain from the 
Hardyana contains in a fused state the 
characters of both gigas and aurea. But if 
C. labiata is fertilised with two pollen masses, 
one of which comes from gigas and the other 
from aurea, the resulting seedlings are either 
C. amabilis (labiatax gigas) or C. Fabia 
(labiata x aurea), just in the same way as 
though two distinct flowers of labiata had been 
pollinated each with only one kind of pollen. 
There is no possibility of obtaining a hybrid 
similar to labiata x Hardyana, for the simple 
reason that only one pollen grain, either from 
the gigas or aurea, 1s able to fertilise an ovule 
of the labiata. 

In using two or more diverse pollen masses 
there are certain factors necessary to ensure 
success, and, unfortunately, these are not 
entirely under our control. In the first place, 
it is not advisable to put the whole of both 
pollen masses on to the stigma, for, as 
previously mentioned, the unusual size of the 
mass may cause the whole to be rejected. 
The safest way is to use only sufficient 
portions of each that will make the whole of 
normal size. Thus if two species are used as 
pollen parents, only one-half of each pollen 
mass should be used; and, if four male 
parents, then one quarter of each will prove 
sufficient. 

Secondly, the growth of the pollen grains 
through the column and amongst the ovules is 
a factor of which we have no control. It 
appears impossible for the short growing 
pollen grains of Sophronitis grandiflora to 
grow down the whole length of the long style 
possessed by Brassavola Digbyana; they 
grow to a certain length, but never sufficiently 
far to reach the ovules and effect fertilisation. 
Therefore, in the use of mixed pollen, the 
inability of one kind to reach the ovules might 
be a cause of the failure to produce our desired 

VOL. II. 


ORCHID WORLD. 199 


result of obtaining two different hybrids from 
the same seed pod. It will be readily seen 
that the only pollen to take effect would be the 
one capable of growing sufficiently in length 
to reach the ovules. 

Thirdly, the rate at which the pollen grains 
grow down the column into the ovary needs 
consideration, for it is fairly certain that all 
pollen grains are not equally rapid in their 
growth. It is known that the number of 
separate ovules and pollen grains can only be 
reckoned in tens or hundreds of thousands, 
but for simplicity let us assume that the 
number of ovules is only ten. If now an 
equal number of pollen grains be used there 
will be one to fertilise each ovule ; but suppose 
two kinds of pollen masses, each consisting of 
ten grains, are placed on the stigma, then it 
is quite possible that one kind may be of much 
quicker growth than the other, and these by 
arriving first in the ovary will fertilise all the 
ovules before the second or slower-growing 
kind arrives. It is at once obvious that the 
latter can have no influence whatever. But if 
only five pollen grains from each are placed on 
the stigma there is every possibility that each 
one will in due course meet with an unfertilised 
ovule. Thus we see the need of using a 
portion only of each pollen mass. 

Fourthly, the passage of the pollen down 
the style and into the ovary must also be 
considered. Each pollen grain grows down 
the central loose tissue of the style in the form 
of an elongated cell, generally known as the 
pollen tube. This process is brought about by 
the action of enzymes, or dissolving material, 
contained in the tube, which enables it to bore 
its way down the style and eventually reach an 
ovule. A second object of these enzymes is 
to abstract nutritive substance from the 
surrounding material in order to nourish the 
growing pollen tube. It will, therefore, be 
seen how much really depends on the effec- 
tiveness of the enzymes, for if they are unable 
to perform their function it is impossible for 
the pollen grains to reach the ovules. 

It is extremely difficult, one might almost 
say impossible, to hybridise Odontoglossum 


crispum with the pollen of Odontoglossum 
26 


200 THE ‘ORCHID 


ledwardu, the pollinated flowers only last a 
few days and then fall off. It seems 
reasonable to assume that the pollen of this 
latter species is unable to produce an enzyme 
suitable to the style of the Odontoglossum, 
and on that account the pollen tubes make no 
headway. 

Some recent experiments, however, seem to 
show that this failure to set a seed pod may 
be overcome by placing other pollen, such that 
is known to be effective, on the style in 
addition to that from Edwardii. An instance 
has occurred where some pollen of crispo- 
Harryanum and Edwardiu were both placed 
on the stigma of Odontoglossum crispum, with 
the result that a seed pod containing fertile 
seed was formed, and which, in due course, 
produced numerous plants, the majority 
showing the distinct habit of growth possessed 
by Edwardu. 

When the seed first showed signs of 
germination the natural thought was that the 
pollen of crispo-Harryanum had done all the 
fertilising, but as the seedlings grew and 
the evidence of the Edwardiu became apparent 
it appeared fairly certain that a hybrid had at 
last been obtained by crossing crispum with 
Edwardii. 

The only possible means by which this 
strange event has taken place seems to be that 
the pollen tubes of the crispo-Harryanum 
contained, as they usually do, the necessary 
and suitable enzyme to permit them passing 
through the style of the crispum, and that the 
nutritive material formed by them was utilised 
by the Edward pollen tubes which were then 
able to grow along the same channel until they 
reached the ovary and effected fertilisation. 
No doubt both the crispo-Harryanum and the 
Edwardi pollen tubes all reached the ovary 
at the same time, but the latter were attracted 
by the ovules more than the former. 

Another interesting case is where Odonto- 
glossum crispum was pollinated with another 
crispum, and, at the same time, with the 
pollen of Miltonia vexillaria. It is rarely that 
crispum can be hybridised with vexillaria, but 
in this instance all the seedlings show 
unmistakable signs of vexillaria. 


WORLD. [June, 1913. 


ORCHID~ SAEES: 


N Wednesday, May a2ist, Messrs. 
QO Protheroe and Morris held a sale of 


Orchids by order of Messrs. Sander 


and Sons. The following figures are of 
interest: Cymbidium erythrostylum, 4% 
gns.; (C. Alexander, 35 Sensa,— Cabulega 


Mossiz Wagneri, 22 gns.; C. Hardyana 
albens, 25 gns.; C. Mulleri, 5$-gns.; Odonto- 
elossum crispum igneum, 5 gns.; O. lucidum, 
44 gns.; ©. Bronze Prince, 8 gns.; O. crispum 
Captivation, 17 gns.; O. luminosum, 7% gns. ; 
C. Alcibiades Illustrious, 27 gns.; C. Mrs. F. 
Sander, 74 gns.; C. Dreadnought, 10 gns.; 
and Lalio-Cattleya Cora, 73 gns. Imported 
plants of Vanda Sanderiana sold well, the 
highest figure being 23 gns. for a selected 
piece. Imported Phalzenopsis amabilis, several 
on a native stick, went for 4 gns. 

On the same day, the following were 
included from the collection of Mr. R. 
Brooman-White :—Odontoglossum — crispum 
Wilson, 10 gns.; O. Wilckeanum The Kaiser, 
30 gns.; O. xantholeuca, 45 gns. Also a 
selection of plants from the collection of Mrs. 
Norman Cookson :—Odontioda Bradshawie 
Cookson's var., 18 gns.; O. ardentissimum 
Norman Cookson, 30 gns.; O. a. Peetersii, 
84 gns.; and O. crispum Fearnley Sander, 
30 gns. Duplicates from the collection of Mr. 
H. T. Pitt were as follows :—Odontoglossum 
crispum F. K. Sander, 75 ons.; O02" Uie- 
Skinneri album, 15 gns.; O. c. Lindenu, 
22 gns.; and Cattleya gigas, 10 gens. 

On Thursday, May 22nd, a sale of plants 
by order of M. Jules Hye de Crom:— 
Odontoglossum Dame Blanche, 360 gns.; O. 
crispum Pittianum, 56 gns.; Cattleya Warneri 
alba, 10 gns.; C. Trianz alba, 7 gns.; and 
Miltonia vexillaria G. D. Owen, 75 gns. From 
the collection of Mr. F. W. Wellesley :— 
Lzlio-Cattleya Morningtonie, 25 gns.; L-C. 
Mrs. W. Hopkins, 12 gns.; Cypripedium 
Waterloo, 12 gns.; and Cattleya Triane 
Purity, 10 gns. By order of Mr. E. V. Low: 
—Cattleya Trianez The Premier, 25 gns.; 
C. labiata ‘Gilmoure, 30 ig@asieeeame 
Odontoglossum crispum solum, small plant, 
65 ens 


June, 1913.] THE ORCHID 


ORCHIDS AT BARRACKPORE. 


HE above illustration shows some of 

the many plants flowering in Mr. 

Chas. Power’s collection at Barrack- 

pore. These Orchids are growing in a simple 
construction of bamboo lattice work entirely 
covered with wire netting, over which creepers 
are trained in sufficient density to provide 
adequate protection from the fierce rays of 
the sun. The floor of this structure is com- 
posed of broken bricks laid to the depth of 
about six inches over the natural soil, which 
on being flooded in the early morning imparts 
sufficient moisture to the atmosphere for the 
rest of the day; a slight overhead syringing 
of the plants after sundown being also 
beneficial. This mode of construction permits 
a free current of fresh air throughout the 
house, which is most essential to the good 


WORLD. 201 


growth of the plants, otherwise during the 
heavy raining season the atmosphere would 
soon become stagnant. 

At the time that the above photograph was 
taken the following species were more or less 
in bloom:—Dendrobium Pierardu, hanging 
in large pendant clusters in the background, 
D. lituiflorum, D. crepidatum, D. chrysotoxum, 
D. aggregatum, D. superbum, Cattleya Triane 
alba, C. Mossize, Phalaenopsis Schilleriana, P. 
amabilis, Vanda teres and V. Roxburghii. 
All of these, with the exception of the 
Vandas, are imported plants, which, with care, 
thrive at Barrackpore equally as well as in 
their native habitat, the Bengal atmosphere 
being of a similar damp and muggy nature. 
The Anthuriums to be seen on either side of 
the staging harmonise with the surroundings 
and thrive well in the same conservatory. 


i) 
ie} 
i) 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[ June, 1913. 


Miltonia vexillaria G. D. Owen, a fine specimen with 8 spikes and 33 flowers, 
in the Westonbirt Collection. 


MILTONIA HYBRIDS. 


HE present time is but the commence- 
ap ment of an important advance in the 
breeding of Miltonias, more especially 
those of the vexillaria, Roezlii, and Phale- 
nopsis section. One curious and unexpected 
result appeared when the seedlings of 
Miltonia Bleuana (vexillaria x Roezlii) first 
began to flower, for in almost every case the 
blooms on this hybrid were much larger than 
those of either parent. It is generally noticed 
that the flowers of primary hybrids are inter- 
mediate in size, but in this case the fusion 
of two somewhat similar species produced a 
hybrid giving flowers with a marked increase 
of size. This rare and unaccountable result 
came as a welcome surprise, and was one of 
the encouraging factors that led to the present 
interest in the genus. 


One of the next steps taken by the hybridist 
was to cross Roezli with Bleuana, making 
Miitonia St. André. Good results were again 
obtained, although no further increase of size 
took piace. Another success was brought 
about by crossing Bleuana with vexillaria, 
producing the hybrid known as Hyeana. In 
Bleuana Peetersie we have an elegant 
addition produced by mating two distinct 
varieties of Bleuana. Two more hybrids can 
be added to the list, viz. Sanderiana (St. 
André x Bleuana) and Jules Hye de Crom 
(Hyeana x vexillaria). A very beautiful 
variety of the latter was exhibited at the 
Chelsea International Show, 1912. 

All the above hybrids are formed by various 
crossings of vexillaria and Roezlii, and it may 
safely be stated that continued success will 
be obtained by continuing the process, taking 
care cn each occasion to use only the finest 


June, 1913.] THE. (ORCHID 


and most distinct varieties. The difficulties 
of nomenclature are with us again, for while 
it may be possible to apply a new name to 
every successive step the hybridist takes, it 
will, in the near future, be quite impossible to 
determine under which name a plant is to 
be placed, should it by any chance lose its 
label or appear as a stray seedling. The 
simplest way out of the difficulty appears to 
be to call every hybrid containing only 
vexillaria and Roezlu, no matter in what 
proportion, by the name Bleuana, and to add 
varietal words to distinguish the various 
forms. 


Now, seeing that between thirty and forty 
varieties of Miultonia vexillaria have been 
certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society 
as distinct forms, there is evidently plenty 
of material for the hybridist to work from. 
The variety of vexillaria known as G. D. 
Owen at once comes to the front as a suitable 
plant, and the more one studies this flower, 
so much the more remarkable does it appear. 
The large, dark crimson blotch on the crest 
portion of the labellum is a great attraction, 
and it is the further development of this 
feature that hybridists are working for. The 
origin of this elegant blotch of colour seems 
beyond hope of discovery. It is, however, 
quite permanent, reappearing on the flower 
of the same plant year after year with never- 
failing accuracy. Its nearest relation is 
vexillaria Leopoldu, but strange to say, this 
usually flowers in the autumn, and therefore, 
is not always available for use when other 
vexillarias are in flower. The variety of 
Bleuana known as Stevensu was produced by 
its use. 

M. vexillaria chelseaensis is another variety 
with the labellum marked with crimson-purple, 
the blotch having radiating lines which are 
extended by means of various sized spots of 
similar colour. At the recent Ghent Show a 
promising seedling between G. D. Owen and 
chelseaensis was exhibited by Messrs. Charles- 
worth, and although the well-defined blotch 
was not quite so large as that of the former 
parent, it proved that it is capable of being 
transmitted to the offspring. 

VOLE. Til 


WORLD. 20 


Ww 


A careful survey of a large number of 
flowering plants of vexillaria will show how 
very seldom any depth of colour, other than 
yellow, appears on the crest area of the 
labellum. The species is so constant in form 
and coloration that any variation may be 
taken as a rarity worth further cultivation. 
However, now and again a rich rose coloured 
form appears, and in almost all of these it is 
noticed that the crest area on the labellum 


Miltonia Phalenopsis ““ McBean’s var.” 


still remains in its typical yellowish-white 
state. It is on account of this apparent 
impossibility for the yellow area to acquire 
any other colour that the remarkable blotched 
forms of the G. D. Owen type make such a 
lasting impression of wonderment upon the 
minds of the specialist. | How, or by what 
means, this blotch was first developed will 
probably always remain an unsolved mystery. 
An homologous example is Odontoglossum 
crispum solum, figured in ORCHID WORLD, 
Vol. IL, p. 249, although in this plant the 


27 


204 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


suggestion has been put forth that the blotch 
on the crest area is due to the ancestral 
influence of Odontoglossum Lindleyanum, 
which seems very feasible. 

Miltonia Phalaenopsis has not yet received 
the attention that it apparently deserves. 
There is a wide future open to the hybridist 
who can enlarge the area of the colour 
blotching on the labellum of the vexillarias, 
and there is every good reason to believe 
that it can be accomplished by the use of 
M. Phalenopsis. The illustration which we 
give is of a very fine variety in which the 
blotching is developed to an unusual extent, 
although even in the ordinary typical forms 
there is a considerable amount of purple 
pigment displayed in various parts of the 
labellum. The special use which M. Phale- 
nopsis will be to the hybridist les in the 
extended area of its blotching. It does not 
require much imagination of the mind to 
picture what a beautiful result would be 
obtained if the characters of vexillaria G. D. 
Owen could be combined with those of 
McBean’s variety of Phalaenopsis. 

Cochlioda Neezliana must also be con- 
sidered, for its influence has already been 
seen in Miltonioda Harwoodu (M. vexillaria 
x C. Noezliana), and others. It will be many 
years before a full size scarlet Miltonia of the 
vexillaria section is produced. At present 
we have only reached the first step towards 
our desired object. M. Harwoodu has a 
poor constitution, rendering it very difficult 
to cultivate, and the flower is somewhat 
lacking in substance. But, on the principle 
of nothing venture nothing have, the hybridist 
has already commenced a further advance, 
and before long we shall see a better result 
in a seedling produced by uniting Harwood 
with vexillaria, or with another flower of the 
same section. 

It is somewhat premature to speak with 
much certainty as to the possibilities of 
uniting M:ltonias of the vexillaria section with 
Odontoglossums of the crispum kind. So 
far, we have Odontonia Ellwoodi Reezlii x 
cirrhosum), Vuylstekei (vexillaria x amabile), 
and Firmini (vexiilaria x crispum). The 


[June, 1913. 


latter cross was only made to test the practical 
point of whether this hybrid could be 
produced, and on that account it was not 
thought necessary to use anything but 
ordinary varieties. But good and promising 
as the result was, it will undoubtedly be 
greatly improved when superior varieties are 
used, such, for example, as vexillaria G. D. 
Owen and crispum Lucianii. 


THE SANDER CUP GROUP. 


HE illustration on page 205 shows the 
excellent group of Orchids exhibited 


by Mr. R. Brooman-White at the 

recent spring show of the Royal Caledonian 
Horticultural Society, and this being the third 
occasion on which the exhibitor has won the 
First Prize, the handsome 25 guinea Chal- 
lenge Cup presented by Messrs. Sander and 
Sons now becomes his property. 

The group, occupying a space 12 feet by 
6 feet, was tastefully arranged by Mr. Jas. 
Smith, who so ably cultivates the plants in the 
Arddarroch collection, and contained a most 
representative collection of spring-flowering 
Orchids, all of which were staged in a manner 
that clearly showed every plant to advantage. 

The centre was composed of good varieties 
of Cattleya Schrédera, distinct forms of 
Cymbidium insigne, Lowianum, and eburneo- 
Lowianum, while along the front row were 
various varieties of Odontoglossum Rossi 
majus, including roseum, and dark forms of 
Miltonia vexillaria. Distributed at different 
points of advantage were many fine spikes of 
Odontoglossum crispum, for which the 
Arddarroch collection is specially noted. 

Cypripediums, including albino forms, and 
blotched Odontoglossums, both species and 
hybrids, were shown in fine style, and along 
the back row good plants of Odontoglossum 
Edwardu and several hybrids derived from 
this species, together with various Epiden- 
drums, made up a very attractive exhibit. 
Mention must also be made of Angraecum 
sesquipedale, whose wax-like flowers with 
their long spur were a never failing cause of 
wonderment to the many who visited the 
exhibition. 


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206 THE ORCHID WORED; [June, 1973. 


“Sie> FIRMIN. LAMBEAU 


7 WINNEENNE 2 


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FORICOTS CE 


The Large Gold Medal and the Work of Art offered by M. Firmin Lambeau for the most varied and 
meritorious collection of Orchids at the Ghent Exhibition, 1913. Awarded to MM, Th, Pauwels & Co., 
Meirelbeke, Belgium, 


F the many collections of Orchids in 
Lancashire, one of the oldest, and 
also one of the healthiest, is that 

at Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool, the 

residence of 

Richard le Doux, 

Esq. Lovers of 

nature wi!l find 

numerous objects 
of beauty in the 
many _ green- 
houses which are 
conveniently sit- 
uated in the 
extensive and 
attractive garden 
of this residence. 
Orerids. «ot 
course, easily 
hold the premier 
position, and re- 
ceive the largest 
amount of admir- 
ation, for to them 
undoubtedly be- 


aa4ee 
~ 4 


+ abes 


longs all that 
is sublime and 
beautiful. After 


a long period ex- 
tending to some 
thirty or more 
years, spent in 
the cultivation of 
these plants, it is 
not surprising to find that Mr. le Doux has a 
wide knowledge of the subject, and his ready 
memory serves to recall many past 
experiences and details of Orchids which 
from time to time have been added to his 


WEST DERBY, 
ze BLUE RPO OL. 


—— 


saree 
, * 
: * 


Richard le Doux, Esq., and Mrs. R. le Doux. 


eee \ 
Ln 
collection. But in this he is not alone, for 


whenever the conversation turns to the topic 
of Orchids, one finds that Mrs. Richard ie 
Doux is not only a student and lover of 

nature, buta close 
of the 
hybridist’s art, 
and thus is fully 
able to appre- 
ciate the various 
metheds and re- 
sults 
this gorgeous 
family of plants 
is being rapidly 


follower 


by which 


extended. 

For decorative 
Den- 
prove 
very useful, the 
more so when the 
whole bulb with 
all the flowers 
attached is 
severed from the 
plant. At Marl- 
field, Dendro- 
bium Ainsworthii 
splendidissimum, 


purposes 
drobiums 


nobile virginale, 
Dearei, Devon- 
lanum, and 
Thwaitesie are 

favourites. These 
plants have made rapid headway, and the 
thick, healthy bulbs are just the kind to give 
an abundance of large, long-lasting flowers. 
Several good plants of Coelogyne Dayana are 


producing their interesting and necklace-like 


ho 
io) 


spikes of flower. One cannot imagine how 
artistic these pendulous spikes of flower must 
look swayed to and fro by the wind when 
growing in their native forest. 

In the Odontoglossum house may be seen 
many beautiful varieties of these charming 
The species best represented are 
crispums, in large number and _ variety; 
cirrhosum, one plant of which has five many- 
flowered spikes ; a good piece of hastilabium ; 
the purple-flowering Edwardu; Halli, with 


plants. 


: THE ORCHID WORE: 


[June, 1913. 


Hybrid Odontoglossums are always of a 
stronger constitution than the species, and at 
Marlfield there is no exception to the rule. 
The best flower spikes have been seen on 
Lambeauianum, Rolfea, and crispo-Harry- 
anum. A richly marked Solon (ardentissimum 
x Adriane), a bright yellow form of 
harvengtense, several distinct varieties of 
Ossulstonii, and a nice plant of Persephone 
(Pescatorei x Adriane) may also be seen. 

One side of a span-roofed house is devoted 


Odonloglossum Mrs. Carlisle. 


its very spiny crest; and several plants of 
Pescatorei, one having large flowers of good 
substance, and with a richly coloured crest ; 
Odentoglossum maculatum, with its relation 
aspersum, lasts a long time in flower, and 
there are several strong plants of grande 
Charlesworthu, a beautiful variety in which 
the flowers are almost pure yellow. Sus- 
pended in shallow pans from the roof are 
numerous plants of Rossi majus. 


to Miltonias of the vexillaria section, and it 
would be almost impossible to create a more 
artistic effect, the beautiful flowers reminding 
one of delicately tinted china. Miuitonia 
Bleuana is represented by several choice 
varieties, of which mention may be made of 
Kaiser Wilhelm, exhibited at the Chelsea 
International Show; Mr. le Doux, an elegant 
flower; and one having the ray-like disc on 
the labellum of quite a bright red colour, 


June, 1913.| THE ORCHID WORLD. 209 


and with a charming rose flush of colour on 
the other segments. M. vexillaria Cobbiana, 
a well-known variety, and M. v. Gladys 
Lederer, a dark rose variety, are worthy of 
special notice. 

Rare Odontoglossums are to be seen on 
another spacious staging. The following are 
just a few which happen to be in prominent 
positions: Blue Peter, which, as its name 
suggests, has quite a blue tint; Lady Pirrie, 
a fine example of the eximium section, and 


there is a good selection of various 
Odontiodas, their scarlet coloration making a 
pleasing contrast to the Odontoglossums of 
the rosy-purple kind. A lean-to house facing 
due south contains a nice collection of Lelia 
anceps, most of the best varieties being 
included. Very little shading is given to this 
house, and on all favourable evenings rain 
water is lightly sprayed over the plants. A 
few of the sun-loving Dendrobiums are 
grown in this house; at the present time 


Odontoglossum Lady Pirrie. 


of which we give a reproduction of a 
paintmg; Mrs. Carlisle, which may be best 
judged from the illustration in this issue ; 
Mrs. H. B. Irving; Mrs. Arline King, Mrs. 
Hattie Bareiss, James White Barclay, and 
Lord Pirrie, all of which are excellent 
examples of present-day hybrids. Odonto- 
glossum Mrs. R. le Doux is an extremely 
beautiful flower, probably the result of 
crossing crispum Luciani with ardentissimum. 

Besides many other interesting plants 


D. suavissimum is carrying several spikes of 
rich golden-yellow flowers, which are rendered 
very welcome by their delicious scent. 

The Cattleyas are cultivated in a spacious 
span-roof house with central staging upon 
which the large specimen plants are grown. 
These include a magnificent plant and variety 
of Leelio-Cattleya callistoglossa, a very rich 
and dark form of C. Lawrenceana, a fine 
assortment of labiatas, of which mention 
must be made of a choice variety known as 


210 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Maud le Doux, and another as Mrs. R. le 
Doux, the latter being of the scarce albescens 
type; also one called Richd. le Doux, with 
no sign of purple, the flower being pure white. 
There is, as well, a good plant of labiata 
Gilmoure. 


One corner of this house is entirely devoted 
to albino Cattleyas, where may be seen 
Mossie Wagneri, and C. Mendelii Madame 
R. le Doux, a charming variety with pure 
white sepals and petals and a light blue tinge 
on the lip. Cattleya Triane Ada le Doux 
is of excellent shape, with purple feathering 
down the centre of the petals. 


Besides many good examples of Cattleya 
Fabia, there are several plants of C. Hardyana 
which have been raised in this country from 
selected parents, and on that account are 
finer than most of the natural hybrids. One 
of the gems of the collection 1s undoubtedly 
to be seen in Cattleya Mrs. Pitt, Charles- 
worth’s variety, the colour being intense 
rose-purple with marble-like markings of 
crimson and gold on the lip. It is admitted 
by one and all to be the finest form of this 
popular hybrid. 

The Cypripediums are grown in a span- 
roof house, and although some of the latest 
additions are as yet small plants, it will not 
be long, judging by the numerous new 
growths now being produced, before they 
attain full size. The well-known Cypripedium 
Olga Bagshawe originated in this collection 
some twenty years ago. The pretty albino 
callosum Sander is represented by upwards 
of fifty nice plants, and Maudie magnificum, 
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, insigne Sandere, 
and insigne Harefield Hall are to be seen in 
robust condition. Other noted hybrids are 
Germaine Opoix, Gaston Bulteel, Dread- 
nought, illustre Alcibiades, The King, Royal 
George, and Queen Alexandra, the latter a 
most beautiful variety of this hybrid between 
Thompsoni and Charlesworthu. 

Cypripedium bellatulum is grown in a 
mixture of loam, lime rubble and crocks, a 
compost which suits them admirably. Over 
thirty specimen plants have been grown from 
two original plants imported but a few years 


June, 1913.] 


back. The chaste variety known as album, 
the semi-albino form called Queen of Spain, 
and the dark exhim’s variety are in first-class 
condition. Quite a picturesque effect 1s 
produced by several good plants of niveum 
with their small, but nevertheless pretty, 
wax-like flowers. 

At Christmas time quite a display of bloom 
is produced by a large and varied batch of 
Calanthes, while at other times various forms 
of Phaius give an abundance of flower. 
Oncidium flexuosum is much admired at 
Marlfield, and its graceful flower-spikes have 
caused Mrs. le Doux to appropriately christen 
it the “Golden Rain Orchid.” 

Space does not permit of describing the 
numerous typical species of the various 
genera which are in this collection, interesting 
as they are to the botanist and beautiful to 
the amateur. As so much of the pleasure 
to be obtained from Orchids depends on their 
efficient cultivation, it must be said _ that 
considerable praise is due to Mr. J. W. 
Fletcher for the able manner in which he 
manages this large and varied collection of 
plants. In nearly every plant examined a 
rapid increase in the size of the bulbs or 
growths was visible, and with such good 
results as these great encouragement is given 
to one and all. Mr. Fletcher has just reason to 
be proud of his work, and he well earns all 
the praise he receives. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


LA#LIO-CATTLEYA SCHRODERASCENS. — 
This pleasing hybrid between C. Schréderz 
and L.-C. highburyensis has much of the 
former parents’ delicate colour, although the 
cinnabarina influence, derived through high- 
buryensis, has given a richer tone. The 
segments are rather narrow, but made 
attractive by rose venation. The orange 
throat and crisped margin to the labellum are 
other attractive features.. Raised by Mr. 
Eustace Clark, Evershot, Dorset. 

BRASSOCATTLEZLIA GERALD.—Messrs. J. 
Veitch and Sons have produced this new 
hybrid by crossing B.-C. Digbyano-purpurata 


June, 1913.] 


THE ORCHID WORLD, 


SE ae 


Cattleya Madame le Doux. 
A beautiful hybrid in the Marlfeld collection. 


[June, 1913. 


WORLD. 


JUS03, WIEISHUD) 


212 


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"XO SMIS10a") winsso] So}UopC) ‘pDipuy fo ssasduy winsso]SojuopC) 


June, 1913.] 


with L.-C. bletchleyensis. One of the first 
of the batch to bloom has a wide flower, of 
good texture, and of an even rosy-mauve 
colour, the labellum being of a similar tint 
to the sepals and petals. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA DUCHESS OF CON- 
NAUGHT.—At the Manchester Orchid Society, 
May ist, 1913, Mrs. Gratrix, of Whalley 
Range, exhibited this hybrid between L. 
harpophylla and C. Schrodere, and which 
does not appear to have been previously 
recorded. 

DENDROBIUM HARRISONII—By crossing 
D. nobile nobilius with Dominianum (Linawi- 
anum x nobile) Mr. C. Alwyn Harrison has 
produced a bright rose-purple hybrid. The 
seed was sown in 1908, and the seedling, now 
flowering for the first time, resembles the 
pollen parent in growth. From the same 
collection comes Cattleya Mossiz var. King 
Nicholas, a large flower with much yellow 
coloration on the labellum. 

ONCIDIUM McCBEANIANUM. — A _ very 
beautiful and interesting hybrid between 
superbiens and macranthum. The plant is 
four years old and carries a trailing spike of 
over 30 flowers, intermediate in size and 
colour. The sepals are golden yellow with a 
slight suffusion of chocolate red, the petals 
having the characteristic blotches of super- 
biens on their basal half, but the colour of 
these is modified. Raised by Messrs. J. and 
A. McBean, of Cooksbridge, and exhibited by 
them at the Chelsea Show, 1913. 

L#&LIO - CATTLEYA SALMONEA. — The 
parents of this new hybrid are G. S. Ball 
(cinnabarina x Schréderee) and Latona (cinna- 
barina x purpurata). The resulting flower is 
bright salmon-red, with a rich orange-coloured 
throat. Exhibited by Messrs. Mansell and 
Hatcher at the Chelsea Show, 1913. 

BRASSOCATTLALIA EXCELSIOR.—Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown have raised this hybrid 
by crossing L.-C. George Woodhams 
(purpurata x Hardyana) with Brassavola 
Digbyana. The result is a large flower, dark 
crimson-purple in colour, the lip fringed and 
undulated at the margin. Award of Merit, 
Chelsea Show, 1913. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 213 


LA@LIO-CATTLEYA IMPERATRIX REGINA. 
—A new hybrid between C. Mendeli and 
L.-C. Martinetti has been flowered by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. ‘The broad lip of tene- 
brosa, derived through the latter parent, has 
blended with the dark purple one of Mendelu 
and produced a good result. 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA MIRABILIS.— The result 
of crossing Cattleya Mendelu with Brasso- 
Cattleya Mrs. J. Leemann, and likely to give 
excellent results, all three parental species 
being noted for their distinct lips. Raised by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

ODONTIODA PENELOPE.—A new primary 
hybrid between Odontoglossum Harryanum 
and Cochlioda sanguinea was exhibited at the 
Chelsea Show by Messrs. Armstrong and 
Brown. The petals are inclined forward, as 
usually seen in Harryanum, the labellum is 
ovate and pointed, with a prominent crest. 
In colour the sepals and petals are rose- 
crimson, the labellum deep rose, and the 
column white. Its nearest relations are 
wickhamensis and Kitty. 

ODONTOGLOssUMS.—The following new 
hybrids have been named as follows by 
Messrs. Sander and Sons:—Endymion 
(crispo-Harryanum x excellens), Bronze Prince 
(Royal Sovereign x Harryanum), luminosum 
(ardentissimum x _ Fascinator), Chieftain 
(Rolfez x Vuylsteke1), lucidum (triumphans 
x Ossulstonu), and Conqueror (crispum x 
illustrissimum). 

BRASSO-CATTLEYA MENDELOSA. — An 
interesting hybrid has been raised by Messrs. 
J. and A. McBean between Brassavola nodosa 
and Cattleya Mendelu. As may be expected 
from past experience the strong influence of 
the Brassavola parent has predominated in 
the seedling, still it forms a useful addition 
to the series, and is likely to suit a house 
where the atmosphere is somewhat drier than 
usual. 


ORCHID SALE.—The collection of Orchids 
belonging to Sir William Bass is to be dis- 
persed under the hammer of Messrs. Knight, 
Frank and Rutley, at Byrkley Lodge, near 
Burton-on-Trent, early in July. 


214 THE ORCHID ‘WORLD. 


GHENT SHOW. 


(Concluded from page 188.) 


M. Maurce Verdonck, received a Gold 
Medal, value 50 francs, for the best collection 
of Orchids from Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, 
and the Equator; and a similar award for 
Orchids from India. M. Verdonck also 
obtained a Silver-gilt Medal for a collection 
of Dendrobiums, and a Gold Medal for 
Odontoglossums. 

M. Vincke, Bruges, was awarded a Silver- 
gilt Medal for an exhibit of Vanda suavis. 

Mons. J. van de Putte, received a Gold 
Medal, value 100 francs, for an excellent 
collection of Orchids, and various Prizes for 
special species and varieties. 

Mons. Firmin Lambeau, Brussels, exhibited 
Cymbidium Humblotii, and obtained the First 
Prize for the best Cymbidium. Count Joseph 
de Hemptinne, St. Denis, Westrem, secured 
the Second Prize for a magnificent specimen 
Cymbidium Lowianum, carrying 36 long 
spikes. The plant had been in his collection 
10 years. 

In the class for the most beautiful Den- 
drobium, Mons. Verdonck secured a Silver- 
gilt Medal for D. densiflorum, and Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart. obtained a Silver 
Medal for D. Lady Colman. This latter 
exhibitor also received a Silver-gilt Medal 
for the finest variety of Odontoglossum 
crispum. 

For the finest Lycaste, Messrs. Pauwels 
were awarded a Silver-gilt Medal for Lycaste 
Skinneri alba “ La Perle.” The Second Prize 
going to Messrs. J. van de Putte and Co. 

Mons. Th. Pauwels, secured a Silver-gilt 
Medal for the finest Cymbidium hybrid by 
exhibiting C. Pauwelsii; and a similar award 
for Cypripedium Alcibiades “Roi Albert.” 
This same exhibitor staged a magnificent 
specimen Eulophiella Peetersiana (Hamelinii) 
with two tall spikes each carrying about two 
dozen rose coloured fleshy flowers. 

Mme. A. de Schryver-Block, Gentbrugge, 
was awarded a Second Prize for an exhibit of 
15 Cypripediums. 

For the best exhibit of Phalaenopsis, Mons. 


[June, 1913. 


Th. Pauwels secured the First Prize, and 
Mons. L. Hoornaert, St.-Nicholas, won the 
Second. 

Mons. Firmin Lambeau was awarded a 
Silver-gilt Medal for the finest Odontioda 
(Coronation), and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., 
secured a Silver Medal for Odontioda Brad- 
shawie “ Lady Colman.” 

Messrs. J. van de Putte and Co. were first 
with Sobralia, and Mons. Th. Pauwels secured 
a Silver-gilt Medal for Trichopilia Hennisu. 


ORCHID GROUPS. 


XHIBITORS of Orchids at the Royal 
E. Horticultural Society should bear in 
mind the fact that Cups and Medals 
are awarded in accordance with the high-class 
nature of the plants included, and not to the 
amount of space that is occupied. The Society 
desires to encourage the cultivation of 
improved and new varieties, rare species and 
specimen plants, and it is for such that the 
judges award points. 

The exhibitor who stages one hundred 
square feet of ordinary varieties frequently 
expresses surprise when a group of often less 
than half the size receives a higher award for 
the reason that it contains plants of superior 
merit. 

These remarks do not apply to Orchids 
only, but to all kinds of plants, and if the 
staging of large areas of similar or ordinary 
plants continues the Council may find it 
necessary to restrict such exhibits to reason- 
able proportions. 

However large the exhibition may be there 
is always a limit to the space at the disposal 
of the authorities, and it is very disappointing 
to those amateurs who, after cultivating with 
great care the plants in which they are 
specially interested, find that they are pre- 
vented from exhibiting the same owing to 
insufficient room. 

There is no doubt that in the early days 
of the Society, when it did not enjoy such 
prosperity as is now the case, the exhibiting 
of large groups of similar plants was of great 
assistance in forming a show, but in these 


June, 1913.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 215 


days of continued increase in the number of 
Fellows, and the material which they exhibit, 
it seems only reasonable to expect that quality 
must take the place of quantity. 

When necessary, newly imported plants will 
be referred to the Scientific Committee, that 
they may be correctly named. All such 
specimens should be accompanied with as 
accurate information as possible as to the 
countries from which they have been intro- 
duced, or the parentage from which they have 
sprung. Botanical Certificates and Certificates 
of Appreciation are entrusted specially (but 
not exclusively) to this Committee, which is 
composed of eminent men of science, most of 
them possessing practical knowledge of 
gardening as well, and they are at all times 
ready to report and advise on plant diseases, 
peculiarities and sports. The subjects thus 
dealt with include botany, entomology, 
bacteriology, chemistry, morphology, etc. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


May 14th, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Gurney Wilson, A. McBean, R. A. Rolfe, 
W: Cobb, J. Cypher, H. G. Alexander, A. 
Dye, W. H. White, and S. W. Flory. 

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., 
Burford, exhibited a number of rare plants, 
including Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Gallice- 
anum, a peculiar form with an imperfect lip ; 
Odontoglossums, and a _ good specimen 
Cochlioda sanguinea. 

Sir George H. Kenrich, Whetstone, Bir- 
mingham, received a Silver Flora Medal and 
Cultural Commendation for a dozen good 
plants of Dendrobium Dalhousieanum, 4 to 
5 feet high. These had all been cultivated 
from one original plant imported twelve years 
ago. 

W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, 
exhibited Odontoglossum Pavlova, a beautiful 
hybrid of unrecorded parentage; and Den- 
drobium Falconeri, with over 200 flowers, 


for which a Cultural Commendation was 
awarded. 

The Right Hon. Lord Lawrence, Chetwode 
Manor, Buckingham, showed a_ specimen 
Dendrobium Dalhousieanum, with bulbs 
6 feet 7 inches high. A Cultural Commenda- 
tion was awarded to the grower, Mr. C. J. 
Salter. 

Pantia Raili, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
showed Odontioda Sandere, of rich red 
colour. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged Odontioda Lambeauiana Excelsior, of 
perfect shape and colour. 

Alwyn Harrison, Esq., Watford, exhibited 
Odontoglossum Janthe, Harrison’s var., and 
Lelio-Cattleya Elsie Lemare, a_ pleasing 
flower. 

R. A. Rolfe, Esq., showed flowers from 
crosses raised at Kew, and proving the records 
of the imported natural hybrids known as 
Odontoglossum Coradinei, and Lelio-Cattleya 
amanda. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Brassocattlelia Veitchii The Dell variety, 
from Baron Bruno Schréder (gr. Mr. J. E. 
Shill)—An elegant hybrid with large flowers 
of a silvery rose tint. The lip deep rose- 
purple, with a few white lines. 

Lelhio-Cattleya Fascinator-Mossie Burford 
variety, from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart— 
A most promising hybrid with thick textured 
flowers, the tips of the broad petals flushed 
with purple. 

Odontoglossum Phoebe splendens, from 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge—A 
very remarkable result in which the flowers 
are large and broader than many forms of 
crispum. 


BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE. 


Lissochilus streptopetalus, from Wm. van 
de Weyer, Esq., Smedmore House, Corfe 
Castle—A very interesting species collected 
in British East Africa at an altitude of 8,300 
feet. The plant carried eight tall spikes of 
yellow flowers with greenish sepals striped 
with brown. 


216 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[June, 1913. 


THE “GREAT CHELSEA sito 


May 20th, 21st, 22nd, 1913. 


Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), 
received a Gold Medal for a wonderful display 
of specimen Orchids, every plant being shown 
in perfect condition. The varieties of Mil- 
tonia vexillaria included a dark form with 14 
spikes and 59 flowers; Snowflake, with 15 
spikes and 85 flowers; Marmorata, with 
14 spikes and 75 flowers; and virginale with 
29 spikes and 125 flowers. The Cattleyas, 
for which Westonbirt is so famous, included : 
about two dozen plants of C. Mossiz, bearing 
together over 200 flowers, and the following 
named varieties: Mahomet, Parsifal, Vaihalla, 
Marmian, and A. Dimmock. Twelve excel- 
lent plants of C. Dusseldorfer Undine carried 
in all 60 flowers; and C. Mendelu “May 
Queen,” Schrodere “Geisha,” C. Skinneri 
“Temple’s var.,” were shown in good style. 
Lelho-Cattleyas were also excellent, and com- 
prised Lygia, of unknown parentage, fine 
forms of luminosa, Glaucus, the Westonbirt 
variety of G. S. Ball, Holford’s variety of 
Ganymede, and specimen plants of Fasci- 
nator. Cypripediums were another feature, the 
best being Lawrenceanum, callosum Sandere, 
Maudiz, and Charles Rickman. An attrac- 
tive touch of colour was given by several 
pieces of Masdevallia Veitchiana, each carry- 
ing about 24 scarlet-red flowers. Cymbidiums 
Alexanderi and Pauwelsi were placed along 
the top row, and strong plants of Oncidium 
Marshallianum brightened various portions of 
the group with over two dozen spikes of 
golden blooms. — Brasso-Cattleyas included 
over 20 specimens, many being superb varie- 
ties. Odontoglossum crispum was represented 
by two beautiful varieties, known respectively 
as Zoroaster and Lucy Spinner. The Weston- 
birt varieties of illustrissimum and ardentis- 
simum xanthotes were much admired, and 
eximium King George was placed in a 
prominent position. Touches of red colour 
were produced by many choice forms of 
Odontioda Cooksoniz, O. Charlesworthu, 


O. Vuylstekei, and O. Bradshawie, the whole 
making a most beautiful display. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Gold Medal for a very 
beautiful exhibit, at each end of which were 
banks of Miltonia vexillaria, and in the centre 
numerous varieties of Lzlio-Cattleya Fasci- 
nator, which included ccerulescens, nobilior, 
and Queen of Denmark. The Odontoglossums 
included Georgius Rex, a fine hybrid with 30 
flowers; Empress of India, a large spike of 
18 flowers of the amabile section; eximium, 
of rich colour; Aquitania; and ardentis- 
simum xanthotes. Lzlio-Cattleya Sylvia var. 
Princess Victoria Louise and L.-.C. Golden 
Glory were two of the most distinct hybrids 
in the group, their bright yellow colour being 
very attractive. Cattleya Lawrenceana “ Mary 
Regina” was awarded the Davidson Cup for 
the finest Cattleya in the show. Another 
speciality was Miltonia Charlesworthu, which 
was granted a First-class Certificate. Odon- 
tiodas were also good, and included Queen 
Mary, Charlesworthu, and Chantecleer, all of 
brilliant colour. Along the top of this group 
were fine specimens of Cymbidium hybrids. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Gold Medal for an extensive exhibit 
of hybrids and rare species. In the centre of 
one bay were several Odontonias, the best 
being Lelia Sander, Roger Sander, and 
Lairessee (M. Warscewiczu x O. crispum 
solum). The new Maxillaria Fletcheriana, 
Odontoglossum Neptune vivicans (crispum x 
nebulosum), and Cypripedium _ bellatulum 
Queen of Spain were much admired. Other 
specialities included Oncidium Sandere, 
Cymbidium Pauwelsu, and Cymbidium Got- 
tianum bellissimum, creamy-white with soft 
rose flushing. Brasso-Cattleyas were in good 
form, and included the handsome mirabilis 
and Vilmoriniana Etna with rich rose flowers. 
Miltonia vexillaria “ Northlight,” M. Bleuana, 
M. Hyeana, and M. St. André were also 
included. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
received a Silver Cup for a very beautiful 


June, 1913. | 


exhibit in which the Odontiodas were a 
special feature. These included Bradshawie 
“Gatton Queen,” with two spikes each carry- 
ing 40 flowers of rosy-scarlet colour, and 
Bradshawie “ Lady Colman.” The interesting 
Brasso-Diacrium Colmani, white with a 
spotted lip; Ccelogyne Parish; Odonto- 
glossum Thompsonu, with a white ground; 
the rare O. crispum solum, and O. Queen of 
Gatton were shown in fine form. Cypripe- 
dium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, and Oncidium 
macranthum were also staged. 


Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, secured a Silver Cup, for an extensive 
exhibit, in which were many fine Miltonia 
hybrids. The best included vexillaria G. D. 
Owen, with the crimson blotch well developed; 
vy. Lambeauiana, with almost white flowers ; 
St. André, and Hyeana. About 100 Odon- 
tiodas were included, these making a very 
brilhant display of colour. Cattleya Skinneri 
alba, with more than 50 flowers; a very fine 
form of Lycaste Skinneri; a large and richly 
coloured Coelogyne pandurata, and the new 
Odontioda Penelope were much admired. 
Along the top row were many fine specimens 
of Phalaenopsis amabilis, Cymbidium hybrids, 
and Ceelogyne Dayana with many pendulous 
spikes of flower. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co. Bush Hill 
Park, secured a Silver Cup, for an extensive 
and well-arranged group in which were many 
superb specimens of Dendrobium Wardianum, 
and arranged on a centre stand well-flowered 
plants of Phalenopsis amabilis and Renan- 
thera Imschootiana, the combination of red 
and white blooms being very effective. The 
curious Dendrobium Brymerianum, the scarce 
D. crassinode album, and Cymbidium 
eburneum were also staged. Cypripediums 
were in good form, and included Maudie, 
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, and other albinos. 
Several healthy plants of Cypripedium 
niveum, the interesting Masdevallia simula, 
the North Indian Saccolabium gemmatum, 
and Brassia verrucosa, with its spider-like 
flowers, were in prominent positions. Speci- 
men plants included Cattleya Mendelii, a 
delicate variety with nine flowers, Dendrobium 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 217 


densiflorum, beautifully flowered, and D. 
dixanthum, with bright orange-yellow blooms. 
Many botanical varieties were also included. 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
staged a beautiful exhibit of Odontoglossums, 
the varieties of crispum being specially fine. 
Other Odontoglossums included Jasper, 
Thompsonianum, the rare Sceptrum aureum, 
luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum, with four fine 
spikes of flower, crispum xanthotes Charles- 
worthu ardentissimum “Agnes,” a very fine 
white variety, and crispum Rosaline, a spot- 
less form. Cattleya Mossiz was a special 
feature, many beautiful varieties being shown 
in perfection. C. Mendelii included a number 
of dark-purple lipped forms, and there were 
distinct varieties of Lzelio-Cattleya Gany- 
mede, Helius, and G. S. Ball. ©Oncidium 
McBeanianum (macranthum x superbiens), O. 
superbiens and a _ wonderful variety of 
macranthum hastiferum carried numerous 
flowers. Odontiodas were represented by 
some 20 plants of superb varieties of Charles- 
worthu, and some 60 plants of Lambeauianum, 
all of good shape and colour. The new 
Brasso-Cattleya Mendelosa (B. nodosa x C, 
Mendeli), several distinct varieties of Cym- 
bidium Pauwelsii and Gottianum, together 
with many fine varieties of Muiltonias, the 
latter including Bleuana, vexillaria G. D. 
Owen, and Phalaenopsis McBean’s var. 
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Ltd., Rawdon, 
were awarded a Silver Cup for an elegant 
display of various Orchids, including a richly 
blotched form of Odontoglossum  crispum 
called Royal Gem ; crispum eboriacum, of fine 
Pacho type; many grand forms of Cattleya 
Mendelii, C. Mossiz, and C. Dusseldorfei 
Undine. Lelio-Cattleya were specially good 
and included Hyeana, Eudora, Fascinator, and 
callistoglossa. | Odontoglossum 
album, nice batches of Cypripedium niveum, 
and several good forms of Miltonia venillaria. 
A pretty effect was given by many well- 
flowered plants of Oncidium pulchellum. 
Cattleya Empress Frederick alba secured a 
First-class Certificate, and Miltonia vexillaria 
chelseaensis was beautifully flowered. 
Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 


citrosmum 


218 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


received a Silver Cup for a  tastefully- 
arranged group in which were strong plants of 
Dendrobium Thwaitesize Veitch’s var., with 
numerous flowers; several batches of Cypri- 
pedium callosum Sandere. Cymbidium 
Alexanderi, a fine variety of Maxillaria 
Sanderiana, bright Oncidiums, several well- 
flowered Brasso-Cattleyas, many flowered 
plants of Masdevallia Veitchiana, Vanda 
teres, Epidendrum O’Brienianum, Léeelio- 
Cattleya Wellsiana, and L.-C. Hyeana, with a 
large number of well-developed flowers. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford, received a 
Silver Cup for a neat exhibit of Lelio- 
Cattleya Aphrodite, the pretty Trichopilia 
Backhouseana, good varieties of Cattleya 
Mendelu, Vanda _ teres, and _ blotched 
Odontoglossums. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, were 
awarded a Silver-gilt Medal for a good 
exhibit of Odontoglossums and Cattleyas, the 
latter including Schrédere alba, and Skinneri 
alba with 22 flowers. Dendrobium Bronck- 
hartii, several Odontiodas of excellent colour, 
and Lzelio-Cattleya G. S. Ball, with 
coppery-yellow blooms, were well staged. 
Odontoglossum Aureworth, the yellow O. 
luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum, and Miltonia 
vexillarias were also noticed. A good form 
of Cattleya Dusseldorfe1 Undine was in a 
prominent position. 

Mr. S. Flory, Twickenham, received a Silver 
Flora Medal for a nice group, in which we 
noticed many fine forms of Cattleya Men- 
delu, the white Lelia purpurata “Queen 
Alexandra,” the elegant Cypripedium Roths- 
childianum, C. Olivia, and a pretty group of 
Anezectochili. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, 
Wandsworth Common, was awarded a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a neat group containing 
a specimen Miltonia vexillaria, a distinct 
variety of Cattleya Mossiz, with purple- 
splashed petals, C. intermedia alba, the 
elegant Ccelogyne pandurata, Cymbidium 
insigne, Brasso-Lelia Jessopi, with orange- 
yellow flowers, and a good form of Odontioda 
Charlesworthu. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Deanlands Nursery, 


[June, 1913. 


Balcombe, secured a Silver Banksian Medal 
for a selection of Odontoglossum crispum, 
Cattleya Mossiz Reineckiana C. Mendelu, a 
good form of Cypripedium bellatulum, and 
Miltonia vexillaria. 

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, Hull, 
showed Miltonia Bleuana Hessle variety, with 
a dark ray-like disc, and Cattleya Luedde- 
manniana Schréderiana, with white sepals 
and petals. 

Mr. John Evans, Key Green, Congleton, 
Cheshire, exhibited Odontoglossum Ruby 
Gem, a large flower with reddish-purple 
blotches and a marginal line of the same 
colour ; and O. Evansie, a grand hybrid with a 
spike of 16 large flowers handsomely blotched. 

Mons. Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent, staged 
Miltonia Hyeana Eureka, a large white 
flower, flushed with rose, and having a dark 
ray-like blotch of crimson-purple on the crest. 


AWARDS. 


MEMBERS of the Committee present :—Sir 
Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Mr. Jas. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart, Messrs. Gurney Wilson, H. G. Alex- 
ander, F, ‘Sander,: J. Shill, \). Cyplier.iss 
Chapman, F. M. Ogilvie, R. G. Thwaites, J. 
S. Moss, W. H. Hatcher, S. Flory, Stuart Low, 
W. Cobb, A. Dye, W. P. Bound, Wilson 
Potter, C. J. Lucas, R. Brooman-White, W. H. 
White, E. Ashworth, F. J. Hanbury, W. Bolton, 
de Barri Crawshay, and J. Gurney Fowler. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Othmarschen (parentage 
unknown), from Baron Bruno Schréder, The 
Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill).— 
A very beautiful hybrid, with large flowers 
almost covered with claret-purple blotches. 

Lelio - Cattleya Britannia Westonbirt 
variety (L.-C. Canhamiana x C. Warscewiczii), 
from Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, 
K.C.V.O. (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander)—This 
plant carried seven immense flowers, with rose 
sepals and petals, and deep purple labellum. 

Lelio-Cattleya Sylvia “Princess Victoria 
Louise” (Ascania x Hippolyta), from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and CoA very fine result. 
Flower of good shape, with canary-yellow 


June, 1913.] tik ORCHID” WORLD. 219 


segments, the broad lip veined with dark 
crimson. One of the gems in the show. 

Miltonia Charlesworthii, from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—A very handsome 
seedling, somewhat similar to vexillaria G. D. 
Owen, the richly-coloured blotch being very 
attractive and likely to still further improve 
as the plant gains strength. 

Lelho-Cattleya Frederick Boyle “Gatton 
variety” (L. anceps albaxC. Trianz), from 
Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park—A 
great improvement on previous forms of this 
white-flowering hybrid. 

Odontoglossum Queen of Gatton 
(triumphans x percultum), from Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart-——A very fine hybrid in which 
the large golden-yellow flowers are hand- 
somely blotched with red-brown. 

Odontioda  Chantecleer “ Orchidhurst 
variety ” (O. Cooksoniz x C. Noezliana), from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells.—A particularly fine result in which the 
broad petalled flowers are of a brilliant and 
rich scarlet-red. 

Cattleya Empress Frederick alba (aurea x 
Mossiz Reineckiana), from Messrs. Mansell 
and Hatcher, Rawdon——A pleasing hybrid 
with white sepals and petals, the broad and 
open labellum marked with bright orange- 
yellow. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Odontoglossum illustrissimum “ Westonhirt 
variety,” from Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford. 
—A good variety with large flowers, having 
solid blotches of claret-purple, the tips of 
segments blush-white. 

Lelio-Cattleya Ganymede “Holford’s 
variety ” (Latona x Schrédere), from Lieut.- 
Col. Sir George Holford—A pretty hybrid 
with two spikes carrying a total of 14 orange- 
red flowers. 

Odontoglossum Georgius Rex, from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co—One of the best 
hybrids.—See illustration. 

Odontioda chelseznsis “St. Fuscien” (C. 
vuleanica x crispum), from Mr. H. Graire, 
Amiens.—A very pretty result. The plant 
carried a spike of 20 large flowers, rosy-lilac 
in colour, the tips of segments creamy-white. 


Oncidioda Cooksoniz illustris (O. macran- 
thum x C. Neezliana)—A very fine variety, 
with large flowers of rich scarlet-red. 

Odontonia Lelia Sander (Mailtonia 
Warscewiczu x Odontoglossum amabile), from 
Messrs. Sander and Sons.—Flowers evenly 
set, the labellum well developed, with a large 
purple-red blotch, white at the apex. 

Brasso-Cattleya Vilmoriniana “ Etna,” from 
Messrs. Sander and Sons.—A_ charming 
hybrid with a large rose flower, the broad lip 
fringed at the edge, the throat orange-yellow. 

Brassocattlela Excelsior, from Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown.—See “ New Hybrids.” 

Odontoglossum eximium Armstrongie, 
from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown.—The 
large white flower handsomely blotched with 
violet-purple. One of the distinct varieties. 

Lelio-Cattleya Aphrodite splendens, from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown—An elegant 
variety with the dark lip prettily crimped at 
the margin. 

Cattleya Mendelii “May Queen,” from 
Messrs. J. and A. McBean—A handsome 
variety with white sepals and petals and the 
broad lip rich purple-mauve. 

Oncidium McBeanianum (superbiens x 
macranthum), from Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 
—See “ New Hybrids.” 

Cymbidium Gottianum superbum (eburneum 
xinsigne), from Messrs. J. and A. McBean. 
—A large, bold form, creamy-white, with the 
lip crimson spotted. 

Odontioda Charlesworthi Perfection (O. 
Harryanum x C. Noezliana), from Messrs. J. 
and A. McBean.—Large flowers, good shape, 
rich red colour. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS 


To Mr. H. G. Alexander, Orchid grower to 
Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, for Miltonia 
vexiliaria Snowflake, with 15 spikes, 85 
flowers; and for M. vexillaria virginale, with 
29 spikes, 125 flowers. Also for Cattleya 
Mossia, carrying three spikes with six, six 
and three flowers respectively. 

To Mr. J. Davis, Orchid grower to J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq., for Sobralia macrantha 
alba, with numerous flowers and buds. 


220 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 


April 17th, 1913: 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J. 
Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, A. Hanmer, W. 
Hatcher, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, 
W. Morgan, C. Parker, F. K. Sander, H. 
Thorp, A. Warburton, E. H. Davidson, and 
H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Gold Medal was awarded to Z. A. Ward, 
Esq., Northenden, for a fine group of Odonto- 
glossums. 

Silver-gilt Medals were granted to R. 
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch; and A. War- 
burton, Esq., Haslingden. 

Large Silver Medals were awarded to 
Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn; and 
W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood. 

A Silver Medal was awarded to J. Lawson, 
Esq., Sharples, Bolton; and Bronze Medals 
to Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors ; 
and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, Bradford. 

Other exhibitors included H. Arthur, Esq., 
Blackburn; E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford ; 
and Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Odontoglossum Wm. Thompson and 
Odontioda Wm. Thompson, from Wm. 
Thompson, Esq. 

Brassocattlelia King Emperor (L.-C. 
callistoglossa x B.-C. Digbyano-Mossie), 
from W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum “ Militaris,” from 
A. Warburton, Esq. 

Odontoglossum crispum “Orchid Dene,” 
from E. H. Davidson, Esq. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Bradshawie “ Hestia,” and 
Evadne, from W. R. Lee, Esq. 

Odontioda Edna, and Lelio-Cattleya Mrs. 
Temple “Ashlands var.,” from R. Ashworth, 
Esq. 


[June, 1913. 


Odontoglossum crispum “ J. Howes,” from 
Wm. Thompson, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Dreadnought, from Z. A. 
Ward, Esq. 

Odontoglossum Aurora, and Od. crispum 
rotundum, from E. H. Davidson, Esq. 

Dendrobium Harveyanum, from Messrs. 
A. J. Keeling and Sons. 


BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE, 2ND CLASS. 


Epidendrum Lambda, from Messrs. A. J- 
Keeling and Sons. 


May Ist, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J- 
Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. 
Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. Cypher, J. Evans, 
Dr. Hartley, A. J. Keelmg, J. Lupton: 
McLeod, W. Morgan, C. Parker, A. War- 
burton, E. H. Davidson, and H. Arthur 
(Secretary). 

Silver Medals were awarded to Col. J. 
Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn ; Messrs. Cypher 
and Sons, Cheltenham; Messrs. A. J.- 
Keeling and Sons, Bradford; and Mr. D. 
McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy. 

A Bronze Medal and Cultural Certificate 
was awarded to O. O. Wnigley, Esq., Bury, 
for three plants of Anguloa Clowesu, one of 
which carried 7 flowers. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Brassocattlelia Triune “Gratrixiz,” a 
magnificent flower, from Mrs. Gratrix. 

Odontoglossum Jasper “Orchid Dene,” a 
large well spotted flower with rosy ground ; 
Odontoglossum Aireworth “ Borlases,” one of 
the finest forms seen; both from Mr. E. H. 
Davidson. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Enid “TIllustris,’ and Cattleya 
Mendelu “Regina,” both the property of J. 
Leemann, Esq. 

Lelio-Cattleya Duchess of Connaught (L. 
harpophylla x C. Schréderz), the property 
of Mrs. Gratrix. 


b> 


TREE. 


| 38 BS Sal a Be 
——6 ap oon ee 


NOLES: 


CHELSEA AWARDS.— The followimg amend- 
ment has been made by the Council of the 
Royal Horticultural Society in their list of 
awards given at the Chelsea Show :—Silver- 
gilt Cup in leu of Silver Cup to Sir Jeremiah 
Colman for Orchids. 

Mr. J. GURNEY FOWLER Orchidists will 
be interested to hear that Mr. J. Gurney 
Fowler, the Treasurer of the Royal Horticul- 
tural Society and Chairman of the Orchid 
Committee, has purchased an estate at 
Pembury, near Tunbridge Wells, Kent, where 
a very suitable atmosphere for Orchid culture 
exists. The entire collection and some of the 
greenhouses will shortly be removed from 
South Woodford to the new address. 

ORCHIS HIRCINA~—Two strong flowering 
plants of this rarity, commonly known as the 
Lizard Orchid, were exhibited at the Royal 
Horticultural Society, June 17th, 1913, by 
Mr. Duncan V. Pirie, M.P., Aberdeen, who 
cbtained them from his garden at Chateau 
de Verennes, Anjou, France, where they were 
found growing on the bank of the river Loire. 
This species was first described in England 
in the year 1041, since when plants have 
occasionally been found in various districts 
of Kent, Surrey and Sussex, although more 
than once it has been thought to have become 
extinct in this country. An interesting 
account of its discoveries may be found in 

VOL. III. 


the ORCHID WORLD, August, 1911. Botanists 
have also described this species under the 
names Aceras hircina and Himantoglossum 


hircinum. 
YY ¥Y ¥y 


LALIO-CATTLEYA MARTINETTI.— This 
very distinct hybrid between L. tenebrosa 
and C. Mossia will always attract attention 
by reason of its rich, coppery-red colour. 
Originally flowered in 1899, many subsequent 
batches of seedlings have been raised to 
supply the demand. One of the prettiest 
and best coloured forms has recently flowered 
in the collection of Sir Mervyn E. Buller, 
Bart. Broomhill, Spratton, Northampton, 
whose plants are cultivated by Mr. J. B. 
Dovey with considerable care. The speci- 
men, bearing the varietal name Cupatria, 
carried five flowers, of good shape, the sepals 
and petals coppery-red, the labellum crimson- 
purple, handsomely veined with dark crimson. 

ORCHID CATALOGUE.—Messrs. Stuart Low 
and Co., Bush Hill Park, Middlesex, have 
just issued an attractive catalogue of Orchids. 
Consisting of 64 pages, with many illustra- 
tions, it will be found of service to all 
interested in the cultivation of these plants. 
A welcome inclusion is a series of lists of 
plants, prepared specially for beginners. 
Collection No. 1 is of cool house Odonto- 
glossums; No. 2, Cattleyas and Lelias 
suitable for a minimum winter temperature of 


28 


ty 
to 
iS) 


50 degrees; No. 3, winter flowering Cypri- 
pediums ; No. 4, representatives of dissimilar 
genera, to bloom in succession in_ their 
respective seasons; No. 5, general collection 
suitable for a cool house having a minimum 
night temperature of 42 degrees; No. 6, 
selected Orchids for an intermediate house 
with a minimum night temperature of 
50 degrees; No. 7, Orchids suitable for culti- 
vation in a stove or warm house; and No. 8, 
hybrid Orchids for a house where the winter 
minimum temperature is 50 degrees. 


IRREGULAR PELORIA—Mr. E. H. David- 
son, of Twyford, Berks., has recently flowered 
a very uncommon, yet nevertheless pretty, 
form of Cattleya Mossiz called Golden Ray, 
in which the broad petals are streaked with 
yellow in similar fashion to that colour 
usually seen on the labellum and in the throat 
of the same species. It 1s a well-known fact 
that the inner whorl of perianth segments 1s 
composed of the two lateral petals and a 
median one which, by its alteration in shape, 
is termed the labellum. A common event is 
for this labellum to revert to its original, or 
flat, shape, quite similar to the two lateral 
petals; the flower assumes a regular condi- 
tion, and such events are termed regular 
peloria. But there is another method, much 
more rare, by which the three segments of 
the inner whorl may become alike, and this is 
by the petals assuming the form of the 
labellum. The flower thus becomes balanced, 
or regular, by the addition of other irregular 
segments. For examples such as these the 
term irregular peloria is used. It is of this 
later class that Mr. Davidson’s specimen 
belongs, for the petals have attempted to form 
other labellum-like segments by copying the 
yellow markings of the throat and _ lip, 
although they have not gone so far as to 
acquire the particular convolute shape which 
distinguishes the labellum from the other 
segments. The attempt, interesting as it is, 
may best be described as incomplete irregular 
peloria. This variety appears constant, Mr. 
Davidson having had _ similarly 
flowers during previous years. 


ra 


Ss 
if 


marked 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[July, 1913. 


VANILLA CULTIVATION. 


N view of recent efforts to extend the 
| Vanilla industry in the West Indies, the 
Agricultural Department of St. Vincent 
imported a number of plants of V. planifolia 
from the Seychelles. Some of these were 
distributed to an estate situated at an eleva- 
tion of 1,500 feet in the mountains, where the 
average rainfall is over 120 inches. 

The Agricultural News of the West 
Indies (XII., No. 286) gives some interesting 
particulars of how Mr. Huggins has secured 
success in their treatment :—“ The lands are 
surrounded by high hills covered with forest. 
The Vanilla vines are planted in small 
sheltered clearings in the forest where the 
soil is of good depth, light, and rich in 
vegetable matter. After many trials in the 
endeavour to find a satisfactory support for 
the vines, it was found that they thrived 
well on stems of the tree fern (Cyathea 
arborea).” 

The usual methods for the pollination of 
the flowers and the cultivation and pruning 
of the vines was adopted, although it is in the 
curing of the pods that there appears to be 
some difference from former ways. The 
method of Mr. Huggins is stated as follows: 
—“After being drained, the pods are 
wrapped in the leaves of a native large-leaved 
aroid called ‘Chainey, and placed in a box 
for four or five days to ferment. When the 
pods have assumed a soft brown maroon 
colour they are taken out and placed on 
leaves in the drying house. This drying 
house is well ventilated, and arranged with 
shelves covered with }-inch mesh galvanised 
wire netting. The pods are spread out in a 
single layer and constantly ‘smothered’ and 
turned until they assume a very dark brown 
colour, silky feel, and possess a_ supple 
consistency. They are then sorted into 
lengths and grades and packed in bundles in 
tins.” 

Mr. Huggins states that quite 25 per cent. 
of his pods split in curing. This he con- 
siders to be due, in a large measure, to the 
difficulty of picking each pod at just the right 
stage of ripeness. 


July, 1913.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 22 


ESSOCHILUS: HORSEALLIL 


In the ORCHID WORLD of February, 1913, 
page 100, appear two photographs and a 
description of this Orchid which I grew on 
my veranda in Uganda. I described how 
this plant, which in its wild state is known 
only as a swamp Orchid, grew so luxuriantly 
under very different conditions. The plant 
sent up a further and larger spike in 
November last which developed 54 flowers. 

It occurred to me then that it would be 
interesting to lift the plant and observe its 
root system, more particularly for the benefit 
of those who are endeavouring to grow the 
plants of this genus in England. The two 
photographs show what a _ vigorous root 
system it has. 

To cultivators in England this should 
suggest a drastic change in the treatment 
hitherto given these plants. In all the 
attempts I have seen at the cultivation of 
Lissochilus the same mistakes have been 


Lissochilus Horsfallii, the root system. 


Lissochilus Horsfallii, the plant after removal. 


made, ze, the plants were grown in an 
atmosphere too moist and shady, in recep- 
tacles not nearly large enough, and in 
unsuitable compost. 

The Lissochilus tubers in their wild state 
are found 9-12 inches below the surface of 
the ground. The soil is a strong yellow 
loam. The stronger kinds, such as Horsfallii 
and giganteus, have roots three feet long, and 
thicker than a lead pencil. Imagine such 
plants being expected to develop in leaf soil 
and moss in a pan 4 inches deep! And yet 
this is what I saw recently in a famous 
collection. 

Very little success has yet been met with 
in the cultivation of this beautiful African 
genus, but I feel certain success would follow 
more rational treatment. These plants do not 
want the compost and damp, shady condi- 
tions which are found so_ beneficial to 
epiphytic Orchids, but plenty of root-room in 
good soil with almost full sunshine. Success 
may then be reasonably expected. 


Ernest Brown, F.L.S., Cranleigh, Surrey. 


bo 
iS) 
aS 


LAELIA JONGHEANA. 


by a man named Libon, who was sent 
out to Brazil by M. de Jonghe, of 
Brussels. The date seems rather uncertain, 
although Reichenbach, when he described the 
species from a plant which flowered at Paris 


| ZELIA JONGHEANA was discovered 


in 1872, remarked, “If I mistake not, I 
remember to have seen the plant in 1850 with 
M. de Jonghe. 

In the year 1873 it flowered with Messrs. 
Veitch and Sons, and was figured in the 
Botanical Magazine, t. 6,038. During the 
next ten years it was represented in several 
collections, but appears to have become 
gradually lost until 1898, when Messrs. Sander 
and Sons imported it as Lelia species. The 
following year one of the plants from this 
importation flowered with Messrs. A. J. 
Keeling and Sons, and proved to be Lelia 
Jongheana. 

Mr. E. Kromer, an authority on Brazilian 
Orchids, states that this species comes from 
Central Brazil, from the State of Munas 
Geraes, where it grows on trees at an eleva- 
tion of 2,000 feet. Cool treatment is 
eminently suitable, the Odontoglossum house 
being quite warm enough during the summer 
months. 

The flowers, which are produced without a 
sheath, are borne one to three on short stalls, 
and are of a bright rose-purple colour. The 
lip much crisped and with numerous bright 
yellow ridges which give a very distinct 
appearance to the flower. The flowering 
season is early spring. The species does not 
vary very much in colour, two notable 
exceptions being L. Jongheana Kromeri, in 
which the flowers are very dark, and L. 
Jongheana Ashworthiz, in which the flowers 
are silvery-white. A distinct variety having 
the petals mottled with a darker tint has 
recently appeared in the collection of Capt. 
Robert Twiss, Bird Hill, Limerick. 

Hybrids of Lelia Jongheana are not so 
numerous as those from other species of 
longer cultivation. Lzelio-Cattleya Baroness 
Schréder (Trianze x Jongheana), which first 
flowered in August, 1892, is the only one from 


DHE, “ORCHID WORLD: 


[July, 1913. 


the early collected plants. All the remainder 
are from plants imported by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons, and other collectors. 

The following is believed to be a complete 
list : — 

Lelia Gwennie (J. x Cowan), raised and 
flowered by Mr. R. G. Thwaites, February, 
1904. Flowered in the remarkably short time 
of two years and six months from the date of 
seed sowing. 

L. De Geestiana (J. x flava), M. de Wavrin, 
July, 1904. The alba variety flowered with 
Mr. N. C. Cookson, November, 1905. It had 
white sepals and petals, and was the result of 
using L. Jongheana alba. 

L. Daphne (J. x tenebrosa), Sir George 
Holford, July, 1906. 

L. Sidneana (cinnabarina x J.), Mr. H. A. 
Tracy, September, 1907. 

L. Adrienne (J. x prestans), M. de Wavrin, 
December, 1907. 

L. lynwoodensis (J. x harpophylla), Mr. J. J. 
Neale, February, 1910. 

L. chamonicensis (purpurata x J.), Mr. E. F. 
Clark, June, rgro. 

L. Jessica (J. x Coronet), Mr. E. F. Clark, 
April, r91t. 

Lelio-Cattleya Baroness Schroder (Triane 
x J.), Baron Schroder, August, 1892. Inter- 
esting for being the first Jongheana hybrid, 
and remaining the only one for a period of 
eleven and a half years. 

L.-C. Gamma (J. x L.-C. Ernestii), Mr. N. C. 
Cookson, February, 1905. 

L.-C. Sunset (Percivaliana x J.), Sir George 
Holford, September, 1900. 

L.-C. Olivia (Schréderz x J.), Sir George 
Holford, March, 1907. 

L.-C. Daffodil (JJ. x L.-C. Mercia), Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, March, 1908.  L. 
Jongheana alba was used in this instance, 
resulting in a very bright yellow flower. 

L.-C.. Pizarro (J. x aurea), Sir Georce 
Holford, March, 1908. 

L.-C. Oberon (Mendelii x J.), Sir George 
Holford, June, 1900. 

L.-C. Wilsoni (J. x Hardyana), Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, April, 1g1o. 

L.-C. Nereus (J. x L.-C. Pallas), Messrs. 
Armstrong and Brown, June, 1911. 


July, 1913. ] tHe ORCHID. \WORED: 


Sophro-Lzela grangefieldensis (S. grandi- 
flora x J.), Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
December, 1905. 


to 
to 
un 


S.-L. Phroso (J. x S.-L. Orpetii), Sir George 
Holford, July, 1900. 


Aerides Sandzriana and Vanda Sanderiana, a wonderful specimen. 


VANDA AND AERIDES. 


HIS highly interesting and unique 
“le illustration shows Vanda Sanderiana 
and Aerides Sanderiana growing 
together in one huge mass, just as they 


were discovered when in full bloom by 
VOL. III. 


Mr. Micholitz, the well-known collector for 
Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 
These wonderful specimens were found in 
their native habitat, growing on the Rhizo- 
phora, that marvellous mangrove tree, of 
which the branches emit roots into the sur- 
rounding mud, and thus perform a most 


29 


226 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


important part in the economy of Nature by 
wresting annually from the ocean fresh 
portions of land. This is effected by the 
germinating seeds, which do not leave the tree 
until they have actually formed small trees in 
themselves. These, with their ready pre- 
pared roots, then drop into the water and 
take possession of the mud in advance of 
their parent stems. 

Some idea of the means that should be 
employed to successfully cultivate these fine 
Orchids may be gathered by studying the 
conditions under which they flourish in their 
native habitat. Suspended among the 
branches of the Rhizophora trees, with 
their roots entwined around the stems and 
branches for security, there are many other 
free roots apparently seeking an object to 
which they may also cling. Underneath this 
mass of vegetation the swampy ground is 
more or less flooded with salt water during 
the growing season. 

Overhead the sun shines fiercely, causing 
a reeking humidity. The rainfall and sun- 
shine is about four times as great as is usual 
in Great Britain, while the shade temperature 
by day is from 70-90 degrees Fahr., falling 
very considerably at night, thereby causing an 
immense amount of moisture in the form of 
thick vapour, which at higher elevations 
becomes almost impenetrable, with a very 
chilly atmosphere. 

The flowers of these two Orchids are well 
known ; they are, and will remain, quite sen- 
sational, for it seldom falls to the lot of any 
one man to introduce the “facile princeps” 
of two such splendid genera. The photo- 
graph does not show either of them at their 
best, the spikes of the Aerides appear short, 
whereas under cultivation branching racemes 
have been produced upwards of two feet in 
length, the individual blossoms being very 
large—the largest in the genus—creamy- 
white, tipped with magenta, the side lobes 
clear yellow, frilled at the edges, the column 
resembling a bird’s head. The flowers have 
a seductive honey-like odour, which is 
copiously emitted at night. 

The history of Vanda Sanderiana has been 
already written (ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IL, 


[July, 1913. 


p. 53), and its beauty so well known that we 
need not again go into a description of this 
king of the Vandas. What is really wanted 
is the knowledge of how to grow, and keep 
growing, these exceptionally fine Orchids. 
We have advanced greatly during the last 
few years in cultivating to perfection many 
genera and species, but there is still a great 
field for clever growers to work in. Let 
them take the subjects of our photograph, 
which is reproduced to show how luxuriantly 
these species grow in their native home, also 
Vanda Hookeriana, Bollea ccelestis, Arach- 
nanthe Cathcartii, Coryanthes macrantha, 
Cypripedium Stonei, Oncidium  crispum 
grandiflorum, Grammangis Ellisu, Phaius 
tuberculosus, and other similarly magnificent 
though difficult Orchids to grow, and culti- 
vate them into specimens. If these could be 
kept growing it would be a great achieve- 
ment, and well worthy of our best growers 
greatest efforts. As it is, these splendid 
Orchids come into Europe on rare occasions, 
are seen once or twice, and then lost and 
almost forgotten. Great as our advance 
in cultivation has surely been, there is 
undoubtedly much more still to accomplish. 


NEW ORCHIDS. 


RECENT issue of the Kew Bulletin 

A contains the 4oth Decade of new 

Orchids, with Latin descriptions by 

Mr. R. A. Rolfe. The following particulars 
are given :— 

STELIS BARBATA, from Costa Rica— 
Flowered at Kew in November, 1912. The 
flowers are ochreous green, with numerous 
rather long purple hairs on the sepals, a broad 
red-purple blotch on the upper part of the 
petals, and a smaller blotch on the front lobe 
of the lip. 

ERIA (CYLINDROLOBUS) TRILAMELLATA, 
from Siam.—Sent to Kew from Bangkok and 
flowered in the collection, February, 1913. 
The bracts are light emerald-green, and the 
flowers white, with a light brown front lobe 
and a very hairy brown keel in front. The 
short lateral keels and base of the lip are also 


July, 1913-] 


stained with the same colour, and there is a 
round yellow blotch on the base of the 
column and a brown papillose blotch on the 
front of the column foot. 

ACANTHOPHIPPIUM SINENSE, from the 
Swatow District of China—Collected on the 
Han Expedition, April, 1909. 

CYCNOCHES COOPERI, from S. Peru— 
Flowered with Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
January, 1913, when it received an Award of 
Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. 
The plant is now in the collection of the 
Rev. J. C. B. Fletcher, Mundham Vicarage, 
Chichester, who forwarded materials for 
description and preservation. The sepals and 
petals are light mahogany-brown, the side 
lobes of the lip whitish, and the column dull 
purple. The female flowers are not yet 
known. 

ONCIDIUM BIDENTATUM, from Ecuador.— 
Sent for determination by Mrs. Lipscomb, 
Wimbledon, who received it from her son 
when residing in Ecuador. The flowers are 
yellow, with a large amount of brown on the 
sepals and petals, and on the basal half of 
the lip. 

DENDROCOLLA PRICEI, from Formosa. 
Sent to Kew in 1912 by Mr. W. R. Price, and 
flowered in the collection in February of the 
following year. The flowers are semi-pellucid 
white, with transverse brown bars on the sac 
of the lip, two orange blotches at the inner 
angles of the side lobes, and an orange apex 
to the crest. 

CLEISOSTOMA ACUMINATUM, from For- 
mosa, whence it had been brought by Mr. 
H. J. Elwes, and flowered in his collection at 
Cheltenham, February, 1913—The sepals 
and petals are yellowish-green, with one or 
two large transverse purple blotches, and the 
lip cream-white with a little yellow at the 
junction of the front and side lobes. The 
description is made from an inflorescence and 
a photograph of the plant. 

MYSTACIDIUM GRACILLIMUM, from 
Uganda—F lowered in the Royal Botanic 
Gardens, Glasnevin, in December, IgI!1, 
and again a year later. The flowers are 
semi-pellucid white. 

GLOSSULA CALCARATA, from S. China.—— 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


to 
iS) 
N 


Originally collected on the Lo-fau-shan 
Mountains by Mr. C. Ford, and distributed as 
Glossula tentaculata, Lindl., and afterwards 
in Hongkong by Dr. E. A. Voretzsch. The 
spur is clavate, and three times as long as 
G. tentaculata, to which it bears a general 
resemblance in other respects. The stigmatic 
processes are not clavate, as in Habenaria. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


LALIO-CATTLEYA BASKETTZ.—A  deli- 
cately tinted flower comes from the collection 
of Mr. Eustace F. Clark, Evershot, Dorset. 
The parents are L.-C. eximia (Warneri x 
purpurata) x Schrédere, and the seedling was 
purchased at the sale of Mr. Larkin’s plants, 
1911. In general, the flower much resembles 
the well-known L.-C. Fascinator (purpurata 
x Schréderee), the Warneri having only slight 
influence, but it may be more apparent in 
other varieties from the same seed-pod. It is 
worthy of note that in this hybrid the fine 
variety of Schrédere called The Baron was 
used. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA HIBERNIA. — Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have produced a_ very 
effective and distinctly coloured hybrid by 
crossing C. Schréderaze with L.-C. bletch- 
leyensis (tenebrosa x Warscewiczii). The 
tenebrosa influence has imparted a rare 
copper colour tint to the otherwise rose- 
coloured flower, the labellum, especially the 
throat, being rather darker than other parts. 

LALIO - CATTLEYA CALEDONIA. — C. 
Mendelu crossed with L.-C. bletchleyensis 
has given a very pretty result, in which the 
petals are flushed with purple along their 
median line, and the labellum much crisped, 
and of rose-purple colour. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 

L#&LIO-CATTLEYA LADY ROBERTS.—A 
very handsome hybrid was shown by Mr. 
Francis Wellesley at the Royal Horticultural 
Society, June 3rd, 1913. The parents are 
L.-C. Euphrosyne (Dayana x Warscewiczii) 
and C. aurea, resulting in a large and rich 
rose-purple flower, the broad labellum dark 
crimson, veined with gold. 


ho 
ho 
[o'a) 


ODONTOGLOssUM DEMA.—This hybrid 
was obtained by crossing Thompsonianum 
with cirrhosum. In many ways it closely 
resembles the former parent, but the influence 
of cirrhosum has widened the flower and 
imparted a twisted nature to the ends of the 
segments. Shown by Mr. H. S. Goodson, 
Royal Horticultural Society, June 3rd, 1913. 

L@LIO-CATTLEYA EpITH BLYTH—A 
useful addition to the bright coloured Leelio- 
Cattleyas has been produced by crossing 
L. Nora (cinnabarina x xanthina) with L.-C. 
Cappei (cinnabarina x gigas). Sepals and 
petals bright orange-buff; the broad, crisped 
lip rich crimson; column white _ slightly 
tinged with rose at the base. Raised by 
Mr. C. Alwyn Harrison, Ventimiglia, Italy. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA WHITE2.— This hybrid 
is the result of crossing C. Mossiz with L.-C. 
Vinesie (tenebrosa x MHippolyta). The 
sepals and petals have a distinct reddish tinge, 
no doubt derived from the cinnabarina 
ancestry, with a bluish-mauve median area. 
especially down the petals. The lip has the 
central area deep crimson-purple, with darker 
veins radiating more or less as in Mossie, 
and is somewhat incurved at the edge and 
apex. The throat is orange with reddish 
veining. Raised by Mr. Eustace F. Clark, 
Evershot, Dorset. 

SOPHROCATTLALIA VENUS. — Several 
plants have recently flowered from a batch 
of seedlings raised by Messrs. Hassall and 
Co., Southgate, and resulting from C. Men- 
dell crossed with S.-L. Psyche (S. grandi- 
flora x L. cinnabarina). The unexpected 
result was a yellow tint on the flowers when 
they first opened, but this gradually passed 
away, leaving the sepals and petals pure 
white and the labellum violet-purple. The 
segments of the flowers were rather narrow. 

ONcIDIODA BELLA.—An interesting 
addition to the Oncidiodas has been raised 
by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. The 
parents are C. Noezliana and O. Marshall- 
ianum, the latter species greatly predominating 
especially in the yellow colour, which remains 
almost unaltered. The petals are blotched 
on the centre with light brown, and there 
are numerous spots near the margin. <A 


THE ‘ORCHID “WORLD: 


[July, 1913. 


curious feature is the prominent development 
of the lateral lobes, or side wings, of the 
labellum. 


CATTLEYA CITRINA. 


O one in these days will fail to 
N recognise Cattleya citrina, either in 
the imported state or when in flower, 
for the whitish membrane covering the ovate 
bulbs, and the curious habit which it has of 
producing its flowers in pendulous style, are 
very distinctive features. So far back as the 
year 1015 we find Hernandez describing this 
plant under the wonderful name Corticoat- 
zontecoxochitl. The present name, Cattleya 
citrina, is that of Lindley, and dates from 
1824, although it was notantil 1838 that this 
Mexican species was introduced to the 
famous gardens at Woburn Abbey, since 
when it has remained a favourite with all 
amateur collectors. 

To see for the first time this plant in flower 
is to obtain a real impression of all that has 
been written regarding the epiphytic nature 
of an Orchid. Surely there can be nothing 
more interesting to the amateur than to see 
this plant growing on nothing else than a 
block of wood, and this suspended in mid-air 
to allow the golden-yellow flowers to show 
themselves in their fullest beauty and 
quaintness. 

But, alas, there is one great trouble 
attached to the cultivation of this plant—it 
cannot be kept growing for many years. 
Despite the most careful attention and every 
method of cultivation the imported plants 
gradually lose their native vigour and slowly 
decline, becoming at last total wrecks. 
Surely the man who can discover the secret 
of success in the culture of Cattleya citrina is 
worthy of every reward. 

There is, however, some satisfaction to be 
obtained from the fact that importations of 
the plants continue to arrive, and that up to 
the present time there has been little trouble 
experienced in obtaining sufficient supplies, 
but how long this scouring of the plants’ 


July, 1913.] 


native home is able to exist is more than we 
can say. Possibly, under the correct climatic 
conditions, plants grow with great rapidity in 
their native home, and all we can do is to 
hope that such may continue to be the case. 
To be deprived of this elegant and really 
Orchidaceous looking plant would indeed be 
one of the greatest losses ever sustained by 
amateurs. A large mass makes a fine 
exhibition plant, especially when placed on 
the stem of a tree fern, which should be about 
two feet high, and placed in a pot with the 
common, or some other, Selaginella growing 
on the stem of the fern. It was in this 
method that Mr. B. S. Williams, more than 
thirty years ago, showed at the Amsterdam 
International Exhibition a plant with about 
twenty flowers on it, when it was very greatly 
admired. 

In Robert Warner’s “Select Orchidaceous 
Plants,” 1881, Series III., Plate XVIII., there 
is an excellent coloured figure of this plant 
carrying four flowers, and, in the adjoining 
text, is the remarkable statement :—“ We 
should like to see this species fertilised with 
some of the more showy kind, such as C. 
Mossiz, C. Mendelii, etc., for we have no 
doubt that something might in this way be 
produced. It would be a great gain to get 
the yellow hue of this plant associated with 
the rich markings of our numerous high- 
coloured Cattleyas, so many of which bloom 
about the same time.” 

Ever since this was written how much 
has been attempted and how little done. 
Although more than thirty years have 
elapsed, there is still the same desire in the 
minds of hybridists, and, so far as it is 
possible to prophesy, this will continue for at 
least a similar period. 

Two prominent difficulties with regard to 
hybridisation are the delicate constitution of 
the plant, and the pendulous nature of the 
flower spikes. In the first case we find that 
even when seedlings have passed the initial 
stage they are so weak that further progress 
is rendered impossible. On the other hand, 
almost all the allied plants with which it will 
hybridise produce their flowers in an erect 

VOL. II. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 229 


state, and on that account there will always 
remain a very undecided point as to whether 
the growth and flowers of the seedlings will 
be produced in a horizontal and intermediate 
position, or whether they will acquire the 
pendulous habit of citrina, or the erect nature 
of other species. 

The following is a complete list of the 
recorded hybrids :— 

Cattleya citrino-intermedia was raised in 
the collection of Dr. Harris, of Lamberhurst, 
and first flowered in November, 1887, when 
6% years old. On October 23rd, 1888, it was 
shown at the Royal Horticultural Society by 
Baron Schréder, and received a First-class 
Certificate under the name Lamberhurst 
hybrid. 

Lelio-Cattleya Seraph is the result of 
crossing L.-C. elegans with C. citrina. It 
was shown by Mr. Ingram, of Godalming, at 
the Royal Horticultural Society, August, 
1896, and received an Award of Merit. 

Cattleya Shakersii is a hybrid between C. 
citrina and C. Aclandia, and was raised by 
Mons. Fanyau in 1904. 

Brasso-Cattleya H. G. Alexander is the 
result of crossing C. citrina with B. Digbyana. 
It bears the name of its raiser, and first 
flowered at Westonbirt, March, 1907. During 
the same month it received an Award of 
Merit, Royal Horticultural Society. 

Cattleya Butleri was produced by crossing 
C. citrina with C. Schilleriana. It flowered in 
Mr. W. Waters Butler’s collection, November, 
IQII. 

Lelio-Cattleya Freak is the latest addition 
to the list, and was raised in the Warnham 
Court collection by crossing C. citrina with 
L. purpurata. When exhibited by Mr. C. J. 
Lucas at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
June 3rd, 1913, a Certificate of Appreciation 
was granted. 

Although the above are interesting in more 
ways than one, there is not much to say 
regarding their good qualities for future 
hybridisation, for, with the exception of a(Ce 
H. G. Alexander, all these hybrids have been 
produced with the use of purple coloured 

30 


230 THE ORCHID WORLD: 


species, and, as is almost always the case, the 
purple pigment entirely spoils the yellow. 

Cattleya aurea at once suggests itself as a 
suitable plant with which to work, but there 
will always remain the difficulty of obtaining 
both plants in flower at the same time, one 
usually blooming in the spring and the other 
in the autumn. B.-C. Mrs. J. Leemann may 
also be recommended, and so may most of 
the hybrids containing C. aurea, L. xanthina, 
and others of the yellow section. 

However successful the seed-raiser may be, 
it is very questionable whether the final 
flowering results will equal our expectations. 
To overcome the strong pendulous nature of 
the flower spike, and also the way in which 
the petals are closed in, instead of opening 
out flat, will require no small amount of 
patience and hard work. 


SOBRALIA MACRANTHA. 


by the Spanish botanists Ruiz and 

Pavon, who dedicated it to their 
friend Don Frangois-Martin Sobral. It 
consists of about thirty species, and has for 
its native habitat tropical America, although 
at the high altitude at which the plants are 
found the atmosphere is comparatively cool. 
Somewhat terrestrial in habit, the plants are 
usually found on mossy rocks well exposed to 
the sun. One traveller has seen a large part 
of a mountain side thickly covered with these 
plants, their reed-like stems waving to and 
fro with the breeze. 

The original description of S. macrantha 
appeared in Lindley’s Servtum Orchidaceum, 
18309, while the same author, in the Botanical 
Register, August, 1842, writes of the species 
as follows: —‘“A flower of the most delicate 
texture, of the richest crimson, and between 
seven and eight inches in diameter, growing 
on the summit of a reedy stem, will give the 
reader some notion of the magnificence of 


‘lie genus Sobralia was created in 1793 


[July, 1913. 


this rare plant, as it is now flowering in the 
garden of the Horticultural Society, from 
specimens sent from Guatemala by Mr. 
Hartweg. Or it may be compared, for the 
flowers, to a huge Cattleya. It is one of the 
terrestrial species, and apparently easy 
enough to cultivate in a cool stove; but it is 
at present in few collections, no one liking to 
divide the roots until something more shall 
have been heard of its habits. It is stated 
by Mr. Skinner that each flower-head will go 
on blossoming for many weeks successively, 
provided the faded blooms are pulled off 
before they decay. We have nothing like 
this in our garden, yet ; nor is there anything 
finer of the race to be introduced. It is the 
leader of the créme of its order.” 

This species is also the subject of an 
interesting note by Darwin in his Fer¢zz- 
sation of Orchids. He ~ wrote:—* Mr. 
Cavendish Browne informs me that he saw a 
large humble-bee enter a flower of Sobralia 
macrantha in his hot house, and when it 
crawled out it had the two large pollen- 
masses firmly fixed to its back, nearer to the 
tail than to the head. The bee then looked 
about, and, seeing no other flower, re-entered 
the same one of the Sobralia, but quickly 
retreated, leaving the pollen-masses on the 
stigma, with the viscid discs alone adhering 
to its back. The nectar of this Guatemala 
Orchid seemed too powerful for our British 
bee, for it stretched out its legs and lay 
for a time as if dead on the labellum, but 
afterwards recovered.” 

The subject of our illustration is a noble 
specimen of S. macrantha alba in the collec- 
tion of Mr. J. Gurney Fowler, Glebelands, 
South Woodford. When the plant was 
exhibited at the recent Chelsea Show, and 
received a Cultural Commendation, it carried 
no less than 75 flowers and buds, although 
many others had previously been produced. 
The albino varieties of this species differ 
shghtly in the size of the yellow area in the 
throat, so it appears evident that they have 
not all originated from the same stock. The 
earliest albino to be recorded received the 
name of S. macrantha Kienastiana, in honour 
of Herr Kienast Zolly, of Zurich. 


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232 THE ORCHID WORLD. [July, 1913. ‘ July, 1913.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 233 


A portion of the Gold Medal group exhibited by Messts.\Charlesworth & Co. at the Chelsea Show, May, 1913. 
The new Cymbidium Htbblotii is in the centre. 


234 


THE VORCHID WORLD: 


By," 
* 


A 


ae 


ee * 


~ 


Two pretty views in the Establishment of Messrs. Stuart Low G Co., Bush Hill Park, 
Enfield. The top one shows the entrance to the warm houses, the lower one the entrance 


to the cool houses. 


its Pantiles and Royal connections of 

the past, has an attractive spot at 
Broadlands, Camden Park, the residence of 
Ernest R. Ash- 
ton, Esq., who 
for more than 
fifteen years 
has been inter- 
ested in Orchid 
culture. 


3 UNBRIDGE WELLS, so historic with 


In his jour- 
neys to far dis- 
tant countries 
Mr. Ashton has 
seen many of 
Phe@ maget.we 
homes of 
Orchids, and 
has not failed 
to note the con- 
ditions under 
which they 
thrive, as well 
as securing 
specimens for 
his present col- 
lection. When 
visiting Jamaica 
he secured the 
curious Brassia 
maculata and the crimson flowering Brough- 
tonia sanguinea, while at Grenada the pretty 
Diacrium bicornutum was collected. Port of 
Spain, Trinidad, also visited, and 
here Mr. Ashton found a superior type of 
Oncidium Papilio, a very fine specimen of 
which was being cultivated by one of the 
natives in his own garden. No amount of 


Was 


he Broadlands Collection. Uh 


Ernest R. Ashton, Esq. 


_—_———_———— ae é 
—— pe ee 2 | 
oa eee | 
TUNBRIDGE } 
L WELLS, ° 


money would induce the owner to part with 
his dearly loved treasure, although for a small 
sum, equal to twopence in English money, 
one of the natives would climb up a tall tree 
and obtain 
some plants. A 


few of these 
were purchased 
and are now 


growing freely 
in the Broad- 
lands collec- 
tion. Mr. Ash- 
ton has also 
journeyed to 
Australia, but 
the somewhat 
uninteresting 
nature of the 
Orchids there 
and the long 
homeward voy- 
age did not 
encourage him 
to secure any 
plants. 

The  up-to- 
date construc- 
tion -.of the 
houses is of 
much interest 
to Orchid growers. In order to obtain as 
much internal air space as possible the ground 
is excavated to the depth of from 12 to 
18 inches below the lattice path and side 
staging. Along each side of the central path 
a wall of porous bricks is constructed to 
support the staging and with the chief object 
of maintaining a regular temperature and 


to 


THE - ORCHID: WORLD. 


Cattleya Oberon (Fabia xX Hardyana). 
A beautiful hybrid in the Broadlands Collection. 


[July, 1913. 


July, 1913.] THE ORCHID WORLD. 237 


moist condition of the atmosphere. These 
bricks absorb considerable heat and moisture, 
which is given off directly any change in the 
atmosphere takes place. Should by any 
chance the fire go out on a cold night, it is 
found that the large amount of heat-holding 
material inside the house greatly assists in 
preventing a rapid fall in the temperature. 

The side staging is made of narrow strips 
of wood preserved by red oxide paint. About 
two feet below this construction galvanised 
T-irons are placed in such manner that porous 
tiles can be arranged either as a solid under- 
stage or else widely separated to allow of 
free air circulation. During winter time the 
former method is used in order to prevent the 
dry heat from the hot-water pipes affecting 
the plants, while in summer time the latter 
style allows plenty of cool, moist air to reach 
the plants. 

Although the sides of these houses are 
constructed with panes of glass, there is a 
second inner pane of ground glass, which not 
only affords shade to the plants but acts as 
an effectual means of keeping out the cold. 
The sash bars are arranged in such way that 
the lower or drip preventing portion 1s 
slightly shorter at its lower end in order to 
allow the condensed moisture to fall on to the 
brick wall beneath instead of trickling down 
the glass sides as is usually the case. Lath 
roller blinds are used for shading, and the 
corridor connecting the houses is utilised for 
potting and cleaning the plants. 

The Odontoglossum house has been quite 
an attraction during the last few months, 
many of the plants having carried strong 
flower spikes. Of these, one may mention 
Jasper, with 33 flowers, crispum Mrs. Peeters, 
a very pretty variety of Doris, and a hand- 
some form of eximium. A new and promising 
hybrid is Phocis, the result of crossing Phoebe 
with Solon. There is also a good variety of 
illustrissimum. 

Odontoglossum Wilhamsianum grows 
here with much vigour, and considering the 
long flower stalk and the great number of 
blooms it is strange that it does not more 
often take the place of grande. Species 
which are represented by specimens include 


crispum Rossendale, easily distinguished from 
other varieties by its dark bronze foliage, 
crispum Oakdene Surprise, and nzvium with 
its fairy-like flowers. 

Lycaste Skinneri is represented by several 
specimens, Cymbidium Wiganianum by a 
distinct yellow form, and Masdevallia 
Harryana by the elegant Leyswood variety, 
now carrying 13 flowers, and one of the finest 
forms of the species. In this cool house are 
also grown several strong plants of Epiden- 
drum vitellinum and many specimens of 
Dendrobium infundibulum, for under cool 
treatment this latter species succeeds far 
better than when its cultivation is attempted 
along with the heat-loving kinds. 

No collection is now considered complete 
without a varied selection of Odontiodas. At 
Broadlands the pretty Adrastia (Bonhofie x 
crispum), wickhamensis with  rose-violet 
flowers, and Vuylstekeze may be noticed. A 
good plant of Odontioda rosefieldiensis 
(trrumphans x Neezliana) has very bright 
orange-scarlet flowers. 

Cattleyas are an equal favourite with Mr. 
Ashton, and, judging by the rapid headway 
which they have recently made, some very 
fine specimens will soon be produced. Almost 
all the species are represented, many fine 
varieties having lately been acquired. C. 
Mossiz Wagner and C. Mossiz Reineckiana 
are two well-known albinos. C. labiata Hon. 
James Lowther, and C. labiata alba from Mr. 
J. J. Holden’s collection are choice varieties. 
C. Skinneri is represented by a pure white 
form and by the very dark one known as 
Temple’s variety. 

Hybrids are well represented. The beau- 
tiful Cattleya Oberon (Fabia x Hardyana), of 
which we give an illustration, and Brasso- 
Cattleya Madame Jules Hye (Digbyana x 
Harrisoniana), both received Awards of Merit 
at the Orchid Conference held by the Royal 
Horticultural Society, November 5th, 1913, 
while many medals for groups have also been 
secured. C. Lord Rothschild delicata and C. 
Fabia Vigeriana have recently been pur- 
chased from the Muller-Abeken sale. A very 
pretty hybrid is to be seen in C. Alcimeda, 
produced by crossing Gaskelliana alba with 


iS) 
OO 
oo 


labiata Gilmour, and also in C. Fabia alba. 
C. Suzanne Hye de Crom is another elegant 
flower. 

Lelio-Cattleyas include Marion, described 
in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IL, page 218; 
Lady Miller, a fine specimen with 20 flowers 
of cimnabar-red colour; Smilax, a charming 
hybrid derived from C. Enid x L.-C. Charles- 
worthu; and Aureole, obtained by crossing 
luminosa with Iris. There are also many 
good plants of Canhamiana alba, Hippolyta, 
and Wellsiana. Other hybrids include 
Sophrocattlelia Marathon and C. Mendelii x 
S.-C. Psyche. 

In another house are strong plants of the 
Swan Orchid, Cycnoches chlorochilon, Chysis 
aurea, and Mormodes pardinum, with lght 
yellow flowers spotted with brownish red. 
Thunia Veitchiana (Bensoniz x Marshalliana), 
various Oncidiums, and the scarce Lelia 
harpophylla are also cultivated. 

Mr. Ashton obtains considerable pleasure 
from his collection, which promises to grow 
into one of no small importance. In the 
practical part he has an able worker in Mr. 
A. Young, whose method of culture appears 
eminently satisfactory. 


~ ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. 
Te warm and sunny days of summer 


are ideal for the cultivation of 

Cattleyas, Lalas, and the various 
hybrids which have been produced by 
crossing the many species of these two 
genera. Cattleya hybrids have been brought 
to a state of perfection hitherto thought 
impossible, and Lelio-Cattleyas contain 
varieties having shades of colour which were 
never dreamed of in the early days of 
hybridisation. Years ago the amateur often 
gave up the culture of certain classes of 
Orchids because he was unable to find plants 
suitable to the atmosphere of his greenhouse ; 
but in these days there is such a vast number 
to select from that no difficulty will be 
experienced in purchasing those both pleasing 
to himself and agreeable with the climatic 
conditions under which their cultivation is 
attempted. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[July, 1913. 


The youngest amateur is familiar with the 
prominent species, and before he has had 
many seasons of experience he can easily 
discriminate between the good and the bad 
varieties. Everyone has his own particular 
fancy, and while one amateur will enjoy the 
sight of a certain variety, another grower may 
criticise its weal points and refuse it a place 
in his collection. There are, however, many 
varieties of the various species which are 
acknowledged by one and all to be far ahead, 
in the way of distinctness and beauty, from 
others of their kind. Now if the amateur 
acquires a few of these notabilities, he not 
only has something which will interest his 
friends, but something that careful cultivation 
will well reward him for ‘his trouble and 
expenditure. There is always a good market 
for propagated plants of unquestionable 
merit. 

When purchasing plants of species the 
amateur would do weil to obtain only those 
that are quite healthy and vigorous. Back 
bulbs and starved plants can only success- 
fully be grown by experienced cultivators, 
and even then considerable skill and patience 
are required before the flowers are produced 
in their finest form. Large, strong plants 
cost more to acquire, but they are the most 
satisfactory, and by far the cheapest in the 
end. 

With seedling and hybrid Orchids there 
is less to fear, for, taken on the whole, these 
are of a healthier nature and of stronger 
constitution. The amateur will experience 
no difficulty in cultivating small seedling and 
propagated plants so long as he gives them 
the requisite attention. All small plants of 
the Cattleya and Lelia section, whether 
seedlings or young plants produced from the 
back bulbs, require a moist and warm 
atmosphere. To attempt to grow them in a 
dry and airy house, which may be suitable for 
large plants, is almost sure to bring about 
poor results. The growth made under these 
conditions is hard and of a dwarf nature, and 
the plants take an unreasonable length of 
time in reaching the flowering stage. More- 
over, the owner soon tires of the trouble in 
attending to their wants, with the result that 


July, 1913-] 


the plants are put in an out of the way place 
where they soon perish entirely. Very much 
of the young amateur’s early disappointment 
is caused by his attempt to cultivate plants 
only suitable for the man of long practical 
experience. 

The long bulbed section of Lzlias prove of 
considerable use for hybridisation purposes, 
both for colour and quantity of flower, 
although it must be admitted that they are 
sometimes of rather a starry nature. Still, 
there is one great advantage which they 
possess—the comparative ease with which 
they can be raised from seed. Almost every- 
one is familiar with Lelia cinnabarina, a 
species which has been much used on account 
of its brilhantly coloured flowers. Seed pro- 
duced by this species, either as a mother or 
pollen parent, is the easiest of any to 
germinate, and it is very suitable material for 
the amateur when commencing his work of 
seed-raising. By carefully noting upon which 
compost and under what atmospheric con- 
ditions the best germinative results are 
procured, so will experience and future 
success be obtained. It is no use stating 
certain temperatures and times of watering as 
being absolutely necessary, for in every house 
where Orchids are grown the structure and 
position are so varied that such details may 
often lead to further difficulties. Every culti- 
vator must carefully discern for himself the 
daily, or even hourly, condition of the com- 
post and atmosphere. A few hours’ neglect, 
such as may happen with a sudden outburst 
of sunshine, is quite sufficient to severely 
damage a tender seedling, and the smaller 
this seedling 1s, so much more risk is there 
attached to its cultivation. 

Those amateurs who cannot afford sufficient 
time for the proper care of young seedlings 
will obtain far more satisfactory results by 
purchasing comparatively large plants from 
one of the many firms now engaged in the 
seed-raising industry. Plants with about five 
good bulbs may reasonably be expected to 
flower on the completion of the next new 
growth, and quick results are easily obtained. 
A strongly established plant will withstand a 
large amount of ill-treatment before it reaches 


THE -ORCHID WORLD. 239 


such a low state of vitality as to cease 
flowering. So that even if the amateur is 
unable to give his plants the treatment 
essential for their increase of size, he, at least, 
has something that will give him pleasure 
by producing elegant flowers for several 
successive seasons. 

Now while some amateurs prefer to pur- 
chase their plants when in flower, and thus 
select only the finest forms, or those suitable 
to their taste, there are others who always 
acquire large quantities of unflowered 
seedlings, and obtain pleasure by watching 
the growing flower buds and wondering what 
their special charms will be. Many plants 
will be worthless from a commercial aspect, 
as those who have raised and flowered large 
quantities know only too well. The diff- 
culties experienced in obtaining a really first- 
rate hybrid fully justify the high price asked 
by those who raise seedlings on a commercial 
basis. 

Those amateurs who have visited some of 
the large establishments in which seedlings 
occupy much attention remember full well 
how astonished they were when they saw 
for the first time a whole house devoted to 
thousands of tiny seedlings, each in a little 
pot to itself. What will become of such an 
immense number of plants and how much 
room will they occupy before attaining 
flowering size are thoughts that immediately 
come to one’s mind. Yet this cultivation has 
been going on for many years and shows 
every likelihood of being increased in the 
near future, for as the high standard of an 
exhibition flower increases, so must the 
number of seedlings be increased in order 
to secure the good varieties. 

One may safely say that no amateur has 
attempted to count the seeds in an Orchid 
seed-pod; they are, in fact, countless and 
defy even our imaginative skill to form 
anything like a correct opinion. But, in all 
this vast number there may be ten or twenty 
which will ultimately produce very superior 
flowers, although there are no means whatever 
by which these special seeds can be detected. 
Every seed in the pod requires careful 
attention to bring it safely through the 


240 THE VORCHID SS WORED: 


germinative condition, and a further period 
of several years of necessary cultivation. It 
is only when the plants flower, after an 
average of some four or five years, that the 
owner can distinguish the good varieties 


[July, 1913. 


from the bad. Here, then, is one of the 
principal factors that will always impart to 
Orchids that rarity and value which allows 
them to stand out so prominently from all 
other forms of vegetable life. 


Odontoglossum Empress of India, a handsome hybrid, exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.. 
at the Chelsea Show, May, 1913. 


July, 1913-] 


ORGHID SALE. 


HE collection of Orchids formed by 
“ly the late Herr Gust. H. Muller-Abeken 
was sold by Messrs. Protheroe and 
Morris, at their auction rooms, Cheapside, 
London. The total sum realised was con- 
siderably over £3,000, the following being 
some of the highest figures :-— 

Cattleya Luege, 8 gns.; C. gigas, 18 gns. ; 
C. Hardyana alba, 11 gns.; C. vivicans, 
44 gns.; C. Lord Rothschild, 8 gns.; C. 
Empress Frederick alba, 15 gns.; C. 
Hardyana, 6 gns.; C. Luege var. Adelina, 
22 gns.; C. gigas var. J. Charlesworth, 
40 gns.; C. Peetersi alba, 10 gns.; C. Triane 
coerulea, 45 gns.; C. Mossiz Tracy’s var., 
8 gns.; C. Trianee The Premier, 24 gns.; C. 
Mendelii Prince Fushima, 7} gns.; C. labiata 
var. Mrs. G. H. Muller, 8 gns.; C. Mossi 
vestalis, 6 gns.; C. Trianz var. Frau von 
Bethman Holleveg, 13 gns.; C. Hildegarde, 
13 gns.; C. Maggie Raphael alba, 11 gns. ; 
C. Dowiana Rosita, 34 gns.; C. Luedde- 
manniana Empress, 34 gns.; C. Fabia, 7 gns.; 
C. Trianz coerulea var. Frau G. H. Muller- 
Abeken, 28 gns.; C. aurea Nankin, 10 gns.; C. 
Mossiz Wagneri var. Comte de Chavagnaes, 
24 gns.; C. Mossiz var. President Steyn, 
18 gns.; C. Mendelii His Majesty the 
King, 18 gns.; C. Mendelii var. Frau Lina 
Abeken, 14 gns.; C. Hardyana, 14 gns.; and 
C. labiata Gilmoure, 38 gns. 

Sophro-Cattleya Olive, 74 gns.; S.-C. 
Lottie Muller, 56 gns.; S.-C. Blacki, 44 gns. ; 
S.-C. Saxa, 5 gns.; S.-C. Thwaitesu, 73 gns. ; 
Sophrocattlelia Sandhaghiensis, 73 gns.; 
S 6 barbara Wilson, 17. -gns:; S.-C.-L. 
Marathon, 11 gns.; Brasso-Cattleya Abekenni, 
13 gns.; B.-C. The Baron, 73 gns.; Lycaste 
Stier alba, “Ir gns:; L. Skinner 
Armeniaca, 14 gns.; L. Skinner hellemensis, 
7h ons.; L. Hagha (natural hybrid), 10 gns. ; 
and Anguloa Cliftonu, © gns. 

Odontoglossum amabile, 8 gns.; O. 
ardentissimum var. Princess Juliana, © ens. ; 
O. amabile var. Sandhaghe, 14 gns.; O. 
Fascinator var. Kaiser Wilhelm, 14 gns.; O. 
eximium Charlesworthu, 20 gns.; O. Pesca- 
torei Charlesworthii, 30 gns.; and Odontonia 


THE ORCHID 


WORLD. 241 


Lairesse, 7 gns. Rhynchostylis retusa alba, 
32 ens. figured in the ORCHID WORLD, 
Wolke, p274,.and° Vol. TI, p. 74 


ROYALE “FORTICULTURAL 
BOGCIETY. 


june ssid), 1913: 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. 
Jas. O’Brien (hon. sec.), J. S. Moss, J. Wilson 
PotternaiGumey Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, F. 
Sander, S. Low, F. M. Ogilvie, J. Charles- 
worth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, G. Hunter, 
Woe Wiite= Si. Flory, W. Bolton, R. 
Brooman-White, de B. Crawshay, T. Arm- 
Strong, Wye, (Co. Curtis, J; E. Shill, Sir 
Harry J. Veitch and Baron Sturlen. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. 
Mr. Geo. Day), was awarded a Gold Medal 
for a very extensive group of Orchids, all of 
which were well-flowered and staged in good 
style. The varieties of Odontoglossum 
crispum included Waterloo, The Mikado, 
Fredericku, Mrs. Humphrey and H. S. 
Goodson. Others were Lord Carnarvon and 
Snowflake, of unrecorded parentage; the 
new Odontoglossum Dema (Thompson x 
cirrhosum), eximium Harry Goodson, and 
ardentissimum Herbert Goodson. Cattleyas 
were equally well shown, and included Mossiz 
Wageneri, Lawrenceana, 
various hybrids. 


Mendel, and 
One of the best groups 
staged by this well-known amateur. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
secured a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting exhibit of Lelio-Cattleya Fascinator 
and Canhamiana, the new L.-C. Hibernia and 
Caledonia, a large plant of Maxillaria 
fragrans with numerous’ white flowers, 
Miltonias, including Bleuana, St. André and 
vexillaria, and a pleasing variety of L.-C. 
Kathleen. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for a well-staged group of choice Orchids. 
At each end were superb plants of Coelogyne 


242 DE VORCHID SW ORD: 


pandurata, which had been cultivated from 
single bulbs, and now carried 12 and 13 
flowers on a spike. Cypripediums included 
3oltonu and callosum Sander. The centre 
was filled with many fine Odontiodas, and 
several species of botanical interest. 

Messrs. J. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good 
exhibit of Multonias, the yellow flowering 
Dendrobium Thwaitese Veitch’s variety, 
Thunia Veitchi, Lzlio-Cattleyas, of which 
Aphrodite was the best, and Masdevallias. 

E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford, Berks, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat 
group containing the handsome Odonto- 
glossum Aireworth; Cattleya Mossiz Golden 
Ray, with yellow markings on the petals ; 
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes; and 
Lelio-Cattleyas. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, obtained a Silver Banksian Medal for 
some choice specimens, the best being 
Miltonia vexillaria Empress Augusta Victoria, 
with 13 spikes; Zygopetalum Brewu; Lelio- 
Cattleya Canhamiana alba; and Vanda teres. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal 
for an attractive group, in which were several 
good Cattleya Mendel, C. Mossi, one of 
which named Fairy Queen had _ white 
sepals and petals; the golden Dendrobium 
Dixanthum;  Leelio-Cattleya Canhamiana 
Duchess, with white sepals and petals; and 
many well-flowered plants of their summer 
blooming type of Dendrobium formosum 
giganteum. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, 
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a pretty 
group of Odontoglossum hybrids, the white 
Cattleya Dusseldorfei, a very fine variety of 
Odontoglossum Uro-Skinneri, and Miltomia 
vexillarias. 

Messrs. W. B. Hartland, Cork, were 
awarded a Bronze Banksian Medal for a small 
group of various Orchids. 

Sir Trevor. Lawrence, Bart. Burford, 
showed several plants of Lzelio-Cattleya 
Canhamiana, L-C. Fascinator-Mossie, the 
rare Oncidium Clesn, and I[¢pidendrum 
organense. 


[July, 1913. 


Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, exhibited 
a very fine variety of Odontoglossum 
Aireworth. 

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, showed 
Odontoglossum triumphans Ladybird, and O 
Eva (cirrhosum x Kegeljani), a bright yellow 
hybrid. 

Ernest Mocatta, Esq. Woburn Place, 
Addlestone, sent Odontoglossum Jasper, of 
rich colour and carrying two good spikes. 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South 
Woodford, showed Odontoglossum crispum 
Ruth, a grand variety. 

E. R. Ashton, Esq., Tunbridge Wells, 
staged Odontioda Adrastia (Bohnhofize x 
crispum), of rose-pink colour. 

Mons. H. Graire, St. Amiens, France, 
showed Odontoglossum Saturne (nebulosum 
x crispo-Harryanum), dull yellow with brown 
spots. 

Francis Wellesley, Esq., Woking, exhibited 
Leelio-Cattleya Lady Roberts (L.-C. 
Euphrosyne x C. aurea), a richly coloured 
hybrid. 

R. Brooman-White, Esq., showed Odonto- 
glossum Wilckeanum The Kaiser, with a 
many flowered spike. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
showed the interesting Catasetum Colmanie ; 
two plants of C. Clifton, one with a male 
and the other with a female inflorescence ; 
and Epicasta Gatton Park variety, a 
particularly good form. 

Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, 
Wandsworth Common, staged Cattleya 
Mossie Imperiale, a large and richly coloured 
variety. 

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, staged several 
good forms of Cattleya Mossiz and Mendelui. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum Aireworth “Orchid Dene 
variety,” from E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford, 
Berks—A very broad petalled form, with all 
the segments nearly covered with reddish- 
purple blotches. 

Odontoglossum Lairessei (Edwardu x 
Cervantesii), from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. 
—An effective flower with the inner halves of 
the segments purple-red. 


July erorg.] 


Odontoglossum Neptune (crispum x nebu- 
losum), from Mons. H. Graire, Amiens——A 
much finer form than those previously seen. 
The flower blotched with bright purple-red, 
the lip having small spots in addition to the 
large blotch beneath the crest. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. W. Smith, gr. to Albert Pam, Esq., 
Malting Farm, Little Hallingbury, Bishop’s 
Stortford, for an extremely fine specimen of 
Cattleya Mossiez growing on a block of 
native wood collected four years ago. The 
plant carried over 100 flowers. 

To Mr. W. H. White, orchid grower to Sir 
Trevor Lawrence, for Epidendrum organense 
with 18 flower spikes. 


CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION 
To C. J. Lucas, Esq., for Lelio-Cattleya 


Freak (C citrina x L. purpurata), a curious 
hybrid intermediate between both parents. 


June 17th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah 
Colman, Bart., Sir Fred. Moore, Sir Harry J. 
Veitch, R. Brooman-White, Gurney Wilson, 
CC |) ueas, W:- Bolton, F. Sander, F. M. 
Ogilvie, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, A. 
McBean, J. E. Shill, J. Charlesworth, H. G. 
Plemader. A. Dye W. H. White, ‘C. H. 
Curtis, and S. W. Flory. 

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Engle- 
meld, Greer (re Mr.~j.:E. Shill), exhibited 
two very fine specimens of Cattleya Warsce- 
wiczu, each with four flowers on a spike, 
the variety delicata had blush-tinted flowers 
with a whitish margin, and the form Marga 
carried very dark flowers of large size. 
Cattleya Gaskelliana Fairy Queen and 
Odontoglossum crispum The Baroness 
obtained awards. 


J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 243 


Woodford, showed the elegant Odontioda 
Cooksoniz Fowler’s variety, which has 
previously been awarded a First-class Certifi- 
cate in 1912. The flowers were rich red, the 
tips of the segments being white. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq. Fairlawn, Putney 
(gr. Mr. G. E. Day), was awarded a Silver 
Banksian Medal for a neat group which 
included Odontoglossum eximium Goodsonii, 
O. Lambeauianum St. David, and a very 
richly marked variety of O. nebulosum, 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal 
for an interesting exhibit containing a well- 
flowered plant of Grammangis Ellisii, the 
interesting Peristeria elata, several good 
Odontoglossums, and Brassavola Digbyana. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal 
for an effective group in which were 
many Dendrobiums, the red Renanthera 
Imschootiana, Bulbophyllum siamense, and a 
remarkably large form of Oncidium crispum. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
secured a Silver Banksian Medal for a good 
group of Cattleyas, including many varied 
forms of C. Mossi, the one known as 
Fletcheri having white flowers with a faint 
blush tint. 

Mr. S. W. Flory, Twickenham, was 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine 
display of Cattleya Mendeli, C. Mossia, 
and Leelio-Cattleyas. Well-flowered plants 
of Oncidium unicorne were also shown. 

Francis Wellesley, Esq., . Westfield, 
Woking, exhibited Cattleya Mendelii His 
Majesty the King, a very broad _petalled 
flower of great beauty. F.C.C., Temple 
Show, 1908. 

Sir Mervyn Buller, Bart. Broomhill, 
Spratton, Northampton (gr. Mr. J. B. 
Dovey), exhibited Lzelio-Cattleya Martinetti 
“Cupatria,” a very beautiful form with 
richly coloured flowers. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, staged 
Lelho-Cattleya Macfarlanii, with a purple 
labellum margined with white, L.-C. 
Aphrodite King George, and L.-C. Martinetti, 
a distinct form, 


244 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontoglossum crispum The _ Baroness, 
from Baron Bruno Schroder, The Dell, 
Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill)—One 
of the largest and most beautiful varieties, 
although showing some suggestion that 
Pescatore1 had been connected with its 
formation. Petals of excellent shape, and 
with the sepals blotched and spotted with 
violet-purple, the violet tint of the reverse 
side showing through between the blotches. 
Lip large, elongated, blotched with chestnut- 
red. 

Cattleya Gaskelliana Fairy Queen, from 
Baron Bruno Schréder.—A very attractive 
flower, pure white with the exception of a 
slight rose tint on the labellum. 

Oncidioda Bella (Oncidium Marshallianum 
x Cochlioda Noezliana), from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—A very pretty result. 
See “New Hybrids.” 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. W. H. White, Orchid grower to 
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O,, 
Burford, for a fine specimen of Dendrobium 
Victoria Regina, with numerous blue and 
white flowers. The specimen had been 
cultivated in a cool house, which appears 
to be the best treatment for this species. 

To Mr. J. Davis, Orchid grower to J. 
Gurney Fowler, Esq. Glebelands, South 
Woodford, for a strong plant of Odontioda 
Cooksonie, Fowler's variety. 


YORKSHIRE GALA. 


HE Yorkshire Gala, held in the 
de Bootham Park, York, June 18th to 
20th, 1913, was a great success. The 
following awards were made for Orchids :— 
Messrs. James Cypher and Sons obtained 
the First Prize for a table of Orchids 
measuring 12 feet by 5 feet, arranged for 
effect. 

In the class for 12 Orchids in flower 
Messrs. Cypher and Sons were again first. 
The specimens included  Leelio-Cattleya 
Aphrodite with 14 flowers, L.-C. Canhamiana 


[July, 1913. 


with 15 blooms, and Epidendrum prismato- 
carpum with 10 spikes. The Second Prize 
was awarded to W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq, 
Hessle, whose specimens included Lelia 
tenebrosa “Walton Grange variety” and 
Ccelogyne pandurata. The Third Prize was 
given to Mr. E. H. Davidson, Twyford, 
Berks. 

For the best six Orchids Messrs. Cypher 
and Sons, Cheltenham, were first, Mr. Bur- 
kinshaw second, and Mr. E. H. Davidson 
third. Mr. Burkinshaw exhibited Cattleya 
Mossia Wageneri, and obtained the prize for 
the best single plant, as well as First Prize 
in the two classes open to amateurs, for six 
Orchids and three Orchids respectively. 

The Non-competitive Exhibits were 
specially attractive, the Large Gold Medal 
being awarded to Messrs. Mansell and 
Hatcher for a very fine group, in which 
Lelio-Cattleya Canhamiana alba and 
Miltonia vexillaria were prominent features. 

A Gold Medal was awarded to Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co. for a grand display. 
A Large Silver-gilt Medal to Messrs. Sander 
and Sons for a meritorious exhibit; and a 
Silver Medal to Mr. W. A. Manda, St. Albans, 
for specimen Cattleyas. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY 


May 15th, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Rev. J. 
Crombleholme (an the chair), Messrs. J. 
Cypher, Dr. Hartley, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, 
C. Parker, G. Weatherby, A. Warburton and 
H. Arthur (Secretary). 

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to A. 
Warburton, Esq., Haslingden, and a Large 
Silver Medal to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., 
Blackburn. 

The Rev. J. Crombleholme, Messrs. J. Stott, 
J. Birchenall and W. Shackleton also 
exhibited. 

AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cymbidium Gottianum and Lzlio-Cattleya 
Clarice gloriosa, from Col. J. Rutherford. 

Odontioda Schréderi “Highfield var.,” 
from Mr. W. Shackleton. 


AUGUSTMI3. 


—— er son anon ee 
NOPE S:. 


BENGAL BOTANIC GARDENS.—The Annual 
Report mentions a gift of a collection of 
Orchids from Messrs. Sander, which is a 
valuable acquisition to the collection in the 
Garden. 

Ww wy 

CATTLEYA AUREA.— This species has 
always been the great favourite for hybridi- 
sation purposes, and, judging from the 
favourable results, it will continue to be so. 
At this time of the year strong flowering 
plants are in much demand, and a special 
offer of the same will be found in our 
advertisement pages. i 

THE CORONATION CHALLENGE CUP.— 
The Fifty Guinea Silver-gilt Coronation 
Challenge Cup to be competed for annually 
at the Royal Horticultural Society’s Summer 
Show has this year been won by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons for their splendid group of 
Orchids. The Cup was established in 
commemoration of the Coronation of their 
Majesties King George V. and Queen Mary, 
and is awarded by the Council for the most 
meritorious exhibit in the show. An illus- 
tration of the Cup appeared in the ORCHID 
WORLD, April, 1911. 

wy wy yy 

GOLD MEDAL GROUP.—At the recent 
Birmingham Botanical and _ Horticultural 
Exhibition, Mr. W. Waters Butler, of South- 
field, Edgbaston, staged one of the largest 


VOL. IiIl. 


and finest groups of Orchids ever seen in 
the district. No less than 250 square feet 
were occupied with choice and remarkable 
specimens from his collection. A Gold 
Medal and Cultural Commendation were 
unanimously awarded. At the same Exhibi- 
tion, Messrs. Sander and Sons and Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons received Silver-gilt Medals, 
and Mr. E. V. Low was awarded a Silver 
Medal. 


yw YO 


BRISTOL SHOW.—At this important event, 
a Gold Medal was granted to Lieut.-Col. Sir 
George Holford for a superb group of 
Orchids. Messrs. Armstrong and Brown 
were placed first for a group of Orchids 
arranged for effect in a space of 100 square 
feet, the second prize going to Messrs. 
Cypher and Sons. A Gold Medal was 
granted to Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., a 
Silver-gilt Medal to Messrs. A. J. Keeling 
and Sons, and a Silver Medal to Col. Cary 
Batten, of Abbots Leigh, Bristol. 


wy OY 


THE KING AND QUEEN’S VISIT TO 
WARRINGTON.—Among the guests invited 
by Lord and Lady Derby to the entertain- 
ments at Knowsley, given in honour of the 
Royal visit, were Alderman and Mrs. Bolton, 
of Warrington. Mr. Bolton had previously 
sent a large number of choice Orchid flowers 
for the acceptance of the Queen, and a few 
days afterwards he received an intimation 


31 


246 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


from Lord Derby that Her Majesty was 
anxious to thank him personally for the 
flowers. Mr. and Mrs. Bolton were asked to 
go to Knowsley Hall, where they were most 
graciously received by the Queen, who 
thanked him in cordial terms for the Orchids, 
which she had greatly admired. 


YY Ww wy 


More Lost PoLLEN—At the Holland 
House Show Mr. J. Gurney Fowler exhibited 
Miltonioda Harwoodii, with a spike of several 
flowers. Soon after the public were admitted, 
it was discovered that all the pollen had been 
removed from the flowers, the thief escaping 
unnoticed. This plant, along with others 
intended for the Committee to adjudicate 
upon, was placed in a small tent, totally 
unguarded even by an attendant or by the 
usual rope round the exhibits, so little wonder 
that even the plant itself remained at the 
close of the day. These exhibits should 
have been placed in the large tent along with 
the principal groups, but, as it was, the 
majority of Orchid amateurs visiting the 
Show entirely failed to discover the small 
tent in which the certificated plants were 
placed, and they were considerably annoyed 
when they heard subsequently that although 
they saw the large groups, they entirely 
missed the chief attractions. 


LIPARIS LACERATA—At the Scientific 
Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, 
July 15th, 1913, Mr. James O’Brien showed 
Liparis lacerata, which had flowered in the 
collection of Sir Marcus Samuel, Bart. The 
species is a native of Borneo, and produces a 
spike of about 100 small flowers, the lips of 
which are much lacerated. The column is at 
first straight, but becomes afterwards much 
bent in order to bring the pollinia near to 
the surface of the lip, in order that it may be 
removed by the insect visiting the flower. 
The plant is very rare in cultivation, but is 
known from a drawing, done by the late 
Mr. Burbidge, of a small plant in the collection 
of the Natural History Museum, South 
Kensington. 


[August, 1913. 


DISA GRANDIFLORA—This very beautiful 
South African Orchid has been the subject of 
an experiment which Messrs. Veitch and Sons 
carried out in order to ascertain whether 
home raised plants possessed a_ stronger 
constitution than those imported from their 
native country. A strong flowering plant was 
selected and duly fertilised, with the result 
that good seed was obtained from which a 
healthy batch of about fifty seedlings was 
raised. A number of these have recently 
flowered for the first time, but although 
growing with much freedom they do not 
appear to possess any extra vigour. 

OPHRYS ARACHNITES.—A very fine form 
of this interesting species comes from the 
collection of Mr. W. H. St. Quintin, Scampston 
Hall, Rillington, York. The specimen was 
collected by him in the south of France, and 
although very similar to O. apifera it differs 
principally in the sub-deltoid petals and in the 
lip, with its straight or incurved appendage, 
being longer than the sepals. In the majority 
of Orchids the flowers assume a position on 
the spike which enables the labellum to be on 
the lower portion of the flower. In most 
instances this is accomplished by a twist of 
the ovary or pedicel, the flower then turning 
through the space of half a circle. But in the 
genus Ophrys the ovary merely bends over 
to the other side of the main stalk, thus 
allowing the flower to have its labellum in the 
downward position without any twisting 
taking place. A well-cultivated specimen of 
Orchis maculata alba is also sent by Mr. St. 
Quintin, the plant having been originally 
collected by him in the Central Pyrenees. 

yy wy OY 

CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE.—It may interest 
readers of the ORCHID WORLD to know that 
Cypripedium acaule grows in the woods at 
Chestnut Hill, Brookline, Mass., U.S.A. It is 
almost invariably found under pine trees, and 
a very remarkable thing that I noticed was 
that all the plants without exception were 
growing on the north side of the trees, so that 
the shadow of the tree fell across them. They 
root very freely amongst the pine needles 


August, 1913. | THE -ORCHID WORLD. 24 


and leaves, although just beneath are hard 
rocks. The ordinary variety has brownish 
petals, with a pink dorsal sepal veined with 
darker pink. The other day I discovered a 
white variety of the species, which had a 
greenish-yellow dorsal sepal, and the same 
colour on the petals, but the pouch was pure 
white and quite distinct from the ordinary 
variety. It is evidently very rare, as I have 
never seen it anywhere else. Cypripedium 
acaule is often called the Pink Moccasin 
Flower.—Arthur E. Miles, Orchid grower to 
Mr. E. B. Dane, “ Roughwood,’ Chestnut Hill. 


a 


Ca@:LIA MACROSTACHYVA.—Although this 
species received a Botanical Certificate when 
exhibited by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 
Royal Horticultural Society, October 14th, 
1904, it will be seen by the accompanying 
illustration that there is something more than 
a botanical interest attached to the plant. 
In the Society’s Journal for 1849 appears a 
woodcut of the flower-spike, which, apart 
from the plant, is of interest for being one of 
the earliest illustrations of an Orchid 
included in that publication. There is also 
a remark that the plant was received some 
years since from Mr. Hartweg, who collected 
it in Guatemala; and also from Mr. Skinner. 
The Horticultural Society was not very 
successful with its culture, as the following 
statement from the page opposite the 
illustration will show: “The expectations 
respecting the ornamental appearance of this 
plant have not been realised. It has been 
found in a wild state with a close flower-spike 
as much as a foot long, and its blossoms are 
reported to be deep red; but in cultivation 
it has hitherto gained no such size, and the 
colour is only a pale rose, without any 
brilliancy.” But, as we have often pointed 
out, it is an important matter that all Orchids 
should be grown to perfection, for it is only 
then that their real beauty can be fully 
discerned. This was exemplified with Cecelia 
macrostachya, for when Mr. Ferguson, the 
able curator of the Belfast Garden, sent a 
fine spike to Sir William Hooker it was used 
as the subject of an illustration in the 


~ 


Botanical Magazine for 1853, Sir William 
remarking: “It is really a handsome plant, 
and well worthy a place in every Orchideous 


collection, flowering in August.” The habit 


of the plant may be described as semi- 
| y 


terrestrial, a loamy compost being suitable. 


Celia macrostachya. 

CCELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA—A plant 
with seven flower-spikes, the blooms being 
snow-white, was sold by Messrs. Protheroe 
and Morris, March, 1885, for the high sum of 
£131. Messrs. Wm. Bull and Sons were the 
purchasers. 


248 THE ORCHID 


CATTLEYA CITRINA—With reference to 
the culture of this species, I know the late 
Sir Chas. Strickland gained considerable 
success by placing the plants in ordinary 
greenhouses until the latter part of the 
summer, when they were removed to a warm 
vinery. These plants remained vigorous for 
the long period of fifteen or sixteen years, 
and many of the last bulbs were larger than 
any of the former ones. Mr. Bonny, of 
Hackney, whose name is kept in remembrance 
to-day by Odontoglossum crispum Bonny- 
acum, was another successful cultivator. 
One of his best plants carried no fewer than 
fourteen flowers, all of which were open at 
the same time. Mr. Bonny placed some 
plants on the upper surface of .a horizontal 
raft, but he soon found that every new growth 
and flower endeavoured to lean over the 
edges of the raft, so he rghtly concluded 
that this species grows naturally in a down- 
ward direction—Old Amateur. 


ky 


YY 


CATTLEYA CITRINA—The writer in last 
month’s ORCHID WORLD mentioned that 
Cattleya citrina was difficult to grow success- 
fully for any length of time. 
England | 


When in 
devoted some _ considerable 
attention to this Orchid, and for seven years 
had ten plants which bloomed regularly each 
year and never seemed to diminish either in 
size or vigour. They were grown in pans, 
on the south side of a Cattleya house, and 
when in full growth water was given in large 
quantities, but immediately the new bulbs 
were made up no more water was afforded 
until the flower scapes were visible. The 
plants were always exposed to the fuil sun. 
One point to which I attribute much success 
was the damping every alternate evening, 
from April till July, with a weak solution of 
soot-water. The ammonia given off seemed 
to encourage exceptionally vigorous rooting ; 
so much so that when re-panning the plants, 
as was done every year, it was always a 
matter of necessity to break the pan before 
being able to remove the plant. Needless 
to say, care was always taken not to allow 
the plants to become wetted with the 


WORLD. [August, 1913. 
soot-water, the staging and pans being merely 
damped. I have had little success in raising 
from this Orchid, though I once succeeded 
in getting a good pod when crossed witb 
C. aurea, but the resulting seedlings, three 
in number, were very weak, and after a 
miserable existence of about three years, 
died—C. Alwyn Harrison, Oneglia, Italy. 


ORCHIDS AT SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., 
U.S.A—It may be of interest to readers of 
the ORCHID WORLD to know that the people 
of this city are one of the most Orchid- 
saving communities that I have come in 
contact with in the United States of America. 
At this time of the year, when the people are 
away in their country homes, the supply of 
cut flowers is greater than the demand, and 
one can see the florists’ shops with their 
windows full of fine specimen plants of 
Cattleya gigas, C. Gaskelliana, C. Mossie 
and Lelia purpurata; also Phalenopsis 
amabilis, the beautiful P. Schilleriana, 
Odontoglossum citrosmum roseum and O. 
crispum. | have not seen very good success 
with Odontoglossums out here yet, although 
this is one of the finest temperatures, for 
we get the trade winds from the Pacific 
Ocean, and the house can be kept cool during 
the greater part of the year. There are a 
few private places where hybrid Orchids are 
being grown, and I have no doubt that there 
will be some fine collections out here in a 
few years’ time, for when the people do 
anything along this line it is done well. 
Orchid growing has come to stay. In 1915 
the World’s Panama-Pacific Exposition will 
be held in San Francisco, and for this event 
six greenhouses, each 25 feet by 100 feet, 
have been erected for the culture of decorative 
plants—W. E. Eglingion, San Francisco. 


VANDA CC@ERULEA.—Since so much towards 
the successful cultivation of this Orchid 
depends upon the correct treatment afforded 
at the outset, a few remarks upon the method 
of re-establishing imported pieces may be of 


August, 1913. | THE ORCHID= WORLD: 249 


use. Upon receipt of the plants, examine 
them carefully and cut away all dead roots 
and decayed leaves. Then rinse each one in 
a weak solution of soft soap and _ water, 
cleansing them immediately with tepid rain 
water. This will ensure them being free from 
insect pests. Lay each plant carefully on the 
staging in a house in which the temperature 
does not exceed 05 degrees Fahr., shading 
them from strong direct sun-light, and in a 
well-ventilated atmosphere. A slight sprink- 
ling of rain water may be given every three 
or four days, and if this method of culture 
is observed, the leaves will plump up, and the 
stems emit new roots. When showing these 
signs of renewed vitality the plants may be 
potted, filling each pot to within a few inches 
of the rim with clean broken crocks, and 
making the plant quite firm. A layer of 
living green sphagnum moss should then be 
added. After the lapse of several months 
some of the top-most crocks can be removed, 
and osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss be 
added. Under care and intelligent cultiva- 
tion these plants become quickly  re- 
established and their subsequent culture 
presents little difficulty—C. Alwyn Harrison, 
Oneglia, Italy. 


ww Ww & 


ANCCTOCHILUS, JEWEL OrRcHIDS.—This 
exceptional group of Nature’s most artistic 
work would excite the admiration of all who 
can appreciate beauty of form and colouring. 
The velvet-lke appearance of the leaves, 
having a ground tint of light or dark green 
ranging to a deep bronze, upon which is 
traced an elegant network of silver or gold 
veins, contrasts finely with the rich ground 
colour. As several amateurs have asked me 
the method I adopt in cultivation, the 
following particulars, which to me have been 
satisfactory in every way, may be of 
interest :—The plants I have recently shown at 
Chelsea and Holland House were grown from 
very small pieces. These were placed, as an 
experiment, in a frame over a tank at the 
end of a small house in which Phalenopsis, 
etc, are growing under intermediate heat, 
and where a low night temperature is 


VOL. Il. 


maintained. The frame is fitted with a glazed 
light which is removed during the summer 
months; it is never closed up, but opened as 
required for ventilation during the colder 
part of the year. The bottom of this frame 
is perforated zinc, over which is a layer of 
small coke, then a wooden stage is placed 
on some inverted pots, which stand in 
saucers of water to prevent slugs, etc., from 
attacking the plants. The compost used for 
potting is sphagnum moss, leaves and _ peat, 
one third of each, with good drainage. This 
material is always kept moist, but no water 
is given overhead. The plants under these 
conditions become short and sturdy, and are 
then able to stand the cold, dull weather 
better, which seems to point out the fact that 
failures in many gardens have been brought 
about by too much heat and coddling-up 
under bell-glasses.—Szduey W. Flory, Orchid 
Nursery, Twickenham. 


A RARE EVENT, 


HE very unusual, probably unique, 
le event of an adventitious growth 
appearing on the outside of a 
Cypripedium seed-pod is worthy of being 
recorded. 

We crossed a Cypripedium Elatior, which 
we call No. 2, not the F.C.C. var., with the 
pollen of Cyp. bingleyense, in December, 
1911. Elatior No. 2 is remarkable for the 
very long flower stem as compared with the 
First-class Certificate form. It has been 
podded again this year, and the parent flower 
stem is fully 12 inches, exclusive of the pod, 
which is another 3 inches. 

The 1911 pod formed in the ordinary way, 
and there was nothing remarkable about it so 
far as we know until some four or five months 
had passed; but, of course, we were not 
watching the plant with any care. The 
winter-flowering Cypripediums were over, 
and our attention was directed to the 
spring-flowering Orchids: Cattleyas, Odonto- 
glossums, etc., which we were preparing for 
the International Show. For these reasons 


250 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


we missed the first stages of the adventitious 
growth which appeared on the pod. 

At the end of perhaps four months we 
noticed one morning, quite by chance, a green 
swelling appearing about the middle of the 
concave side of the pod, apparently starting 
from one of the vertical sector lines which 
are characteristic of Cypripedium pods. The 
swelling was rather reminiscent of the bud 
which appears at the node of a Dendrobium 
bulb, whether for flower or growth. This 
swelling slowly developed two tiny leaves. 

Time went on and the pod continued 
ripening in the ordinary manner, and was cut 
off with “the seedling” attached to it in the 
early days of January, 1913. About six 
weeks before the removal of the pod, the 
adventitious growth on it developed a small 
root at its base; and when the pod was cut 
off this little plant was removed from the dry 
seed capsule and potted up separately as a 
seedling. 

This “seedling” is still alive; it has lost 
one of its original pair of leaves, and now has 
one old leaf and a pair of new leaves which 
it has made since it was potted off. But the 
plant is evidently in a very weakly state and 
probably has little or no active root Its 
ultimate survival seems to me very doubtful. 
I’. Mentetth Ogilvie, The Shrubbery, Oxford. 


LAELIA GRANDIFLORA. 


ERNANDEZ is said to have mentioned 
H this plant in his “ Natural History of 
New Spain,” published in 1615. At 
a later period it was known as Bletia grandi- 
flora, which Lindley included in his genus 
Leelia, and on that account the specific name 
grandiflora takes precedence over mayjalis, a 
name given to the plant by Lindley in 1839, 
who appeared to have forgotten the earlier 
record. 

To many amateurs the name majalis is 
more familiar, and it was under such appella- 
tion that Bateman wrote of the plant in 
his work on the Orchids of Mexico and 
Guatemala, 1837. “This lovely plant,” said 
he, “abounds in the most temperate parts of 


[August, 1913. 


Mexico, where its exquisite beauty has 
rendered it a prime favourite with the natives, 
from whom it has received the familiar name 
‘Flor de Mayo,’ or ‘May Flower.’ A large 
supply of plants has been collected by Mr. 
Hartweg, in situations so elevated that the 
temperature sometimes falls below the 
freezing point. This habitat, so unusual for 
an Orchidaceous plant, will go far to explain 
the ill success that has hitherto attended its 
cultivation, for while it is easy to imitate the 
close and humid atmosphere in which most of 
the tribe are found, it is imfinitely more 
difficult to provide a substitute for the pure 
air and frequent changes of temperature in 
which these mountain epiphytes would seem 
to delight. Indeed, so signal, in the case of 
Lelia majalis, has been failure of even the 
most experienced cultivators, that although 
there was scarce a collection that did not 
contain one or more specimens of the plant, 
still did it obstinately refuse to flower except 
in one solitary instance.” 

With the great advance in the method of 
culture which recent years has seen there has 
been a corresponding improvement in the 
flowering of Lelia grandiflora, although 
notwithstanding all our experience we do not 
appear to obtain anything like the amount of 
flower which, judging by the old flower spikes 
on imported plants, may be seen on the plant 
when in its natural home. 

Now and again one hears of success, and 
a very recent instance is that of Mr. L. D. 
Hyland, who has obtained excellent results 
on some plants which he has carefully culti- 
vated in his collection at Woodlands, London 
Road, St. Albans. From a photograph which 
he has had taken of the interior of his green- 
house a good idea of the many large flowers 
borne on stout stalks can be obtained, and 
the remarkable vigour of the plants is sure 
evidence that they have a suitable atmosphere 
in which to grow. The flowers were presented 
to a friend who had recently arrived from 
India, and who was greatly impressed by their 
beauty. No doubt, when the plants bloom 
again next season, Mr. Hyland will have a 
larger number of flowers for his generous 
hand to give away. 


August, 1913.| Le ORCHID IW OR ED: > 


An Epiphyte laden Tree’ in Uganda. 


EPIPHYTES|} IN UGANDA. 
By ‘ERNEST BROWN, F.L.S.% 


Pier bh are one of the ‘most 
striking features of tropical vegeta- 
tion These plants in Central Africa 

are, however, by no means confined to the 
dense humid forests, but are abundant on 
solitary trees, which often carry only a slight 
shady foliage. Orchids and Ferns are the 
epiphytes most commonly met with. 

The photograph shows a wonderfully laden 
branch of a thorny flat-topped Acacia in 
Uganda. The foliage is of the typical 
Mimosa kind, scanty, and affording little 


shade. The branch bears some fine Platy- 
cerium ferns, large pieces of Rhipsalis, and 
several Orchids. Among the latter Angraecum 
Kotschyi may be seen in flower. To the left 
of the figure is a large hanging plant of 
Listrostachys fimbriata, whilst just above this 
is a compact clump of a bright yellow- 
flowered Polystachya. 


ANGRZECUM KOTSCHYI. 
This beautiful Orchid was first found in 
Uganda by the writer in 1908. It had 


252 THE ‘ORCHID WORED: 


Angrecum Kotschyi, showing the very slight 
shade it grows in naturally. 


previously been imported into England, but 
from an island off the East Coast of Africa, 
and when my plants arrived the stock in 
cultivation had dwindled to three or four 
small plants. 

The consignment I sent consisted of large 
plants attached to the branches on which I 
found them. It was sent to Sir Trevor 
Lawrence, who grew the plants by simply 
hanging them up, still attached to the branch, 
in a hot house. So well did this treatment 
suit, that the fine plants shown by Sir Trevor 
at the Royal Horticultural Society in 
September, 1909, were awarded a Cultural 
Commendation. 

The plants have no pseudo-bulbs, but thick 
fleshy leaves, ten inches long by four inches 
wide. The racemes are slender in character 
and of a length of two feet. The flowers are 
white, slightly tinted with pink, about two 
inches across, and have a slender spur several 
inches long. 


|August, 1913. 


The plant is not a forest Orchid, but only 
grows on isolated trees, generally Acacia, 
where it gets a large amount of sunlight. The 
smal] photograph clearly shows this, as well 
as the small amount of rooting material which 
a large plant requires. 


Angrecum Kotschyi, in natural position. 


ANGR/ECUM  INFUNDIBULARE. 

This species is the largest flowering of the 
Uganda Orchids. Botanically interesting on 
account of the peculiar shape of the flower, it 
is by no means merely a botanical curiosity, 
but a really beautiful plant when in flower, 
Unfortunately, it has not proved very free- 
flowering in cultivation. It grows wild in the 
dense shady forests on the shores and islands 
of the Victoria Nyanza. 

The growths extend to great length, often 
five or six feet. The leaves are four inches 
long by one and a half inches broad. The 
flowers are white with the sepals and spur 
slightly tinted green. The funnel is four 
inches in length, and the lip two inches across, 
the spur being about five inches long. 


August, 1913.1 THE ORCHID WORLD, 253 


Angrecum Kotschyi. 


LISTROSTACHYS BROWNII. 


This pretty little Uganda Orchid was first 
discovered about six years ago in the forests 
on the shores of the Victoria Nyanza. It 
grows in dense shade. The growths are 
about eight inches long and bear closely 
packed fleshy leaves. The pure white flowers 
are freely produced and deliciously scented. 
The photograph shows the plant exactly 
half-size. 

VOL. IIl. 


Listrostachys Browniti. 


LISTROSTACHYS FIMBRIATA. 


This plant is really a giant epiphyte. 
Pieces) OF iesdreelten seen m Uganda 
weighing over 60 lbs. Its peculiar growths 
often hang down a length of ten feet. The 
leaves are two feet long and very thick and 
leathery. 

Flowers are freely produced in racemes 
two feet long. 
white in colour. A fine plant of this Orchid 
bearing hundreds of its feathery racemes is a 
very beautiful sight. 

It appears to flourish in only fairly open 
situations, and is never seen in dense forests. 


They are small and pure 


I know of a leafless tree in Entebbe covered 
with hundreds of plants of this Orchid which 
flower profusely every year. 


Ow 
On 


254 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Listrostachys Montroei. 
LISTROSTACHYS MONTROEI. 


The photograph was taken in Uganda, and 


shows a fine plant growing on a_ branch 
sixty feet from the ground. The plant bore 
over forty spikes of flower. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


CazLOGYNE ALBANENSE.—An interesting 
hybrid raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 
The —parents.are C€. jpandurata, andy G: 
Sanderiana 

ODONTIODA STELLA—A very distinct 
addition to the Odontiodas has been flowered 
by Mr. de Barri Crawshay, Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks, who produced this novelty by crossing 
O. elegans (cirrhosum x _ cristatum) with 
C. Noezliana. The bulbs are somewhat 
similar to those of elegans, being long, 


[August, 1913. 


fusiform, and spotted, although quite distinct 
from those of any other Odontioda. The 
flowers are a very brilliant scarlet-red, much 
more so than usually seen, and almost covered 
with the pigment. The tips of the segments 
undulated and recurved, as generally seen in 
cirrhosum ; the lip strongly recurved. A full- 
grown spike has a very decorative effect. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM VESTA—The parents 
of this new hybrid are  bellatulum -and 
percultum, giving a very neat flower, the 
white ground evenly spotted and blotched 
with brownish-red. The bellatulum influence 
is well marked, although the rounded lip 
resembles Rolfeze. The margin of the lip 
is crisped, while the centre is yellow. Raised 
by Mr. de Barri Crawshay, Sevenoaks. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM BRONZE PRINCE.—With 
reference to this hybrid, recorded on page 
213, 1t now appears that the plant stated to be 
Royal Sovereign is in reality a Vuylstekee, 
and on that account the hybrid becomes a form 
of Manselliz (Vuylstekee x Harryanum). 

MILTONIODA COOPERI—A very pretty 
result obtained by crossing Miltonia Warsce- 
wiczir with Cochlioda Noezliana. The habit 
and individual tlowers much resemble the 
Miltonia parent, the characteristic blotch on 
the lp being carried forward to the seedling. 
The colour is uncommon, being varying 
shades of brick-red Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons, St. Albans. 

ODONTIODA MAGALI SANDER. — The 
result of crossing Miltonia Warscewiczi with 
Odontoglossum ardentissimum. Sepals and 
petals rich purple-red, labellum well developed 
and blotched with reddish-rose. <A_ fine 
hybrid, raised by Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM HYPERION.—-By cross- 
ing ©O. Pescatorei with O. Fletcherianum 
(Edwardiu x cirrhosum) Messrs. Sander and 
Sons have added one more result to the list 
of Edwardii hybrids. The flower is not 
unlike O. Clytie, although slightly broader 
and showing the influence of cirrhosum. 

L#LIO-CATTLEYA FAVORINUS.—In 
this hybrid between Lelia xanthina and 
Cattleya Germania (granulosa x Hardyana) 
the general colour is dull yellow, the petals 
streaked with crimson, the lip dark crimson. 


August, 1913.] THE 


The granulosa species has imparted a fleshy 
nature to the flower. Raised by Messrs. 
Sander and Sons. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM HERMIONE. — Another 
of the Edwardu hybrids, this being with the 
pollen of ardentissimum. The flower has 
a close resemblance to those of Thompson:- 
anum and Clytie. Raised by Messrs. Sander 
and Sons. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM MINERVA—The result 
of crossing crispo-Harryanum with  calo- 
glossum (crispum x Vuylstekez) is a flower 
very similar to an amabile. The crispum and 
the Harryanum species on both sides of the 
parentage have united to this effect, and thus 
show how reversion will bring us much the 
same result as im our primary hybrids. 
Raised by Mr. de Barri Crawshay, Rosefield, 
Sevenoaks. 

OpONTIODA HEBE.—The parents of this 
new primary hybrid are Odontoglossum 
cristatellum (Kegeljani x cristatum) and Coch- 
lioda Noezliana. The result is not unlike 
Odontioda gattonensis, but differs from the 
variety figured in the ORCHID WORLD, Vol. 1, 
p- 77, by having the colour on the petals 
slightly more broken up. The ground colour 
is dull yellow, the blotching light reddish 
brown. Raised by Mr. de Barri Crawshay, 


Sevenoaks 


ODONTIODA  BREWII. 


\ X J HEN Odontioda Charlesworthui first 
made its appearance, May, 1908, 
considerable surprise was expressed 

regarding the remarkable power that Coch- 
lioda Noezliana had over such a distinct 
species as Odontoglossum Harryanum, the 
more so because in the majority, one might 
almost say in every one, of the hybrids of 
this latter species the Harryanum has had a 
powerful influence over its mate. No matter 
how complex the parentage of a Harryanum 
hybrid may be, an amateur has only to ask 
his friend to guess the parents and he receives 
the usual reply: “I can see there is Harry- 
anum in it; there is no mistaking that.” 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


tN 
al 
On 


Now hybridists certainly thought that when 
O. Harryanum was crossed with C. Noezliana, 
the seedlings would surely show a strong 
likeness to this former species, more especially 
did they think that the prominent longitudinal 
striping of colour on the basal halves of the 
petals would in some way break up the 
solid red colour of the Cochlioda species. 
Some even suggested that we should obtain 
a scarlet-red Harryanum. But all these 
prophecies were doomed to failure. 
Odontioda Charlesworthu has been raised in 
several widely separated gardens, and in 
every case, without a single recorded 
exception, the results have been practically 
similar ; a solid scarlet-red flower, the only 
perceptible difference being in regard to size 
or density of colour, such as is due to the 
variance of the parental characters. 

The ambition of the hybridists was in no 
way discouraged by these unexpected 
results. There seemed to be but one way 
out of the difficulty, and this was to cross 
Odontioda Charlesworthi with O. Harry- 
anum, and so produce a hybrid having a 
double influence of this latter species. In 
this way it was expected that the Cochlioda 
colour would be broken up into a pattern 
not unlike that of Harryanum. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. at once made 
a cross of this description, and during the last 
few weeks three of the seedlings have 
reached the flowering stage and received the 
name Odontioda Brewu. The results are 
astonishing. In one the flower has assumed 
an intense crimson, so much so that the flower 
appears almost black, while the petals are 
inclined forward as typical of Harryanum. 
In another flower the colour is somewhat 
lighter, with the large lip bright ruby-crimson. 
The third flower possesses a lip of a peculiar 
bronze colour never before seen in any 
Odontioda. 

Beautiful as ail these variations are, the 
solid coloration still remains. Even when 
the flowers are held up so that bright day-hght 
shines through the segments there is no sign 
of blotching or breaking up of this remarkable 
red pigment. What are we to do next and 
to expect are now our foremost thoughts. 


256 Wishes ORE ISHD) 


WORLD. {August, 1913. 


THE COMMENCEMENT OF COOL-HOUSE TREATVIER 


UGUST 25th) 1863) just tity years 
A ago, marked the real commencement 
of the cool-house treatment in Orchid 
culture. It was on this day that James 
Bateman, of Biddulph Grange, read before 
the Floral Committee of the Royal Horti- 
cultural Society a Paper on the principles of 
cool-house treatment for Orchids, and to 
prove the success of his methods he exhibited 
a beautiful plant of Epidendrum vitellinum, 
to which a Special Certificate was awarded. 

Before giving particulars of Bateman’s 
notes, it will be well to state that for many 
years after Orchids were first introduced into 
England the only atmosphere thought 
suitable to their culture was a hot, steamy 
and unventilated stove-house. Even when 
the celebrated John Lindley was appointed 
secretary to the Royal Horticultural Society, 
an attempt was made by the Society to 
cultivate Orchids in a specially prepared 
house. The results were at first unsuccessful ; 
the plants were lost as quickly as they were 
received. Lindley, however, continued his 
experiments, and eventually obtained some 
measure of success with those plants suitable 
to high temperature and excessive humidity. 
This treatment remained in vogue for a long 
period. It is only fair to Lindley to remark 
that when correct details of the habitats of 
certain Orchids came to hand he always did 
his utmost to advise his friends. In 1835, he 
wrote: “If a great majority of epiphytal 
Orchids swarm in damp tropical forests, there 
is a considerable minority which live in an 
entirely different climate.” 

Joseph Cooper, gardener to Earl Fitz- 
william at Wentworth, must have been a man 
of considerable intelligence, for when Sir 
William Hooker visited the place in 1835 he 
remarked: “I must confess that the sight of 
this collection, whether the vigorous growth 
and beauty of the foliage, or the number of 
splendid specimens blooming at the same 
time, be considered, far exceeded my warmest 
anticipations.” | Cooper’s method consisted 
of a lower temperature and the admission of 
fresh air into the house. 


In 1838 Sir Joseph Paxton also achieved 
no small measure of success by maintaining 
a purer atmosphere. At the same time, 
Lindley was much startled by these new 
conditions of culture, and we find him writing 
as follows: “The success with which 
epiphytes are cultivated by Paxton is won- 
derful, and the climate in which this is 
effected, instead of being so hot and damp 
that the plants can only be seen with as 
much peril as if one had to visit them in an 
Indian jungle, is as mild and delightful as 
that of Madeira.” 

From this time onwards we can find a 
few, but only a very few, growers who 
attempted the cool-house ideas. Among 
these was Donald Beaton, who for a few 
years cultivated Mr. Harris's plants at Kings- 
bury. The means for spreading knowledge 
in these early days were few and far between, 
so much so that the general community of 
Orchid amateurs reaped little benefit from 
these isolated methods of success. It 
remained for the Royal Horticultural Society 
to give to the horticultural world the ful! 
particulars of James Bateman’s method, which 
may reasonably be said to have inaugurated 
the cool-house treatment which proves such 
a welcome addition to our Orchid collections 
of the present day. 

The following is a report of the Paper read 
by James Bateman, August 25th, 1863. 

“T have much pleasure in forwarding for 
exhibition before the Floral Committee the 
specimen of Epidendrum  vitellinum that 
accompanies this Paper, and which I have 
little doubt the Committee will agree with 
me in regarding as eminently beautiful. It 
is not, however, with a view to the merits 
of the plant as an attractive object that I 
now wish to direct attention to it, but rather 
in so far as it may be taken as an illustration 
of the success which has attended the adapta- 
tion of the principle of cool treatment in 
dealing with Orchids from cool countries. 

“My first plants of the species were 
received from Oaxaca, nearly thirty years ago, 
but although in excellent condition at the 


August, 1913. | THE 


time of their arrival, they succumbed to the 
intensely hot régime to which, in common 
with all other epiphytal Orchids, they were 
subjected in those days. Other individuals 
were subsequently received by Mr. Barker, 
some of which he flowered, though so weakly 
and imperfectly that no true idea had ever 
been formed of the beauty of the plant until 
the publication of the figure, prepared from 
dried specimens, in Dr. Lindley’s Serdem 
Orchidaceum. With this figure there 
appeared also the following remarks, which 
it is due to Dr. Lindley’s prescient sagacity 
to quote in full :-— 

“«Epidendrum vitellinum is undoubtedly 
the handsomest of its genus when it is in a 
state of perfect health, a condition in which no 
one has yet seen it in this country. Let us 
hope that the accompanying representation, 
taken from specimens gathered by Mr. 
Hartweg on the Cumbre of Totontepeque at 
9,000 feet above the sea, and in which nothing 
is in the smallest degree exaggerated, will 
rouse the possessors of it to exertion, and 
induce them to give it the care to which its 
singular merits entitle it. In what is known 
of its habits in its native country we possess 
the key to its proper management, and the 
explanation of any failures that have accom- 
panied its cultivation up to the present time. 
It is, strictly speaking, an Alpine plant, 
rooting among lichens, jungermannias, and 
other inhabitants of a cool, moist climate, 
and never exposed on the one hand to a 
higher temperature than 75 degrees, nor on 
the other to one lower than 45 degrees, but 
undoubtedly in its season of rest enduring 
so small an amount of heat as that. Indeed, 
the circumstances mentioned by Humboldt 
that at an elevation of 9,000 feet on the 
mountains of Mexico there are found dog- 
roses and strawberries mixed with pepper- 
worts, and the manita indicates with some 
accuracy the kind of climate enjoyed by 
Epidendrum vitellinum.’ 

“Similar advice came from Mr. Skinner, who 
found the species in Guatemala growing 
luxuriantly at an elevation where the ther- 
mometer ranged from 58-38 degrees; we 
cannot therefore wonder that the plant should 


ORCHID 


WORLD. 


have found itself ill at ease when placed 
among East Indian Orchids that will thrive 
in a temperature nearly twice as high as that 
which is proper to itself. The real marvel 
is that we should have persisted so long in 
a course of unnatural treatment that, at a 
great sacrifice of comfort, labour, and expense, 
resulted in a uniform failure from which an 
adherence to the ordinary principles of 
cultivation would have effectually saved us. 

“Something, perhaps, might be due to the 
circumstance that, in the infancy of Orchid 
growing, ome house was expected to receive 
in its comprehensive embrace all epiphytal 
Orchids whatsoever, no matter whether they 
came from the sultry and pestilential coasts 
of Africa and the East Indies, or from the 
mild and pure air of the Mexican and 
Peruvian Andes. Still, after every allowance 
has been made for circumstances and 
conditions which, however applicable to 
Orchid growing in its early days, have long 
since ceased to operate, the extraordinary 
fact remains unquestioned, that for five-and- 
twenty years we have constantly refused cool 
treatment to Orchids from cool countries, 
and because they pined and died under the 
hot treatment to which alone they were 
admitted, we have all but despaired of their 
cultivation. In dealing with other plants 
we have never acted so unreasonably, and I 
have yet to learn that our ancestors ever 
attempted to grow potatoes in a hothouse 
or pine apples in a cold frame. 

“ Happily the spell was at length broken by 
Messrs. Jackson, of the Kingston Nursery, 
and shortly afterwards by Messrs. Veitch, 
who, having tried in 1860 the effects of 
placing some Guatemala Orchids in a cool 
house, were almost astonished at their own 
success. Still more recently, Mr. Rucker and 
Mr. Day have built cool houses with the most 
satisfactory results, while Mr. Skinner, 
dispensing with all the usual horticultural 
appliances, has found that Lycaste Skinneri 
is perfectly at home, in an ordinary drawing- 
room. 

“Encouraged by these examples, and being 
well aware of the beauty of many Mexican 
and Peruvian Orchids, I was induced this 


258 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Spring to undertake the construction of a 
small house, the temperature of which should 
scarcely exceed that of an ordinary green- 
house. Taking advantage of an unemployed 
portion of a back wail, about 20 feet long by 
10 feet high, I reared against this a row of 
elazed sashes, which rested at rather a steep 
incline upon a front wall about 4 feet in 
height. Against this was fixed a stone shelf 
4 feet wide, which, with a passage of about 
the same dimensions along the back wall, 
made up the entire width of the house. A 
hot-water pipe that may be used or not, 
according to circumstances, was borrowed 
from an adjoining plant-stove, and air was 
admitted by ventilators at a low level in the 
front wall and at a high level in the wall 
behind. To this wall there was also affixed 
an open trellis-work shelf about a foot wide 
at a short distance from the glass. 

“Tt is clear that nothing can be simpler than 
these arrangements, which at the expense of 
about £35 have supplied me with an Orchid 
house that has already yielded me more 
enjoyment than I ever derived from houses 
of ten times greater pretension. The plants, 
consisting of Odontoglossums, Leelias, 
Lycastes, etc., have now been half a year in 
this house, and have charmed me by the 
progress they have made, and which is quite 
as striking in a variety of other examples as 
in the case of the Epidendrum vitellinum that 
I have now selected for exhibition. I shall, 
however, reserve my remarks on other species 
for a future occasion, and shall, in the mean- 
time, strongly urge upon the Fellows of the 
Horticultural Society, and indeed upon 
horticulturists generally, the expediency of 
constructing small cool houses, and of thus 
judging for themselves as to the fund of 
interest and pleasure that is at length opened 
to us in the cool treatment of Orchids from 
cool localities. 

“T ought to add that a cool house must be 
kept damp as well as cool, particularly during 
the summer months, and while the sun is 
vertical it ought to be shaded with tiffany for 
a few hours in the day. The plants may be 
grown either on logs of wood or in pots. 
Many of the Lelas and Ep:dendrums 


[August, 1913. 


succeeding best upon the former, while the 
latter are invariably preferred by the 
Odontoglossums. For these last I employ a 
mixture composed of broken potsherds, 
fibrous peat, and sphagnum in nearly equal 
proportions, which my gardener, Mr. Sherratt, 
finds preferable to all others.” 


ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. 


r | THE month of August is never a very 


interesting time for English amateurs, 
it may well be called the holiday 
season, for both the owner and his plants 
appear to have their minimum amount of 
trouble. For many past weeks the heat- 
loving Orchids have had a very beneficial 
season, in fact, one closely resembling that of 
their native home. There has been no 
anxiety on the mind of the cultivator 
regarding the maintaining of suitable mght 
temperatures, even the heating apparatus has 
bad its holiday, and may now be carefully 
examined for any defects and consequent 
necessary repairs. It 1s bad policy to wait 
until some serious breakdown occurs, for to 
attend to alterations and repairs during a 
severe frost is exceedingly risky, and yet this 
is usually the time when accidents occur. 
While fine weather lasts every opportunity 
should be taken to have all structural repairs 
finished before the advent of winter. No one 
fully realises the immense amount of damage 
done to plants through leaky roofs and 
cracked panes of glass which allow a constant 
draught of cold air to fall upon the plants. 
Towards the end of August many Cattleyas 
and similar species will have completed their 
new bulbs. As soon as this is noticed every 
care must be taken to get the bulbs fully 
ripened, for unless this is properly done the 
plant is unable to show forth its full beauty 
when the flowering season occurs. This 
ripening process must take place gradually. 
Any sudden exposure of a tender plant to 
direct sunshine and dry air will cause 
considerable damage to be done to the foliage 
and render the bulbs unsuitable for good 
growth to be made during the following 


August, 1913.| THE “ORCHID 


season. By gradually lowering the tempera- 
ture and reducing the shading it will be found 
that the plants slowly accustom themselves to 
the different atmosphere without any harm. 

In nearly every greenhouse, no matter of 
what shape or construction, there can always 
be found a place where the atmospheric 
conditions are suitable for a resting plant. 
Sometimes the shade of an adjacent tree or 
building will prevent the fiercest midday sun 
from burning the tender foliage, or the 
shading may be greatly reduced on one 
portion only of the house. It is almost 
impossible to make every plant complete its 
season’s growth at the same date, even if the 
various species and hybrids would allow such 
an event, so the amateur must take every Care 
to select conditions of culture that will 
properly ripen the bulbs in order that the best 
flowering results may be obtained. Unripened 
plants are a continual source of trouble 
throughout a long winter; not only are they 
the first to be attacked by disease and insects, 
but they are most disappointing when, during 
the spring time of the foilowing year, very 
little energy is displayed in the new growth. 

Sun and ventilation are equally important 
factors in the ripening process, yet while the 
latter is generally given in full quantity, often 
to excess, there is with the majority of 
amateur cultivators a very decided timidity in 
allowing sufficient fresh air to reach their 
plants. As soon as the bulbs show signs of 
finishing their growth, which can generally be 
noticed by the apex of the bulb or the flower 
sheath being clearly visible, it is then neces- 
sary to allow them a free circulation of air, 
not only during the daytime, but also at night. 
This method will cause the plant to produce 
numerous additional roots, and the bulbs 
rapidly swell to an astonishing extent. At 
the same time, they acquire that healthy 
bronze tint so much admired by all our 
successful cultivators. 

The proper time to repot a Cattleya is 
often a vexed question with amateurs. No 
definite date can be given, for every plant 
must be taken in hand separately and treated 
according to its requirements. When the new 
bulb reaches a certain stage of advancement 


WORLD. 2 


59 


fresh roots will push forth from its base, and 
it is just when these are visible that the most 
favourable time for repotting occurs. Should 
the plant receive any shock during the opera- 
tion it will not have many days to wait until 
the roots enter the new compost and restore 
the plant to its former position of health. It 
will thus be seen how very detrimental is the 
method of potting a plant several weeks 
before the new roots appear, for an equal 
period must elapse before the plant has a 
chance of recuperating itself. 

The roots of most Orchids are stiff and 
brittle, and will not allow of much bending ; 
any attempt to induce them to grow in a 
certain direction must be done with great care 
or considerable injury may be done. For 
this reason it will be unnecessary to explain 
what a bad practice it is to leave Orchids 
which require repotting until the new roots 
have grown to a length of several inches. 

The compost best suited for Cattleyas is 
a mixture of Ai fibre, osmunda and 
sphagnum moss, although good peat gives 
excellent results, but the difficulty of obtaining 
it in suitable fibrous condition is becoming 
greater every year. Many excellent results 
have been obtained by osmunda_ alone, 
although in some instances this material has 
had a burning and blackening effect on the 
tips of the new roots. It is difficult to deter- 
mine the cause, some growers ascribing it to 
the grade of material being too coarse, others 
to the salt water with which it has come in 
contact during shipment. Experiments have 
shown, however, that very little, if any, of 
this detrimental effect takes place when a 
moderate supply of sphagnum moss 1s 
included in the compost. Probably a neutral- 
ising effect is obtained by so doing. — Poly- 
podium fibre often proves useful, but unless 
great care 1s used in watering it will be found 
that this material soon becomes sour and 
unsuitable to the plant. No doubt it is best 
used when well mixed with osmunda and 
sphagnum. 

Another difficulty with which amateurs are 
often troubled is, should a plant be repotted 
when it has a flower sheath, or should the 
operation be deferred until after the blooms 


260 EE 
are cut. The common practice of bygone 
days was never to repot a plant until after 
flowering. Good cultivators now often break 
this old rule and treat the plants according to 
their condition. If the specimen has been 
well cultivated in the past it will generally be 
found that the old ball of compost is in a 
sound and sweet condition, and all that is 
then required is a small quantity of fresh 
compost for the new roots to enter as soon as 
they emerge from the newly made buib. 

In many cases this new bulb will be formed 
near the edge of the pot, and in these cases 
it will be necessary to carefully place the old 
ball of roots and compost into a clean pot 
just large enough to allow about an inch of 
fresh compost being worked in on the side 
nearest the new bulb. The roots will 
then freely enter this and greatiy help in 
strengthening the flower spike. Plants 
treated in this way will suffer no harm 
whatever, while the flowers are often much 
improved in size and texture. 

Now there is the other side of the question 


ORCHID WORED: 


[August, 1913. 


to be considered. The old compost often 
gets into a sour and rotten condition, such 
that only complete renewal will carry the 
plant safely through another season of 
erowth. This means that every root must be 
disturbed in order to remove the old compost, 
thus resulting in a severe check to the plant 
should it be in a growing condition. Now it 
is easy to understand how detrimental to the 
flower buds such drastic treatment must be. 
The safest method is to defer the repotting 
of those plants until after the flowers have 
faded. 

Of course, the majority of amateurs wish to 
see their plants flower annually, and nghtly 
so from their point of view, but there are not 
a few Orchidists who consider that good 
specimen plants do them more credit than 
poorly produced blooms. There is no doubt 
that plants which have their compost in such 
a rotten condition as to reauire complete 
renewal cannot really be in their full state of 
vigour, and, consequently, the flowers will not 
be seen in their finest state of perfection. 


Interior view in the Establishment of Messrs. Wm. J. Biggs G Co., Enfield, Middlesex. 


August, 1913. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 261 


Lelio-Cattleya Trimyra. (R.H.S. Journal.) 


The above illustration gives a fair idea ot the large size and form or this pretty hybrid in 

the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. Its chief attraction is the beautiful orange-yellow 

colour suffused throughout the whole flower. The name Trimyra is derived from its parents 

Cattleya Trianze and Leelio-Cattleya Myra (C. Trianz x L. flava), and it is surprising how the 

yellow colour of L. flava is carried forward in such a remarkable manner. Awarded First-class 
Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society, April 2nd, 1912. 


nN 
oO 
Ny 


DHE ORCHID WORLD: 


|August, 1913. 


MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH 6. SONS: 
THEIR. ORCHID -COLEERCTORS: 


1TH the forthcoming retirement of 
\\/ Sir Harry Veitch, the present is an 
opportune occasion to briefly review 
the leading points in the history of the firm 
of Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, 
more especially regarding their connection 
with Orchids. For more than a century 
Messrs. Veitch have been interested very 
prominently in horticulture, and few 
Orchidists of the present day know to what 
extent they are indebted to them for their 
laborious work in past years. 

It is hardly necessary to point out how 
comparatively few were the known species 
when Messrs. Veitch decided to despatch 
travellers for the purpose of collecting plants 
in distant lands. William Lobb, being a 
proficient botanist, was selected to go on a 
mission to various parts of South America, 
and he sailed from Plymouth in 1840 for 
Rio Janeiro. On his arrival in Brazil he 
first proceeded to the Orgaos Mountains, 
where he met with several beautiful and 
notable Orchids which at that time were 
extremely rare in English gardens. He 
continued travelling until 1857, making during 
this time several visits to England, but died 
at San Francisco, in the autumn of 1863. 

Thomas Lobb, brother of the above, left 
England in 1843 for Java and the adjacent 
islands. Upon his return home he decided 
to visit Calcutta, leaving England on 
December 25th, 1848. During the twenty 
years or upwards he travelled for the 
Veitchian firm, he visited the Khasia Hills, 
Assam, and other parts of North-east India, 
and subsequently Moulmein and parts of 
Lower Burmah, sending home from these 
districts most of the finest Orchids found 
there, many previously known to science, but 
introduced by him to cultivation for the first 
time. Worthy of mention are Vanda 
coerulea, Coelogyne lagenaria, C. maculata, 
Aerides  Fieldingi, A. multiflorum Lobbu, 
A. m. Veitchu, Dendrobium infundibulum, 


Calanthe rosea, and Cypripedium villosum. 
From the southern parts of the Malay 
peninsula he sent home Vanda tricolor, 
V. suavis, Coelogyne speciosa, Calanthe 
vestita, Cypripedium barbatum, and _ others. 
Lobb subsequently went to the Philippine 
Islands, and collected Phalaenopsis intermedia, 
the first natural hybrid to be proved by 
artificial means. He also collected many 
herbarium specimens, a list of which is given 
by Planchon in Hooker's London journal of 
Botany, 1847. Thomas Lobb died on April 
30th, 1894, at Devoran, in Cornwall, at a 
very advanced age. 

Richard Pearce was sent to Chili, Peru and 
Bolivia during the years 1859-1866, but 
although regarded as one of the best of 
botanical collectors, he does not appear to 
have been very successful with Orchids. He 
died at Panama, July 17th, 1867. 

John Gould Veitch was a collector in 
Japan, South Sea Islands, and Australia, from 
1860-1870. His chief collections comprised 
many choice coniferous trees. His death 
took place in August, 1870, at the early age 
fe) 8 Maa 

Bowman left England early in 18606 for 
Brazil. His journeys, however, were short, 
for he died on June 25th, 1868, and was 
buried in the British Cemetery at Bogota. 

Henry Hutton went to Java and the Malay 
Archipelago. He commenced his work in 
1866, but the clhmate proved too much for his 
delicate health, and he died in 1868. His 
name is associated with Cymbidium Hutton, 
which he introduced from Java, together with 
Saccolabium Hutton, from the same country, 
and Dendrobium Huttoni from the island of 
Timor in the Malay Archipelago. He was 
also successful in re-discovering and sending 
home Vanda insignis. 

Carl Kramer was despatched to Japan in 
1867, and afterwards to Costa Rica. He 
proved quite unsuitable for the work he had 
undertaken. His name is associated with 


August, 1913.| REE ORCHID WORLD: 263 


Odontoglossum Krameri, a species which he 
introduced from Costa Rica in 18608. 

Gottheb Zahn travelled in Central America, 
1869-1870. The main object of his journey 
was the introduction of the rare Miltonia 
Endresu, discovered by Warscewicz about 
1849, but which had previously resisted all 
attempts at introduction. Zahn was equally 
unsuccessful with this plant. In 1869 he was 
proceeding to Costa Rica, when he perished 
by drowning. 

George Downton received his early 
training in horticulture when under Mr. T. 
Challis, V.M.H., at Wilton House, Salisbury. 
In 1870 he went to Central America, from 
whence he sent several consignments of 
Orchids to Chelsea. He met Endres, who 
was also plant collecting for Messrs. Veitch 
in Costa Rica, and served in the honour of 
assisting to bring Miltonia Endresii safely 
to England. Downton made several other 
journeys, but on the termination of his 
engagement in 1873 settled in Central 
America, where he died in 1895. 

J. Henry Chesterton was a very successful 
Orchid collector over a wide area in South 
America during the period 1870-1878. His 
special task was the introduction of Miltonia 
vexillaria, which had been made known by 
other travellers, although no living plants 
came to this country. After considerable 
difficulty Chesterton not only discovered its 
habitat, but succeeded in getting live plants 
to Chelsea, where the first one flowered in 
1873. Odontoglossum crispum also received 
his attention, a variety bearing the name of 
Chestertonu being at one time well-known. 
He also sent home the beautiful Masdevallia 
coccinea Harryana. This noted man con- 
tinued to collect plants, although in later 
years on his own behalf. He died in South 
America, 1883. 

A. R. Endres was engaged to continue 
Zahn’s work, who, as previously mentioned, 
was drowned. Endres collected Miltonia 
Endresu, Cattleya Dowiana, and many others 
of somewhat poor horticultural value. His 
connection with Messrs. Veitch terminated in 
April, 1873. 

Gustav Wallis was born May Ist, 1830, at 


Liineburg, Hanover, and was deaf and dumb 
until six years of age, yet, strange to relate, 
he subsequently became very proficient in 
foreign languages. In 18560 he went to Brazil 
in connection with a German horticultural 
establishment, and in 1858 he was engaged 
by Linden, when he commenced his 
remarkable journey across the continent of 
South America, from the mouth to the source 
of the Amazon. In 1870, he entered Messrs. 
Veitch’s service, and proceeded to the 
Philippines in search of Phalenopsis, but 
does not appear to have met with much 
success. In 1872 he was sent to New 
Grenada, and in 1875 he explored the north 
and central regions of South America. 
Wallis next visited Panama, where he was 
dangerously ill with fever, from which he 
somewhat recovered, but a second attack 
proved fatal, and he died there, June 20th, 
1878. He will best be remembered by 
Masdevallia Wallisii and Epidendrum Wallisi. 

Walter Davis went to Chelsea in 1870 and 
served under John Dominy in the New Plant 
Department, eventually becoming foreman of 
the Nepenthes and Fine Foliage Plants In 
1873 Davis was selected with the special 
object of visiting South America, for the 
purpose of securing a quantity of Masdevallia 
Veitchiana, then very scarce. He met with 
much success, and also sent home others of 
this genus, one of which, proving to be new, 
was named Masdevallia Davisii by Professor 
Reichenbach. Some idea of the remarkable 
enthusiasm of this man may be obtained 
from the fact that during his stay in South 
America he crossed the Cordilleras of the 
Andes in Peru and Bolivia no less than 
twenty times, at elevations of 14,000 to 
17,000 feet, and he traversed that vast 
country from one side to the other, along the 
whole length of the Amazon valley. 

Peter C. M. Veitch collected in Australia, 
South Sea Islands and Borneo, during the 
years 1875-1878. The whole of his collection 
of plants made in the Fiji Islands was lost 
in a gale at sea, and in 1877, when again 
visiting Australia, he had the misfortune to 
be shipwrecked off the north coast of that 
country, and for a second time everything 


264 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


was lost. Although fairly successful with 
many plants, he does not appear to have done 
much with Orchids. 

Guillermo Kalbreyer left England in 1876 
for the West Coast of Africa in search of 
tropical plants. In July, 1877, he returned 
to England, bringing a collection of plants 
which included two new Orchids :—Brachy- 
corythis Kalbreyeri, a terrestrial species, 
named by Reichenbach in compliment to the 
discoverer, and Pachystoma Thomsoniana, an 
epiphyte, named, at Kalbreyer’s request, in 
honour of the Rev. George Thomson, a 
missionary in that unhealthy district. His 
next journey was to Colombia, his principal 
plants being Odontoglossum Pescatorei and 
O. triumphans. In July, 1878, he again 
visited Colombia, and sent home some 
extraordinary forms of Odontoglossum 
Pescatorei, including O. Pescatorei Veitchu, 
and O. triumphans, O. tripudians, O. hastila- 
bium, O. coronarium, O. crocidipterum and 
O. blandum, the latter a very difficult species 
to import alive. Kalbreyer returned to 
England with a large and choice collection 
of Orchids. In September, 1879, he com- 
menced his fourth journey to Colombia, this 
time travelling down the River Magdalena 
to the Central and Western Cordillera. It 
was here that he found the wonderful 
Anthurianum Veitchu, with leaves over six 
feet in length, climbing trees more than 
60 feet in height. Orchids were again 
collected, and included Odontoglossum 
ramosissimum, ©. sceptrum, Miltonia vexil- 
laria, Cattleya aurea, C. Warscewiczii, 
Cypripedium Roezlu, C. Schlimu alba, and 
several interesting Masdeyallias. Several 
consignments of these were sent to Chelsea, 
and in September, 1880, Kalbreyer returned 
to England, bringing with him many living 
plants and a great collection of dried Ferns, 
comprising some 360 species, of which 18 
were new to science. His last journey for 
Messrs. Veitch was commenced in December, 
1880, when he once again visited Colombia. 
Odontoglossum crispum was mainly collected, 
the plants being brought to England in June 
of the same year. Not content with this 
country he decided to finish his days in 


[August, 1913. 


Colombia, so once again he crossed the ocean, 
and arriving at Bogota started business as 
an Orchid exporter. His death took place 
in the autumn of 1912. 

Christopher Mudd, son of a former curator 
of the Cambridge Botanic Gardens, went on 
an expedition to South Africa in 1877. The 
mission was practically a failure, and Mudd 
eventually settled in New Zealand. 

F. W. Burbidge started for Borneo in 1877, 
his special object being the introduction of 
certain Pitcher Plants known to inhabit that 
island. His Orchids included Phalaenopsis 
Marie, Dendrobium Burbidgei, and Aerides 
Burbidgei, all rare. On his return from 
Borneo in 1879, Burbidge was appointed 
curator of the Botanical Gardens at Trinity 
College, Dublin. His death took place at 
Dublin, December 24th, 1905. 

Charles Maries was engaged during the 
years 1877-1879 as a collector in Japan and 
China. He does not appear to have had 
any connection with Orchids. 

Charles Curtis, collector in Madagascar, 
Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and the Moluccas, 
1878-1884. His first trip was to Mauritius 
and Madagascar, where he collected several 
interesting Orchids. On the trip to Borneo 
Curtis was accompanied by David Burke, 
who returned with the collection made in 
Sarawak. The plants brought home by him 
included Cypripedium Stonei, C. Lown, and 
many Vandas. Curtis next proceeded to 
Pontianak in Dutch Borneo, with the object 
of acquiring a consignment of Phalaenopsis 
violacea, then very rare. On the termination 
of his engagement in 1884, Curtis was 
appointed Superintendent of the Botanic 
Gardens at Penang, from which he retired 
in December, 1903. In commemoration of 
his services to botany, Cypripedium Curtisu 
bears his name. 

David Burke was born in Kent, 1854, and 
after entering the employ of Messrs. Veitch 
was sent on a trial trip to Borneo with Curtis. 
His next mission was to British Guiana, 
in 1881, where-he gathered the ware 
Zygopetalum Burkei. Subsequent journeys 
included two to the Philippine Islands for 
Phalaenopsis, two to New Guinea, and one, 


August, 1913.| THE 


in 1891, to the then newly-annexed provinces 
of Upper Burmah for Orchids. During the 
years 1894-1890 he made three trips to 
Colombia for Cattleya Mendelu, C. Schrédere, 
C. Triane and Odontoglossum  crispum. 
Burke’s last journey was to the Moluccas, 
and in the island of Amboina, belonging to 
the last-named group, he died, April 11th, 
1897. 

James Herbert Veitch travelled to India, 
Malaysia, Japan, Corea, the Australian 
Colonies and New Zealand, 1891-1893. He 
cannot be said to have taken much interest 
in Orchids, for there is little recorded in 
connection with his journey. 


ORCHID WORLD. 26 


wn 


E. H. Wilson journeyed to Central and 
Western China and on to the Tibetan 
Frontier, 1899-1905. His remarkable collec- 
tions of Chinese plants and seeds have been 
freely spoken of in the various horticultural 
journals. Some idea of their magnitude may 
be gained from the fact that during five 
years they amounted to 25,000 dried 
specimens, representing some 5,000 species ; 
seeds of 1,800 species; and no less than 
30,000 bulbs of new and rare species of 
Lilium, ete. Cypripedium Tibeticum was 
introduced by Wilson, and flowered with 
Messrs. James Veitch and Son, June, 1905. 
Cymbidium Wilsoni also bears his name. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
SUMMER EXHIBITION AT HOLLAND HOUSE. 


July ist, 2nd and 3rd, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the chair), Mr. James 
O'Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, 
Bart., Messrs. de B. Crawshay, W. Bolton, 
Gurney Wilson, A. Dye, S. W. Flory, R. G. 
Thwaites, W. H. White, W. P. Bound, Walter 
Cobb, A. McBean, Stuart Low, Wilson Potter, 
W. H. Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shill, 
H. J. Chapman, R. Brooman-White, R. A. 
Rolfe, W. Waters Butler, G. F. Moore, F. 
Sander, J. Charlesworth, C. J. Lucas, J. S. 
Moss and A. A. Peeters. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
Reigate, was awarded a Large Silver Cup for 
a very beautiful exhibit of Orchids. <A 
special feature was the fine show made by 
specimen Odontiodas, one of which received 
Cultural Commendation. Many varieties of 
Odontioda Papilio gattonensis were staged. 
Cypripediums included callosum Sander 
with eight flowers; Odontoglossums were 
well represented, one of the best being Od. 
Lady Roxburgh cirrhosum x _percultum). 
The yellow Lissochilus speciosus, Sobralia 
Colmanie, Miltonia Lambeauiana, as well as 
numerous botanical specimens made up a 
most effective and praiseworthy group. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 


awarded the Coronation Cup for the finest 
exhibit in the Show, and a Gold Medal. The 
group contained many superb specimens of 
Phalenopsis Rimestadiana arranged on an 
elevated centre, while underneath their grace- 
ful spikes were masses of Miltonia vexillaria. 
At the extreme ends of the group were 
magnificent specimens of Cattleya Warsce- 
wiczil Sanderiana, many of which had from 
five to seven flowers on a spike, and possessed 
very dark and large labellums. Miltonia 
Sandere and Cattleya Mossiz Dreadnought 
were two specialities that obtained awards. 
Well-flowered plants of Dendrobium Dearei, 
the new Miltonioda Cooperi, Acineta chry- 
santha, the pretty Cypripedium Charles 
Sladden and Odontoglossum Uro-Skinneri 
album were also shown. Along the front 
row were various species of botanical interest, 
many of which, if not new, were very rare, 
while in prominent positions were selected 
varieties of the numerous hybrids for which 
Messrs. Sander have long been famous. 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Gold Medal for a 
magnificent exhibit of beautiful hybrids and 
rare species. A novelty was to be seen in 
Odontioda Brewii (Charlesworthii x Harry- 
anum) with a large flower of deep bronzy-red 


266 THE (ORCHID 


colour; while Odontioda Wailsoni “ The 
President” was the finest form yet seen of 
this hybrid between C. vulcanica and O. 
Pescatorei. Several well-cultivated specimens 
of the Madagascan Grammangis Ellisu, which 
secured Cultural Commendation, and Spatho- 
glottis plicata were noticed. Odontiodas and 
Odontoglossums were shown in very fine 
form, the latter including President Poincaré 
and Olympia, both of which were excellent 
examples of the genus. Lzelio-Cattleya “ The 
President” had immense bulbs, and carried 
eight richly coloured flowers. A*ranthus 
grandiflorus, Cymbidium tigrinum, as well as 
many rarities, were to be seen in the front, 
while along the back rows were numerous 
specimens of various summer flowering 
hybrids for which this firm has long been 
celebrated. 

Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, 
Leeds, were awarded a Silver Cup for a very 
tastefully arranged group, the centre con- 
taining a fine specimen Miultonia vewillaria 
“Queen Alexandra,” Cattleya Warscewiczii, 
with 13 large flowers, and some excellent 
plants of Odontoglossum Williamsianum. A 
distinct selection of Lalio-Cattleya Aphrodite, 
several good Cattleya hybrids, and albino 
species were to be seen in prominent positions. 
The Odontoglossums included McNabianum, 
of bright colour, Ossulstonu, with numerous 
flowers, and choice varieties of crispum. A 
very pretty effect was given by including 
dwarf spikes of Disa grandiflora among the 
decorative ferns, and foliage plants. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, secured a Silver Cup for an extensive 
and interesting exhibit, the specimens of 
Renanthera Imschootiana being the darkest 
coloured forms yet seen, and making an 
effective contrast to the white flowering 
Phalaenopsis Rimestadiana, of which good 
specimens were also shown. A choice bloom 
was to be seen on Cattleya Mossia Wageneri 
variety Princess Mary Mestchersky, and a 
magnificent form of Cattleya Dupreana was 
much admired. Cattleya Mendelii Sunray 
had the petals flushed on their centres with 
bright purple, the lip also being of the same 
colour. Strong plants of Vanda teres were 


WORLD. [August, r913. 


along the back row, and at various places of 
advantage were excellent specimens of the 
best species, including Stanhopea tigrina, 
Chysis bractescens, Acineta densa, and the 
very rare Phalzenopsis Rimestadiana alba. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, secured 
a Silver Banksian Medal for a group of 
choice Orchids, which included Cattleya 
Mendelii Lambeauiana, a pure white flower 
with a bluish tinge on the labellum, Cypri- 
pedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, Cyp. 
callosum Sandere, as well as Cattleya Mossi 
Wageneri, represented the albino section. 
Cypripedium 
extremely dark flowers, was well grown. The 
curious Nanodes Meduse and Bulbophyllum 
barbigerum were also included. 

Mr. Sidney Flory, Twickenham, was 
awarded a Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a group 
containing an interesting selection of the 
pretty-leaved Ancectochilus. Cypripediums 
were represented by Stonei and a very good 
form of Mary Beatrice. Cattleya Gaskelliana 
alba and Lzelio-Cattleya Rubens appeared to 
advantage. Several excellent Odontoglossum 
hybrids and various Cattleya species helped 
to make a very pretty exhibit. 

Mr. Harry Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, 
Wandsworth Common, received a Silver Flora 
Medal for a nice group of various species 
and hybrids. Cattleya Mossize Wagener, 
Cymbidium Lowianum and Odontoglossum 
Wilckeanum were all well-grown. Several 
hybrids of Odontoglossum Edwardn and 
some Odontiodas added colour to the group. 

Messrs. Jas. Veitch and Sons, Kinz’s Road, 
Chelsea, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal 
for an interesting display in which several 
home-raised plants of Disa grandiflora were 
included. Leelio-Cattleya Domuiniana, of rich 
colour, and various hybrid Odontoglossums 
were shown in good form. 

de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, 
Sevenoaks, sent Odontoglossum Boadicea 
(triumphans x ardentissimum), a very large 
flower, with broad petals, and one of the 
finest additions to the yellow section; also 
Od. Vesta. See “New Hybrids.” 

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South 
Woodford, exhibited two strong plants of 


Gowerl magnificum, with 


August, 1913.| 
Odontioda Lambeauiana, one of which 
carried a spike of 14 flowers. 

W. Waters Butler, Esq, Southfield, 
Edgbaston, showed Cattleya Warscewiczil 
“J. Charlesworth,” a _ particularly good 
variety ; also Cattleya Clymene, a rare hybrid 
between C. Warscewiczii and C. Rex. 

Mons. Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent, exhibited 
Miltonia Hyeana gracilis, a very distinct 
flower with rose flushing; M. Hyeana 
ardentissima, creamy-white with a dark 
centre; and M. vexillaria gigas, an extremely 
large form. 

Mr. W. A. Manda, St. Albans, showed 
Cattleya Warscewiczii Mandaiana, with 
salmon-red coloured flowers, and C. Mendelii 
Mandaiana, with purple tips to the petals. 


AWARDS. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 

Miltonioda Harwoodiu Fowler’s variety 
(M. vexillaria x C. Noezliana), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq.—A beautiful result, and finer 
in shape and colour than the forms previously 
seen. 

Miltonia Sandere (St. André x vexillaria 
G. D. Owen), from Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
St. Albans——One of the finest results so far 
obtained in Miltonias. The flowers are white, 
flushed with rose, the mask on the lip being 
almost black. The whole flower being 
exceedingly attractive. 

Odontioda Brewu (Charlesworthii x 
Harryanum), from Messrs. Charlesworth 


and CO. Seep, 2'5,5° 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 

Cattleya Mossiz Olympia, from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and Co.—A particularly fine 
form of this well-known species. 

Odontioda Wilsonii The President (C. 
vulcanica x O. Pescatorei), from Messrs. 
Charlesworth and CoA remarkable result, 
far superior to the many forms of this hybrid 
previously seen. Flowers large, white, evenly 
spotted with violet-purple. 

Cattleya Mossiz Dreadnought, from 
Messrs. Sander and Sons.—A very beautiful 
and immense flower, the petals being 
unusually broad. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 267 


Cattleya Magnet var. Serenata, from 
Messrs. Mansell and Hatcher, Rawdon, 
Yorks—A very rich form of the hybrid 
between Whitei and Mossie, first shown by 


Sir George Holford, March 5th, 1912. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. Hay- 
wards Heath, for Grammangis Ellisii, one 
specimen having two spikes from one bulb. 

To Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., for a grand 
plant of Odontioda Bradshawie. 


July 15th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. 
James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. 
Veitch, Messrs. J. S. Moss, Gurney Wilson, 
ee Walson= Potter, KR. G. Thwaites, F. M. 
Ogilvie, T. Armstrong, C. H. Curtis, W. Cobb, 
J, Charlesworth, We EH. Hatcher, J. E. Shill, 
R. Brooman-White, W. Bolton, C. J. Lucas, 
H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, W. H. White, and 
S: W... Flory 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a good 
group containing Odontioda Magali Sander, 
the attractive Ancistrochilus Thompsonianus, 
and Platyclinis filiformis. Leelio-Cattleyas 
were represented by many distinct forms, and 
a strong plant of Vanda coerulea carried two 
spikes of large flowers. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a pretty exhibit of various species and 
hybrids. The rare Lycaste  trifoliata, 
Anguloa Clifton, a well-flowered plant of 
Peristeria elata, and two neat plants of 
Paphinia cristata. A good dark variety of 
Manillaria nigrescens was also included. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Bush Hill 
Park, Enfield, were awarded a_ Silver 
Banksian Medal for an interesting group, in 
which were Chysis bractescens, Aerides 
multiflorum, the elegant Cuirrhopetalum 
pulchrum, several good Miltonias and Cypri- 
pedium Maudie. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited Anguloa Cliftoni, with four flowers, 
the pretty Odontioda Papilio gattonensis, 


268 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Catasetum fimbriatum, and the rare Catasetum 
Colmane. 

E. de Quincy, Esq., Oakwood, Chislehurst, 
sent Cypripedium Wiertzianum (Rothschild- 
ianum x Lawrenceanum), with six flowers. 

Mons. H. Graire, St. Fuscien, Amiens, 
sent Odontioda Brindejone des Moulinais 
(Odontioda Devossiana x Odontoglossum 
Arlequin), with a many flowered spike of 
reddish-purple blooms. 

The Earl of Craven, Coombe Abbey, 
Coventry (gr. Mr. H. Chandler), exhibited 
Lelio-Cattleya Martinetti Coombe variety, a 
very distinct form with primrose-yellow sepals 
and petals and purple lip. The variety of 
Mossiz known as Arnoldiana was used in the 
production of this hybrid. 

A. W. D. Oakes, Esq., Knockwood, Short- 
lands, Kent (gr. Mr. Fame), exhibited a good 
specimen of Aerides odoratum growing on 
a raft and bearing eight many-flowered 
spikes of bloom. 


AWARDS. 
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 


Dendrobium Dearei McBean’s variety, 
from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge. 
—A remarkably fine variety of this white 
flowering species from the Philippine Islands. 
The plant carried two spikes having a total 
of twenty flowers. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Cooksoniz venusta (O. ardentis- 
simum x C. Noezliana), from Lieut.-Col. Sir 
George Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. 
Mr. H. G. Alexander)—A very beautiful 
result in which the large flower is almost 
covered with brilliant red, the apex of the 
lip light rose. The spike carried 22 flowers. 

Odontioda Thwaitesii “Purple Emperor ” 
(O. Harryanum x C. vulcanica), from E. H. 
Davidson, Esq., Orchid Dene, Twyford.— 
One of the finest varieties of this handsome 
hybrid. The plant carried a branching spike 
of 35 bronze-purple flowers. 

Paphinia cristata, from Messrs. Charles- 
worth and Co.—A very beautiful Orchid, and 
one, unfortunately, now very scarce. The 


[August, 1913. 


comparatively small plant carried a spike of 
two large flowers, about 4 inches across, 
white, but almost covered with longitudinal 
streaks of claret-red. The well-developed 
labellum is dark purple with white hairs at 
the apex. Years ago this species was more 
often seen, but its difficult cultivation seemed 
to be the cause of its rareness during later 
times. It is much to be hoped that correct 
methods of culture can now be given. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 

June 5th, 1913. 
MEMBERS of the Committee present: Messrs. 
Z. A. Ward (in the chair), H. Thorp, J. Evans, 
D. McLeod, Dr. Hartley, J. Bamber, C. Parker, 
G. Weatherby, A. J. Keeling, W. Shackleton, 
A. G. Ellwood, J. Lupton, J. Cypher, and H. 
Arthur (Secretary). 

A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to 
R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, and a similar 
award to Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, 
Tunbridge Wells. 

A Large Silver Medal was granted to A. 
Warburton, Esq. Haslingden, and Silver 
Medals to Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Chel- 
tenham; Messrs. A. J. Keeling and Sons, 
Bradford ; and the Liverpool Orchid Co. 

A Bronze Medal and Cultural Certificate 
were awarded to Mr. Dalgleish (gr. to A. 
Warburton, Esq.) for a fine plant of Cypri- 
pedium Rothschildianum carrying five fully 
expanded flowers on one stem. 

A Bronze Medal and Cultural Certificate 
were granted to Mr. Weatherby (gr. to Z. A. 
Ward, Esq.) for Odontoglossums, one of 
which had a spike of 74 flowers. 

Other exhibitors included O. O. Wrigley, 
Esq., Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Messrs. Stuart 
Low and Co. and Messrs. Charlesworth 
and Co. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. 
Ccelogyne pandurata, a very fine variety, 
from Messrs. Armstrong and Brown. 
AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Odontioda Vuylstekeew Ashlands var., and 
Odontoglossum Vertumis, both the property 
of R. Ashworth, Esq. 


, 
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J 


SEPTEMBER, 1913. 


——6 sane 
NOTES: 


VICARIATE FOR THE REv. J. B. HALL— 
The Rev. J. Bernard Hall has recently 
accepted the country living of Farnham-with- 
Scotton, near Knaresborough. It was in 
1910 that he became the Secretary of the 
newly-formed North of England Horticultural 
Society, a position which he is now retaining 
in an honorary capacity. 


“uy “y “y 
MY “YE MY 


AWARD CARDS.— The Council of the 
Royal Horticultural Society has decided that 
the Secretary of each Committee must write 
the name of the certificated plant on the 
award card given to it, and that such card 
be also signed by the Chairman. This is on 
account of some cards having been misplaced, 
with the result that more than one exhibitor 
has claimed the same award. We are glad 
to be able to state that this error has not yet 
occurred in connection with the Orchid 
Committee, although the new regulation will 
greatly assist in its prevention. 


y 
¥y 


ORCHIDS OF SELANGOR.—The /ournal of 
the Linnean Society, Vol. XLL., p. 285, contains 
an account of an expedition made by Mr. N. 
Ridley to Mount Menuang Gasing, one of the 
peaks of the range which forms the backbone 
of the Federated Malay States. The Orchids 
include Oberonia grandis, a new species and 
probably the largest of the genus. The 
stems are 12-18 inches long including the 
spike, and with about six long curved leaves. 

VOL. IIL. 


Spikes not very crowded, but flowering to 
the base. Flowers apparently yellow, with 
the sepals broad and short. Some eighteen 
other Orchids are mentioned, mostly of 
botanical interest. 


KS 
Ve 
A 


“y vy 
GE KA 


POLLEN STILL BEING STOLEN.—We have 
again the unpleasant task of recording the 
further loss of valuable pollen. At the 
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, 
August 12th, the pollen was stolen from the 
Odontoglossum Queen Alexandra exhibited 
by Mr. de Barri Crawshay. Something in the 
way of very severe regulations will have to 
be enforced to put a stop to this reprehensible 
state of affairs. The thieves are evidently 
experts, and know how to select the most 
valuable specimens for their contemptible 
work. 


XX 


es 
NE 


STANHOPEA CONVOLUTA.—The Botanical 
Magazine for August contains a coloured 
plate of this species, a native of Colombia, 
where it was first discovered in the province 
of Antioquia, and imported by M. F. Claes, 
in whose establishment at Brussels it flowered 
in September, 1909. The illustration was 
prepared from a plant presented to Kew by 
Messrs. Charlesworth in 1911. It is most 
nearly related, states Mr. Rolfe, to S. tricornis, 
but it has larger flowers, and there are other 
differences in the structure of the lip. 


34 


270 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


L#£LIO-CATTLEYA BLACK PRINCE.—A 
very remarkable variety of this hybrid, 
between C. Hardyana and L.-C. bletchley- 
ensis, was shown by Count Joseph de 
Hemptinne at the Ghent Exhibition, August, 
1913. The large open labellum was of a 
colour very rarely seen, being of rich crimson- 
red, with a glowing overtint. Experts 
declared it to be one of the most beautiful 
lips yet produced. 


Se Ye 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ASU RAC URAC wai 
AUREUM. — A flower of this albino variety, 
probably the rarest of all the Odontoglossums, 
for there is but one plant known, comes from 
the collection of Mr. de Barri Crawshay, 
Sevenoaks. The brown blotching is nearly 
eliminated, leaving the flower almost pure 
yellow. The species was first described in 
the Kew Bulletin, 1892, from plants imported 
by Messrs. Sander with O. nevium, the name 
being given in allusion to the ear-like side 
lobes of the lip. It is very closely allied to 
O. Lindleyanum, but differs in having a 
hastately trilobed lip, the disc of which is light 
purple instead of brown. The sepals and 
petals are light yellow with a large brown 
blotch near the apex, and a few much 
smaller ones below. The long claw of the 
lip, the side lobes, and crest are white, the 
disc light purple, passing into light brown 
towards the apex of the front lobe. 


VANDA CGERULEA.— TREATMENT OF OLD 
PLANTS.—In many collections are to be seen 
old plants which have become “ leggy” 
and have lost vigour, and to bring such 
round to a normal state of health requires 
a considerable amount of care and attention. 
“ Leggy” plants, that is, those which have 
lost most of their lower leaves and have 
only a bare stem, should have _ this 
cut about two inches below the _ last 
pair of healthy leaves, and be _ potted 
afresh, giving them a warm, moist and shady 
position until again re-established. Where, 
however, the bare stem possesses healthy 
roots below in the compost, it should not be 


[September, 1913. 


cut, but living green sphagnum moss should 
be tied round with copper wire. This will 
induce the formation of new roots and, in 
course of time, the plants may be cut down 
as desired. Plants which have somewhat 
exhausted themselves by producing several 
flower spikes should be re-potted, any dead 
roots cut away, and also dead foliage removed. 
Generally a fresh and sweet compost, and a 
slightly warmer temperature for the first few 
weeks, are all that this Orchid needs to recoup. 
Tall plants must always be made very firm 
in their compost, as if loosely potted they will 
take longer to obtain a firm hold ——C. Alwyn 
Harrison, Oneglia, Italy. 


eunbeae oe 
GY YY YY 


SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF 
NATURE RESERVES.—In view of the dangers 
which at present seriously threaten the 
indigenous fauna and flora of Great Britain 
with extinction, this Society has been formed 
with the following objects:—1. To collect 
and collate information as to areas of land 
in the United Kingdom which retain their 
primitive conditions, and contain rare and 
local species lable to extinction owing to 
building, drainage, and disafforestation, or in 
consequence of the cupidity of collectors. 
All such information to be treated as strictly 
confidential. 2. To prepare a scheme 
showing which areas should be secured. 3. To 
obtain these areas and hand them over to 
the National Trust, under such conditions 
as may be necessary. 4. To preserve for 
posterity as a national possession some part 
at least of our native land, its fauna, flora 
and geological features. 5. To encourage 
the love of Nature and to educate public 
opinion to a better knowledge of the value 
of Nature Study. These objects are to be 
obtained by means of the Press, by personal 
efforts, and by correspondence with local 
societies and individuals. The Society exacts 
no subscription from its members, who are 
elected by invitation of the Executive Com- 
mittee. All interested in the objects here 
outlined are invited to communicate with the 
Secretaries of the Society, Natural History 
Museum, London, S.W. 


September, 1913. | THE ORCHID WORLD. 


tN 
NJ 


Phalenopses flowering in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury. 


PHALANOPSES AT BRIDGE HALL—The 
photograph which we reproduce shows seven 
well-grown plants of Phalaenopsis in_ the 
collection of Mr. O. O. Wrigley, Bury, Lancs. 
At the meeting of the Manchester Orchid 
Society, July 3rd, 1913, a Cultural Certificate 
and Bronze Medal were awarded to the 
grower, Mr. Rogers, who kindly sends the 
following particulars:—“ Five of the seven 
plants were purchased in 1904, and for three 
years their cultivation was attempted in 
shallow pans, but they gradually became 
smaller until there was but very little of them 
left. We then put them into small baskets, 
with a compost of peat, leaves, moss, sand and 
a little charcoal. Plenty of water was given 
during the growing season, but only just 
sufficient during the resting season to keep 
the leaves plump. We ventilate freely both 
day and night at all times, unless we have a 
thick fog, which oftens occurs in winter time. 
Since we made the change the plants 
have continually progressed, one spike of 


P. Rimestadiana had thirty-five flowers and 
buds on one stem.” 
YY YY ¥y 

PHILADELPHIA NOTES.—Orchids were air 
plants long before aeroplanes were; also 
safer, and they smell better. And there’s 
lots of hot air for them to thrive on at 
Atlantic City—Horticulture, U.S.A. 


iss 


Z VAN ANT 
yy <¥y ¥y 


CATTLEYA CITRINA—I have long had 
plants, and fancy I still have my very oldest 
bought many years ago, probably 17 or 18 
years, although very small, but it has 
improved since | came here. I find this plant 
benefits by a current of air directly brought 
to bear on it. The door of the cool-house is 
almost always open in summer and _ winter, 
except in frosty or very dry weather, which 
treatment no doubt helps the 
Epidendrum vitellinum also benefits by this 
free air treatment—Ewustace F. Clark, 
Evershot, Dorset. 


species. 


272 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[September, 1913. 


Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas) flowering in the collection of Clement Moore, Esq., Hackensack, N.J., 
U.S.A. The photograph shows 9 spikes with a total of 69 flowers. 


SPECIMEN CATTLEYAS.—A recent issue of 
Horticulture, U.S.A.. mentions two fine 
specimens of Cattleya Mossiz, belonging to 
the Western Orchid Company, which were 
exhibited in San Francisco when in full 
bloom. One plant, grown in a 22-in. pan, 
bore 90 flowers. The other plant was in a 
24-1n. pan and carried 150 flowers. 


GHENT JURY.—The members of the Orchid 
Jury at the recent Ghent Exhibition were :— 
Messrs. J. Charlesworth, R. le Moinier, 
Ch. Maron, du Trieu de Terdonck, G. Vincke, 
Van Imschoot, F. Lambeau, Ch. Dietrich, 
A. Janssens, Ch. Sladden, O. Fanyau, L. 
Pynaert, and Gurney Wilson (secrétaire 
général). 


“yy oy 
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Ke 


VANDA MARGUERITE MARON. 


This very 


beautiful hybrid was first exhibited by M. 
Chas. Maron, at the Temple Show, 1903. 
The parents are V. teres and V. suavis, and 
the habit of the plant may best be described 
as intermediate in character. The fleshy 
leaves at first sight appear to be terete in 
fashion, and similar in shape, although 
somewhat larger, to V. teres, but closer 
examination will show that the V. suavis parent 
is well represented by the longitudinal manner 
in which the leaves attempt to open along 
their upper part. The plant takes after teres 
in its shy-flowering nature, but when in 
bloom amply repays one for the trouble of 
waiting. The individual flowers measure 
about three inches across, are of a pale blush- 
lilac, with many small purple dots. The 
large lip is light yellow, with the middle lobe 
bright purple and with darker spots. M. 
Chas. Maron and Messrs. Charlesworth both 
exhibited excellent specimens at the Ghent 
Show, August, 1913. 


September, 1913. TEE 


Celogyne Sanderiana. 


Ca:LOGYNE SANDERIANA.—This beautiful 
representative of the genus was introduced 
by Fostermann, for Messrs. Sander and Sons, 
in 1887. A native of the Sunda Isles, it has 
always remained very scarce, and appears 
to be shy-flowering, although when 
once the cultural details of the plant are 
understood, good results follow. In 1892, 
Mr. W. H. Robins, gr. to Mr. J. Vanner, of 
Chislehurst, grew a fine plant which pro- 
duced three spikes, each carrying ten flowers. 
The subject of our illustration is a strong 
specimen in the collection of Sir John 
Edwards-Moss, Bart., Roby Hall, Torquay, 
who obtained the plant some five years ago. 
It has recently flowered for the first time, 
and may be described as an exceptionally 
well-cultivated specimen. The large flowers 
have the sepals and petals snow-white, the 
lip with a bright yellow disc, bearing six 
fringed keels, the side lobes streaked with 
brown. 


ONCIDIUM MICROCHILUM.—This pretty 
species was introduced some 70 years ago 
from Guatemala by Mr. Ure Skinner, who 
has given the following information con- 
“The Oncidium 


‘ 


cerning its native habitat : 

microchilum I first found on the top of the 

‘Cuesta’ of Puentezuelas, some thirteen 

leagues from Guatemala, and sent it to 
Viol. Lik 


ORCHID WORLD. 7 2 


Mr. Bateman in 1838. It was growing on 


bare rock, with a quantity of dead leaves and 
grasses about its bulbs, and its roots woven 
into the interstices of the rock and mould 
about it; very much exposed to the sun, 
except during the middle of the day, when 
a ledge of rock seemed to afford it a little 
shade. I afterwards found it in great abund- 
ance on the rocky banks of the river 
Michatayal. 
situations, generally exposed and always 
among rocks. 


I never saw it except in such 


It is very fragrant, and in 
its native habitat I have always observed the 
sepals and petals darker and more marked 
than when flowered in England. The 
temperature generally of the above habitats 
is 08-70 degrees; and, from being exposed, 
cold at nights.” The glaucous flower stem 
carries numerous small flowers about an inch 
across; the sepals and petals brown, marked 
with yellow; the front lobe of the labellum 
very small; the side lobes whitish, basally 
marked with purple. 


RODRIGUEZIA SECUNDA.—Of this species 
Mr. Rand, of Para, Brazil, has written in 
the New York Horticultural Society’s Pvo- 
ceedings as follows:—Rodriguezia secunda 
in the shape of a large plant makes a 
magnificent show. One of my plants is as 
large as a bushel measure, and had last 
winter more than 100 long spikes of bloom. 
This species is no less ornamental in seed 
than in flower, the capsules bursting and 
showing the masses of infinitesimal white 
seeds which look lke woolly flowers. It is 
very common around Para, the mango trees 
being full of it, and it is in fact almost the 
only Orchid which is found in the city itself. 
There is a great difference in the plants; 
some have thin leaves, few spikes and pale 
flowers, and others thick, fleshy leaves, and 
many spikes with rich cherry-coloured 
blossoms. The best are quite as handsome 
as Saccolabium ampullaceum. Rodriguezia 
laxiflora is a charming little plant, with long 
pendant spikes of greenish-yellow flowers 
with small white lip, which fill the whole air 
with rich spicy fragrance. 


wn» 
ae 


274 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


CHYTROGLOSSA MARILEONI-. 


HIS scarce, but nevertheless interesting 
T Orchid is the subject of an illustra- 
tion in the Journal of the Royal 
Horticultural Society, Vol. I, 1866. The 
technical description is by H. G. Reichenbach 
fils, who also wrote the following note, which 
is worthy of reproduction :— 

“On looking back to my past life, there 
is nothing in it that I value more than the 
intercourse I have enjoyed with so many 
distinguished naturalists and __ travellers. 
Amongst my most cherished souvenirs, I 
regard the opportunities I have had of seeing 
my lamented well-wisher and friend, Dr. 
Lindley, at four various times of my life. 
I enjoyed for more than six weeks his 
company. During the whole of that time I 
was at work on his collection of dried 
Orchids, allowed to make copies of all his 
drawings, and even to take flowers where 
they could be spared. The fruits of this 
activity have enabled me to work with great 
security, knowing pretty well the Lindleyan 
materials. 

“When I met with anything remarkable, 
I always wrote to Dr. Lindley, who, notwith- 
standing all his numerous occupations, was 
ever ready to render justice to any Orchid. 
I remember very well one foggy November 
morning, when I made an analysis of a most 
curious Orchid, of which Dr. Lindley 
possessed a single zig-zag raceme with a few 
pellucid flowers. The plant had been 
gathered at Novo Friborgo, near Rio Janeiro, 
by the Chevalier Pinel, and Mademoiselle 
Marie Léonie Pinel had prepared for the 
Doctor a nice coloured sketch. One flower, 
the best, was sacrificed for an analysis, and 
Dr. Lindley attended and watched my 
dissection. I have just now before me my 
own sketch. There was no anther, there was 
no free rostellum to be found, and regarding 
the plant as a neighbour of Ornithocephalus, 
we wanted a long beak or proboscis as of 
an elephant. There was, moreover, no 
stigmatic cavity. 

“Tt was the first Orchid we had ever seen 
with a very long dorsal sepal and very small 


[September, 1913. 


lateral ones added to all the deficiencies 
noted above, and we looked at each other 
as two companion generals after a lost battle, 
and for the whole of the remainder of the 
day Orchids appeared to us less agreeable 
than they used to do. I named the plant 
Chytroglossa Marileoni, in just and due 
acknowledgment of Mademoiselle Marie 
Léonie’s merits as regarded the plant.” 


A RUSSIAN ORCHID BOOK. 


is a sure sign that these flowers are 

worthy of all the attention now being 
given them. We are fully justified in using 
our best endeavours to make this beautiful 
family of plants still wider known, for, 
although their cultivation has been taken up 
in almost every country, there are many 
lovers of Nature’s wonders and beauties who 
will gladly welcome every detail of informa- 
tion concerning Orchids and their cultivation. 

The latest addition to Orchid literature is 
a comprehensive work by Dr. J. Troyanowsky, 
the well-known President of the Moscow 
Orchid Society. This book, written entirely 
in the Russian language, consists of 160 
quarto pages of letter-press, and more than 
30 full-page illustrations of various species 
and hybrids. There are also excellent 
coloured plates of Odontoglossum Troya- 
nowsky, Od. crispum Pittianum, Cattleya 
Hardyana and Léelio-Cattleya Dominiana. 

Dr. Troyanowsky has been an enthusiastic 
cultivator of Orchids for 28 years, during 
which period he has gained considerable 
knowledge on the best means of culture 
suitable to the Russian climate. It is with 
the praiseworthy object of assisting other 
amateurs, and with the intention of increasing 
the admiration for Orchids in Russia that 
he has published this excellent book. 

The general arrangement of the book is 
that of a calendar, giving full cultural 
directions for each month in the year, and 
referring to all the various details which from 


ap HE ever-increasing interest in Orchids 


September, 1913. | Cie TORCH TDA WORD): 


time to time prove so necessary to amateurs. 
A useful addition to the work is a number 
of pages giving tabular details of many 
species and hybrids. It is worthy of note 
that the paper, type and general appearance 
of the work are fully equal to the importance 
of the subject. 

We offer our heartiest congratulations to 
Dr. Troyanowsky for the praiseworthy and 
practical manner in which he has encouraged 
the love and cultivation of Orchids in Russia. 
The Moscow Orchid Society has just reason 
to be proud of its President. 


NEW HYBRIDS. 


ODONTIODA DESDEMONA.— This has been 
produced by crossing Cochlioda Noezliana 
with Odontoglossum Othello (Harryanum x 
Adriane). A very fine variety, in which 
the labellum was particularly well-developed, 
was exhibited by the raiser, Mr. de Barri 
Crawshay, at the Royal Horticultural Society, 
July 29th, 1913, when it obtained an Award 
of Merit. 

SCHOMBOLALIA TIBIBROSA.—A_ very 
interesting hybrid between Schomburgkia 
tibicinis and Lelia tenebrosa. The tall, erect 
spike carried several large flowers, of a pecu- 
liar bronzy-orange colour, the lip brown-rose, 
with darker rose markings. Raised by 
Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., and interesting 
for being the first hybrid between the two 
genera. 

LALIO-CATTLEYA FLEUREUZ. — A 
flower of this new hybrid comes from Mr. 
Eustace F. Clark, Evershot, Dorset. The 
parents are C. Loddigesu and L.-C. Agnes, 
the latter being a hybrid between L.-C. 
Schilleriana and L.-C. callistoglossa. In 
general appearance the flower resembles a 
large form of C. Loddigesu; the labellum 
is prettily crimped at the margin, well open at 
the shoulders, and has a rich purple blotch 
on the front of the middle lobe. It is named 
in honour of Madame Fleureau, of Paris. 

ODONTIODA HEMPTINNEANA.—A very 
beautiful hybrid between Cochlioda Ncez- 
liana and Odontoglossum eximium, raised by 


to 


Messrs. Sander and Sons, and exhibited by 
them at the recent Ghent Show. The large 
flower of solid red colour, very bright, and 
with a narow rose margin to the segments. 

BRASSOCATTLAZLIA AMABILIS. — Messrs. 
Sander and Sons have raised this hybrid 
between B.-L. Helen and L.-C. Martinetu. 
This useful addition to the section has bronze- 
rose sepals and petals, a broad, fringed lip, 
orange colour in the centre, and deep rose on 
the margin. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM ATALANTA. — With 
reference to Odontoglossum Hermione men- 
tioned on page 255, we have since heard that 
Mr. W. R. Lee, of Heywood, used this name 
for an Odontoglossum which was awarded 
a First-class Certificate at Manchester, in 
1910, although the parentage was not 
recorded at the time, and, we believe, has not 
yet been stated. To prevent confusion, 
Messrs. Sander have decided to call their 
hybrid between Edwardii and ardentissimum 
by the name Atalanta instead of Hermione. 


CATTLEYA VAN HovuttTe-—This new 
hybrid, between C. Warscewiczii and C. Lord 
Rothschild, obtained a Silver Medal when 
exhibited by Count Joseph de Hemptinne 
at the Ghent Show, August, 1913. The 
flower was of great width, of rose-purple 
colour, the broad labellum dark crimson with 
gold veining. A fine result. 


L#LIO-CATTLEYA JESSICA—A beautiful 
result obtained by crossing L.-C. Clive (C. 
aurea x L. pumila) with C. aurea, and 
flowering in Mr. E. R. Ashton’s collection, 
Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells. The light 
mauve flower has a large labellum, round 
which extends a broad margin of purple, the 
shoulders of the lip being equally well 
coloured. 


L&LIO-CATTLEYA ELSIE LEMARE—A 
spring flowering hybrid, raised from L.-C. 
Euphrosyne and C. Mendelii. The seedling 
is five years old, and when _ exhibited 
at the Royal Horticultural Society, May 
14th, 1913, bore a spike of three flowers, 
the sepals and petals blush-pink, the lip rose- 
purple, with a deep yellow throat. Raised 
by Mr. C. Alwyn Harrison. 


276 TE 


AN INTERESTING HYBRID. 


Epi-Lelia Australia. 


Epi-L&LIA AUSTRALIA—The flower of 
this new hybrid, between Epidendrum ciliare 
and Cattleya Trianz, is 34 inches across the 
petals and 4 inches across the sepals. The 
back of the sepals is dark rose, but viewed from 
the front they are very pale rose. Petals 
white and considerably broadened by the 
Lip pure white with the 
The column is 


Cattleya parent. 
edges beautifully fringed. 
quite exposed, and there is a broad yellow 
line extending’ from the column for about 
half an inch down the middle of the lip. 
Where each flower springs from the stem 
there is a bract, but naturally not so pro- 
nounced as in the Epidendrum parent. The 
whole flower has a _ beautiful, delicate 
appearance, and I consider it a most useful 
addition, not only on account of the flower 
itself, which is distinct from any other Orchid 
I know, but also on account of its flowering 
time being mid-winter. There were only two 
flowers on the spike, but judging by the 
parentage, at least four may be expected 
when the plant is stronger——&. Baxter Cox, 
Adelaide, South Australia. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


[September, 1913. 


AN ENORMOUS ORCHID. 


HERE are not a few amateurs who 
have, from time to time, expressed 
an opinion that the continual 

collecting of Orchids must, before many more 
years elapse, cause a serious scarceness of 
many species in their native homes. Con- 
sidering the long period necessary for the 
formation of a large specimen it is quite 
evident to one and all that many districts 
have been denuded of their treasures at a far 
greater rate than Nature can keep pace with 
the demand. 

The first collector to reach a_ previously 
unsearched country naturally finds the 
Orchids in all their glory, just as centuries 
of time have allowed them to grow undis- 
turbed, and consequently to attain immense 
proportions. It was only the usual course 
of events for a collector to secure the largest 
pieces, which in most instances were fully 
sufficient to load his oxen or mules and alse 
to form a consignment for shipment home. 
As one collector after another visited the 
district, and each gathered only the largest 
plants he could find, so the size gradually 
became less and less until, at the present 
time, we have almost forgotten the wonderful 
plants which our amateurs of years ago took 
so much pleasure in acquiring. 

We have only to go back to the year 1884 
-—not a long period compared with some 
subjects, yet with Orchids sufficiently long 
to show what a great change has taken place 
—when Messrs. Sander and Sons imported 
a marvellous specimen of Cattleya Skinneri 
from Costa Rica. This plant formed a 
symmetrically shaped and compact mass, 
measuring 7 feet in diameter, over 6 feet in 
height, and weighing 12 cwt. 

This remarkable specimen grew on a 
species of Euphorbia and was _ carefully 
watched by its owner, who took great pride 
in showing it to various plant collectors 
visiting Costa Rica. Among the visitors was 
the well-known Roezl, who happened to see 
the plant in full bloom, when he counted 
upwards of 1,500 fully expanded flowers on 
it at one time. 


September, 1913. | 


Notwithstanding the most tempting offers 
from various would-be purchasers, it was not 
until Messrs. Sander and Sons eventually 
secured the prize by offering a handsome sum 
that the specimen was removed from the 
place it had occupied for so many years. 
As one can easily imagine, the removal and 
transit to England was no light task. The 
tree was cut off beneath the specimen and 
the smaller branches above were carefully 
removed. Then the huge packing case which 
had been specially made was brought into use, 
and after an immense amount of labour and 
considerable cost the large package was 
brought to Puntas Arenas, and from thence 
by Royal Mail steamer to Southampton. 

No sooner had this specimen arrived safely 
at Southampton than elaborate preparations 
were made for its cultivation. No ordinary 
elass structure was suitable for such a 
wonder, so bricklayers and carpenters were 
immediately ordered to construct a special 
house in which the plant was suspended by 
a chain attached to the roof, while underneath 
was a large tank of water. 


MILTONIA WARSCEWICZII 
AS A PARENT. 


By C. ALWYN HARRISON. 


N the production of bigeneric hybrids no 
| species has been employed to greater 
advantage than the above, for besides 
yielding seedlings of great decorative value, 
it has imparted good constitution and remark- 
able floriferousness to all its descendants. 

An ample proof is afforded in regard to 
Odontonia Lairessee. This bigener first 
bloomed in 1905, and as early as 1908 the 
writer saw a magnificent specimen, bearing 
four long branching spikes carrying over 200 
flowers, at Messrs. Sander and Sons. 

Miltomia Warscewiczu was named after that 
intrepid Polish collector, who enriched our 
collections in the sixties and seventies with 
many handsome plants. It is a native of 
Colombia, but only found at a_ lower 
elevation than the majority of the Colombian 

VOL. If. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


No 


Odontoglossums, and therefore requires a 
warmer temperature. The cool end of the 
intermediate house forms an ideal situation. 

This species differs considerably in growth 
and in the inflorescence from a Miltonia of 
the vexillaria section, resembling rather an 
Oncidium, and, indeed, Oncidium Weltonu 
isa synonym. It seems to be most successful 
as the seed parent, and from my own 
experience is easy to obtain good seed from 
pods, being usually ripe from nine to ten 
months after cross fertilisation. 

Miltonia Warscewiczii is not very variable, 
but two distinct and beautiful varieties are 
leucochila, possessing more white than the 
type, and picta, a yellowish form. 

The following is a complete list of the 
hybrids so far derived from this species : — 


MILTONIODA. 
Cochlioda 


Cooperi, M. Warscewiczil x 
Noezliana. Sander, 1913. 


ODONTONIA. 


Lairesseze, M. W. x Odontoglossum crispum. 
Lairesse, 1905. 

culiginosa, M. W. x 
Vuylsteke, 1906. 

Lambeauiana, M. W. x O. Lambeauianum. 
Peeters, IQ10. 

Louise, M. W. x O. Ossulstoni. Charles- 
worth, 1912. 


O. Pescatorei. 


Edna, M. W. x O. Wilckeanum. Sander, 
IQI2. 

decora, M. W. x O. Adriane. Sander, 
1912. 

Lelia Sander, M. W. x O. amabile. 


Sander, 1912. 

Roger Sander, M. W. x O. percultum. 
1912. 

St. Alban, M. W. x O Pescatorei. Sander, 
1912. 

Boadicea, M. W. x O. Clytie. Charles- 
worth, 1912. In this the Miltonia was used 
as the pollen parent. 

Magali Sander, M. W. x O. ardentissimum. 


Sander, 1913. 


VUYLSTEKEANA HYEANA. 


Odontonia Lairessez x Cochlioda Neezliana. 
Jules Hye, 1912. 


30 


278 THE ORCHID WORED: 


[September, 1913. 


MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH & SONS: 


ORCHID 


by Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, the 
following are of particular interest : — 

ANGRACUM CITRATUM—First discovered 
by the French botanist, du Petit Thouars, 
towards the end of the eighteenth century 
in Madagascar, but subsequently lost sight of 
until a plant, believed to have been obtained 
through Mr. Ellis, flowered at Chelsea in 
1865. At that time Angraecum citratum was 
exceedingly rare in British collections, and 
continued to be so until the opening of the 
Suez Canal afforded facilities for the more 
rapid transmission of plants from Mada- 
gascar. 

ANGRECUM FALCATUM.—A pretty little 
Orchid of great botanical and horticultural 
interest from the fact that it was the first 
Angrecum cultivated in Europe, and one of 
the earliest of the Japanese Orchids ever 
introduced. It was first sent to this country 
about the year 1813 by Dr. Roxburgh, but 
remained lost to cultivation until re-intro- 
duced by Messrs. Veitch about 1868. 

ANGR&CUM KoTSCHYyI—Discovered in 
1838 by Theodor Kotschy, and in 1876 found 
by the German Hildebrandt on the coast of 
Zanzibar. Three years later living plants 
were sent by Sir John Kirk to Mr. Gerald 
Walker, from whom plants were acquired 
which first flowered at Chelsea in the autumn 
of 1880. 

ARACHNANTHE CATHCARTI—A native of 
shady valleys in the Eastern Himalayas, 
where it was first detected by Sir Joseph 
Hooker, by whom it was sent to the Calcutta 
Gardens. Repeated attempts were made to 
introduce plants to England with more or 
less success, and it flowered for the first time 
at Chelsea, March, 1870. 

ARACHNANTHE Lowim.—-Discovered in 
Sarawak by Sir Hugh Low, but first flowered 
in this country from specimens sent by 
Thomas Lobb in 1858. It was later collected 
by Curtis in the low swampy forests near the 


A MONG the many species introduced 


SPECIES: 


coast of Sarawak. The plant is remarkable 
for the enormous length of its racemes and 
for the occurrence of two kinds of flowers on 
the same inflorescence. [Illustrated in the 
ORCHID WORLD, Vol. IL, p. 34. 

BULBOPHYLLUM LOBBIIL—Sent from Java 
by Thomas Lobb in 1846, and noted for 
being one of the most showy species of the 
genus. 

CALANTHE ROSEA.—First discovered by 
Thomas Lobb in Moulmein early in the year 
1850, and sent by him to Exeter, where it 
flowered in the winter of that year. 

CALANTHE VESTITA.—First introduced into 
European gardens by Dr. Kane, who sent 
the type species and a variety from Moulmein 
to Exeter in 1848. Shortly after Thomas 
Lobb sent the same two forms, with another 
variety since named Turneri, from the same 
district. 

CATTLEYA BOWRINGIANA.— Sent to 
Messrs. Veitch in 1884 from British Hon- 
duras, in Central America, by a correspondent, 
who stated that the plant grows on cliffs by 
a rapid stream flowing over a succession of 
waterfalls, where the atmosphere is always 
highly charged with moisture. 

CATTLEYA DOWIANA—This superb 
Orchid flowered for the first time in England 
at Chelsea, in the autumn of 1865. The 
plants were obtained through Mr. G. Ure- 
Skinner, whose collector, Mr. Arce, had 
obtained them in Costa Rica. Plants had 
previously been sent to this country in 1850, 
but arriving in bad condition had all died 
without flowering. It was the wish of 
Warscewicz, the original discoverer, that his 
plant should bear the name Lawrenceana, in 
compliment to Mrs. Lawrence, of Ealing, but 
as his specimens miscarried, this fact was not 
known until after Bateman had named it in 
compliment to Captain J. M. Dow, of the 
American Packet Service. 

CIRRHOPETALUM ROBUSTUM.—One_ of 
the largest species of the genus. Sent from 


September, 1913. | 


New Guinea by David Burke, then collecting 
for Messrs. Veitch. 

CG@LOGYNE DAYANA.— Imported from 
Borneo through Curtis, and dedicated by 
Reichenbach to Mr. John Day, of Totten- 
ham. It flowered for the first time in this 
country at Chelsea in 1884. 

Ca:LOGYNE VEITCHII—A very distinct 
species, introduced from Western New 
Guinea through David Burke. The pure 
white flowers are produced in racemes. 

CYCNOCHES PENTADACTYLON. — Intro- 
duced from Rio de Janeiro to Exeter through 
William Lobb in 1841. It first flowered in 
March, 1842, from which Dr. Lindley 
described the species. 

CYMBIDIUM GRANDIFLORUM.—Introduced 
co Exeter through Thomas Lobb, the first 
plant flowering in 1860 at Chelsea. Reichen- 
bach at once described it and named it in 
honour of Sir Joseph Hooker. The plant 
had, however, previously been named by 
Griffith, who originally discovered it. 

CYMBIDIUM HuTTONU.—A _ rare and 
remarkable species sent from Java by Henry 
Hutton, in commemoration of whose labours 
and early death it was named. 

CYMBIDIUM WILSONI—Introduced from 
the province of Yunnan, South China, through 
E. H. Wilson, 1901, and first flowered at 
Chelsea, February, 1904. 

CYPRIPEDIUM BARBATUM. — Discovered 
by Cumming in 1840 on Mount Ophir, near 
Malacca, in the Malay Peninsula, and sent 
by him to Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, with 
whom it first flowered. Thomas Lobb 
collected it three years later in the same 
locality, and from his importation the plant 
became generally distributed. 

CYPRIPEDIUM CAUDATUM.—Although 
previously known to science, this species 
remained unknown to_ horticulture until 
introduced by William Lobb in 1847 from 
Peru, where thirty years afterwards it was 
collected by Davis, who at the same time 
sent the variety Wallisu. 

CYPRIPEDIUM CURTIsII—Discovered in 
Sumatra in 1882, and introduced by Curtis, 
whose name it bears. 

CYPRIPEDIUM JAVANICUM—First 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 279 


discovered by the Dutch botanist Reinwardt 
on the mountains of Eastern Java, in 1826, 
though not introduced to European gardens 
until 1840, when Thomas Lobb sent plants 
to Exeter. 

CYPRIPEDIUM LAWRENCEANUM. — Dis - 
covered by F. W. Burbidge, in 1878, in North 
Borneo, at an altitude of 1,000-1,500 feet. 
Dedicated to Sir Trevor Lawrence. 

CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM—The first appear- 
ance of this species came as a surprise. In 
1808, Messrs. Veitch received from Moul- 
mein a consignment of plants of a Cypri- 
pedium supposed to be C. concolor, but 
which, on flowering in the spring of the 
following year, proved to be the beautiful 
C. niveum. 

CYPRIPEDIUM PHILIPPINENSE—This 
species, discovered by the late J. G. Veitch 
in the Philippine Islands, and sent by him 
to Chelsea in 1861, bloomed for the first time 
in March, 1865. It was found established 
on the roots of Vanda Batemanni, to obtain 
which was the object of the voyage, and for 
which the traveller long sought in vain; but 
once happily running the boat ashore in a 
bay of a small island, he was delighted and 
astonished to find the neighbouring rocks 
covered with the plant of which he was in 
quest. 

CYPRIPEDIUM SUPERBIENS.—It is generally 
believed that only two plants of this species 
have ever been introduced, and all now 
growing in Orchid collections have been 
derived from the originals. Messrs. Rollison 
introduced the first plant from Java or 
Assam, and sold it in 1855 to Consul Schiller, 
of Hamburg. The second plant appeared in 
an importation of Cypripedium barbatum, 
collected in 1857 by Thomas Lobb on Mount 
Ophir, near the southern extremity of the 
Malay Peninsula. 

CYPRIPEDIUM TONSUM.—Discovered in 
the mountains of Sumatra by Curtis, who 
collected it, mixed with Cypripedium Curtisii. 
The specific name tonsum refers to the 
absence of black marginal hairs that fringe 
the petals of closely allied species. 

CYPRIPEDIUM VILLOSUM.—First discovered 
by Thomas Lobb on the mountains near 


280 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Moulmein at 4,000-5,000 feet elevation, and 
introduced by him in 1853. Has been largely 
used for hybridising purposes. 

DENDROBIUM ACROBATICUM.—Introduced 
from Moulmein, and named acrobaticum by 
Reichenbach on account of the peculiar 
erowth of the bulbs, which reminded him of 
acrobatic contortions. 

DENDROBIUM ALBOSANGUINEUM.—Intro- 
duced in 1851 through Thomas Lobb, who 
found it on the hills near the Atran river. 
It occurs in several places of Burmah, always 
on the tops of the highest trees. 

DENDROBIUM ATRO-VIOLACEUM. — Intro- 
duced from Eastern New Guinea, and 
flowered for the first time in Europe in April, 
1890. 

DENDROBIUM CRASSINODE.—Sent to Kew 
and to Chelsea by Col. Benson in 180608, from 
Moulmein. It flowered simultaneously in 
both establishments in January, 18609, but 
had previously been made known to science 
by the Rev. C. Parish, who sent a sketch of 
it to Sir W. J. Hooker. 

DENDROBIUM CRETACEUM—Sent to 
Exeter by Thomas Lobb, who detected it in 
the Moulmein district. The specific name, 
from creta, “chalk,” refers to the colour of 
the flowers, which appear in May and June. 

DENDROBIUM MHUTTONI—A very 
beautiful variety of D. superbum, the sepals 
and petals being pure white. Discovered in 
Timor, one of the islands of the Malay 
Archipelago, by Henry Hutton in 1868. 

DENDROBIUM JAMESIANUM.—Introduced 
through Col. Benson by whom it was 
discovered in British Burmah, and dedicated 
by Reichenbach to the late Mr. James 
Veitch, junior. 

DENDROBIUM JOHANNIS.—A__ peculiar 
species having brown twisted sepals and 
petals, and a bright yellow lip, discovered in 
1865 in North-East Australia by the late 
John Gould Veitch, who sent plants to 
Chelsea, where it flowered in August of that 
year 

DENDROBIUM LEUCOLOPHOTUM.—Intro- 
duced through Curtis from the Malay 
Archipelago. It has the habit of flowering 
during November and December. The 


[September, 1913. 


specific name is from the Greek, “a tuft of 
long white hair,” and refers to the long one- 
sided racemes of white flowers, which bear 
a fancied resemblance to a horse’s mane. 

DENDROBIUM MACROPHYLLUM, VARIETY 
HuTTONI—A white variety of the type, 
and very rare. The plants were sent from 
the Moluccas by Hutton. The variety of 
macrophyllum known as Veitchianum was 
sent to Exeter in 1846 by Thomas Lobb, who 
found it in the jungles in the island of Java. 

DENDROBIUM SUPERBIENS.—One of the 
finest of the Australian Dendrobes, a native 
of York Peninsula and some of the islands 
in Torres Strait, whence it was introduced 
by Messrs. Veitch in 1876, through the late 
Sir William MacArthur, of Sydney. 

DENDROBIUM SUPERBUM, VARIETY 
ANOSUM.—This variety was introduced to 
England by the collector Cumming, and is 
remarkable for the almost entire absence 
of the rhubarb-like odour which characterises 
the species. Burke’s variety, introduced in 
1883, has large pure white flowers with 
delicate purple lines in the throat. Hutton’s 
variety resembles the latter, but the throat 
is deep purple. 

DENDROBIUM TAURINUM, VARIETY 
AMBOINENSE.A_ form of the Philippine 
“ Bull’s Head” Dendrobe, introduced through 
David Burke from the island of Amboina, 
and first flowered at Chelsea in 1897. The 
colour of the flowers differ from that of the 
type, the sepals being greenish-yellow 
suffused with bronzy-brown; the petals are 
deep purple-brown, as are the side lobes of 
the lip, the front lobe more nearly resembling 
the sepals in colour. 

DENDROBIUM TORTILE—Introduced 
through Thomas Lobb in 1847 from 
Tenasserim. The twisted sepals and petals 
of the flowers suggested the specific name. 
In colour they are rosy-lilac, with a pale 
yellow lip blotched with purple at the base. 

DENDROBIUM TRANSPARENS.—Discovered 
by Dr. Wallich in the early part of the last 
century, but not introduced to European 
gardens till 1852, in which year Thomas 
Lobb sent plants to Exeter. 

(To be continued.) 


September, 1913. | THE “ORCHID. WORLD. 281 


SOME IDEAS ON 


ORCHID HYBRIDISATION. 


By J. M. BLACK. 
(Continued from Vol. Il, page 79.) 


Noezliana and Cochlhoda vulcanica. 

There are now hybrids between 
C. Noezliana and C. vulcanica respectively 
and most of the more important Odonto- 
glossum species, and we are, consequently, 
pretty well acquainted with their behaviour 
as parents in the first degree—how they 
overwhelm almost to extinction the identity 
of everything with which they are crossed. 
As a parent in the second degree there 
is little or no evidence yet of how C. vulcanica 
will act, but it has been demonstrated that the 
brilliant colour of C. Noezliana may be entirely 
lost in its secondary hybrids, a really remark- 
able fact considering that its primary hybrids 
are frequently richer in colour than itself. 
Although further great development may 
safely be predicted in the increasingly 
important Odontioda section of cool-house 
Orchids, it is going to be no question of 
crossing and raising with a fixed standard 
resulting ; in Cochlioda secondaries, to go no 
further, there is going to be a wide range 
of varietal forms—mostly poor, but with 
compensating good forms—wider extremes 
than are to be expected in secondaries within 
the limits of one genus. 

One of the most extraordinary species in 
its genus is Odontoglossum Harryanum. It 
is highly scented, richly coloured, and of a 
thick, fleshy substance, and with sepals of 
much fuller dimensions than the petals, and 
possessing a fine, square, strongly-charac- 
terised labellum that is a distinguishing 
feature in all its offspring, no matter how far 
removed; but although the flower is large 
and carried in goodly numbers on a noble 
spike it can hardly claim to have ever been 
a really popular Orchid. O. Harryanum has 
been a victim to its own fine qualities. The 
very fleshiness, or substance, which the 
Orchid grower admires so much in his flowers 
has become a defect in Harryanum, imparting 
a heaviness that causes the flowers to droop 
forward, and the colour has been laid on 


Ce etis transmission of Cochlioda 


with such prodigality as to impart a sense of 
cloudiness. Its remaining fault is that the 
flowers do not open fully, being more 
inclined to offer to view the outer and duller 
surface of the segments. Yet, paradoxically, 
the very imperfections of this Orchid have 
made of it the best of parents. Having a 
fine constitution, and accommodating itself 
willingly to be either seed-bearer or pollen 
parent, it has taken a predominant part in 
revolutionising the colour, size and vigour of 
the inmates of the modern cool Orchid house. 

Among Odontoglossums the two most 
finished products of Nature found in a wild 
state are O. Pescatorei1 and O. crispum. In 
importations of the latter a good many 
blotched forms have been found, no doubt 
mostly, if not all, of hybrid origin, while 
among importations of the former very few 
spotted or blotched forms have appeared, 
presumably because of its purer descent. 
The colour on the Pescatorei however, 
whether on the labellum or other segments, 
is invariably rich, a kind of solid blue-purple, 
and hybrids from it inherit this colour gladly. 
O. crispum blotchings are more generally 
chocolates and merging into terra-cotta, in 
which we may surmise the influence of 
luteo-purpureum, while others more nearly 
approach the maculations sparingly present in 
Pescatorei, but always some shades less in 
density, and here we may surmise the 
influence of Hunnewellianum, for among the 
latter an occasional variety has a _ violet 
bloom over the chocolate. The richer colour 
of Pescatorei although sparingly in existence 
in itself, and usually localised in the labellum, 
is a factor—if I may be permitted the use of the 
word—which seems eagerly anxious to escape 


_frem the narrow confines assigned to it in 


this species. A comparison between the 
hybrids derived from O. Pescatorei and those 
derived from O. crispum will nearly always 
disclose a superiority in colour in favour of 
the former, the shape in the aggregation being 
better as well, and this notwithstanding that 


ho 
[ove) 
to 


Pescatorei has a smaller and thinner flower. 
Of course, a statement of this kind is meant 
to convey what is true in a general sense, 
and freely allows for what would appear to 
be contradictory evidence in an individual 
hybrid or particular strain of hybrids. 
Compare O. Rolfea (Pescatore: x Harry- 
anum) with crispo-Harryanum (crispum x 
Harryanum); Ossulstoni (crispo-Harryanum 
x Pescatorei), or Lambeauianum (Rolfeze x 
crispum) with amabile (crispum x  crispo- 
Harryanum); Odontioda Vuylstekee (C. 
Noezliana x O. Pescatore1) with Bradshawiz 
(C. Noezliana x O. crispum), and the influence 
of the peculiar colour of Pescatorei will be 
apparent. 

The mystery surrounding the lineage of so 


many of the blotched “crispums,” which were . 


greedily and justifiably used in the beginning 
by hybridists, prepares one for many seeming 
inconsistencies in the offspring from these 
sources ; and yet, perhaps, the best illustration 
of the powerful colour of Pescatorei is to 
be found in many varieties of O. ardentis- 
simum and QO. eximium, the primary and 
secondary hybrids between that species and 
Pescatorel. 

Odontioda, a happy and euphonious word, 
compounded from Odontoglossum and Coch- 
lioda, suggests, as it implies, a hybrid con- 
taining a generous part each of Cochlioda 
and Odontoglossum ; but the few secondary 
Cochhoda hybrids it yet has been permitted 
me to flower have sorely tried my conscience 
with the name, and I can imagine in the near 
future good, bad, and indifferent hybrids 
labelled Odontioda with no trace at all of 
Cochlioda on the surface, and that, after all, 
is where it should be. I am not writing this 
by way of discouragement, for, as I have 
already said, there are to be compensations, 
and the Orchid hybridist who is not an 
optimist has missed his true vocation. The 
best secondary Cochlioda Noezliana hybrid 
that it has been my fortune to see is Royal 
Gem, the result of crossing Odontioda 
Vuylstekeee with Odontoglossum ardentis- 
simum, and the worst, Latona, the result of 
crossing Odontioda Bradshawie with Odonto- 
glossum crispo-Harryanum ; but I know that 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


[September, 1913. 


there have been good varieties from the 
latter cross, and I may presume that there 
have been bad in the former, and it is more 
than likely that neither the best nor the 
worst has come under my notice. Many of 
the Odontiodas that have been raised from 
the Cochlhoda species other than Neezliana, 
in comparison are wholly indifferent, and 
although they each in turn may have proved 
a mild sensation when Odontiodas were 
novelties they are likely with time to further 
recede in consequence. Many of them are 
elegant and, grown into strong plants, make 
graceful and useful sprays, but they fall short 
of those essentials which distinguish the 
choice Orchid. An Orchid flower when it 
touched the diminutive cannot be a choice 
Orchid, and although it may have many 
admirable qualities, and may even be a 
stepping-stone to something better, it will 
rarely get beyond the doubtful compliment 
of having botanical interest. 

That we shall yet have Odontiodas as 
large as Odontoglossum crispum and with the 
colour of Cochlioda Noezliana is not open to 
much doubt, and it is also quite conceivable 
that the above species of Cochlioda with the 
assistance of O. crispum, O. Harryanum and 
O. Pescatorei will be sufficient to produce it. 
It is unlikely that it will be produced in 
numbers, but more as an occasional and 
exceptional form, such as is hoped for, and 
sometimes got, when the coveted feature is 
some crossing removed. 

At Chessington, Christchurch Road, 
Streatham, as these notes are being written, 
there is an instructive object lesson on the 
colour tendencies of Cochlioda Noezliana and 
C. vulcanica. There are in flower Odontioda 
Charlesworthii (C. Noezliana x O. Harry- 
anum), O. beechensis (C. N. x O. Rolfez), 
and O. Sandere (C. N. x O. percultum) ; also 
Odontioda Thwaitesii (C. vulcanica x O. 
Harryanum), O. Isis (C. vulcanica x O. Rolfez) 
and O. Stella (C. vulcanica x O. percultum). 
There are thus three C. Noezliana hybrids 
and three C. vulcanica hybrids composed 
respectively of the same constituent Odonto- 
glossum — species. Both the Odontioda 
Charlesworthii and the O. Thwaitesu are 


September, 1913. | 


very well known. The former is practically 
a self coloured solid red flower, while the 
latter is a solid magenta coloured flower, and, 
like the pollen parent, strongly scented. 
O. Thwaitesu is, and probably will remain, the 
most individual and readily distinguishable 
of the Odontioda race. Flowered on plants 
of equal strength, the former is appreciably 
larger while the latter is more floriferous. 

In Odontioda beechensis the colour of 
the O. Charlesworth is fully maintained, 
but is clearer and brighter, while the magenta 
of the O. Thwaitesii is very much reduced 
in O. Isis. In these two hybrids it will be 
noted that the Odontoglossum parent is half 
Harryanum and half Pescatorei. 

Odontioda Sandere further accentuates the 
solid, rich, bright colour of O. Charlesworthii 
and O. beechensis, while Odontioda Stella 
becomes still paler and more washed out 
than O. Isis. In these two hybrids it 
will be noticed that the Harryanum in the 
Odontoglossum parent is reduced to one- 
quarter, while one-half is still Pescatorei, a 
quarter of crispum being introduced. 

There is here in evidence in the Cochlioda 
Neezliana hybrids a brightening of the colour 
without loss of density corresponding to the 
lessening of the O. Harryanum and _ the 
increasing of the O. Pescatorei influence in 
the Odontoglossum parent, while exactly the 
reverse takes place in the C. vulcanica hybrids, 
namely, a steady declension of colour corre- 
sponding to the increase of the Pescatorei 
and the reduction of the Harryanum influence. 

The few Odontioda Vuylstekee (C. 
Neezliana x O. Pescatorei) that we have 
flowered have been without exception 
exceedingly rich, although the Pescatorei 
parent was, of necessity, a plain one; while 
the Odontioda Bradshawie (C. Noezliana x 
O. crispum) have been incomparably paler, 
although in this case a blotched crispum was 
used. This fact goes to further emphasise 
the enriching trend of O. Pescatorei when 
used with C. Noezliana, and has a practical 
value to those who, like the writer, are 
struggling with conflicting and difficult-to- 
diagnose results. 

(To be continued.) 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 


to 
90 
Ww 


ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS. 
Cer marks the commence- 


ment of work in the Odontoglossum 

houses. During the last few weeks 
many of the plants have produced new 
growths, some of which are now sufficiently 
advanced to allow the necessary re-potting 
to be carried out at the most opportune time, 
As soon as root action begins, usually when 
the new growth is two or three inches in 
height, all necessary attention to the compost 
must be done without delay. If this 
operation is deferred until the roots have 
grown to some length, and often over the 
edge of the pot, the amateur will not be best 
pleased when he finds it impossible to replace 
them without breaking off the greater portion. 
Hence the necessity of attending to all details 
of potting directly the opportune moment 
arrives. 

Those who take an interest in the natural 
conditions under which plants grow must have 
noticed the important fact that the old roots 
are rarely disturbed, the plant remains fixed 
to its support, sometimes the branch of a 
tree, at other times a hard rock, and as each 
new bulb is formed so the plant, by its 
lengthening rhizome, gradually, but surely, 
reaches fresh supplies of food. Under the 
artificial conditions of cultivation with which 
we are obliged to place our plants there 
cannot be quite the same facilities for 
reproducing Nature, and so we are, therefore, 
somewhat restricted in the practical part of 
carrying out our ideas. Whatever this 
apparent disadvantage may be, it is more than 
balanced by the protection we are able to 
give our plants, for it must always be remem- 
bered that draughts, oftentimes severe, violent 
storms, and various animals, frequently do 
considerable damage to the plants when 
growing unprotected, as they often are, from 
these dangers. 

Now we must turn our thoughts to the 
practical part. No one expects, nor will they 
ever find, all the Odontoglossums in any 
collection to be in exactly the same condition 
regarding the new growth. On this account 
the work of re-potting should extend over 


284 THE ORCHID WORED: 


a comparatively long period. The so-called 
business-like method of going through a house 
and potting every plant, no matter in what 
condition of growth, or in what state the 
compost is in, cannot, in these advanced days 
of culture, be too severely condemned. Every 
plant should be carefully examined, and those 
requiring immediate attention selected for 
the day’s work. Many plants will not 
produce their new growths until several 
weeks have elapsed, and, consequently, need 
not be attended to until a later period, for, 
with the exception of December and January, 
it matters little at what time of the year 
re-potting actually takes place, the chief 
factor to ensure success in the operation being 
the right condition of the new growth. 

The old method of potting consisted of 
carefully packing the compost so that its 
centre remained several inches above the 
level of the pot. The plant was thus placed 
on the top of the driest portion of the 
compost, and often died for want of water. 
This treatment might suit a very few of the 
Brassavola type of plants, but it is totally 
unsuitable for Odontoglossums. All the 
best results have been obtained when the 
surface of the compost is kept just beneath 
the top of the pot. By this means there is 
every chance of the roots obtaining sufficient 
moisture when water is applied. 

Care should always be taken that the plant 
is not buried too deeply in the compost. 
The new growth is very likely to damp off 
when the compost is brought round it at too 
high a point. The plant should be in such 
a position that the part from which the new 
roots push forth is just covered by the 
surface of the compost. In the actual potting, 
it will be found best to first commence by 
working in the compost round the plant, 
then pressing it fairly firmly and making all 
secure by inserting the remainder along the 
edge of the pot. This will be found a better 
way than pushing in the last portion of the 
compost near the plant, for when so done there 
is much likelihood of the roots being broken. 

It is by no means easy to acquire the art 
of potting Orchids by merely reading printed 
directions; there are so many competent 


[September, 1913. 


men in various parts of the country that it 
is a comparatively easy matter to obtain 
tuition in a practical way, and amateurs will 
find it much to their advantage to obtain all 
the practical advice possible. If a few visits 
to one of the large trade growers can be 
arranged so much the better, for they are 
always willing to assist anyone and render 
the best advice to beginners. 

With regard to the future treatment of 
newly-potted plants. One of the most 
frequent errors among amateurs is the belief 
that plants after disturbance of their roots 
require an extra amount of water to prevent 
the bulbs from shrivelling and the leaves 
from flagging. There is no need whatever 
for this additional moisture, which, more often 
than not, is the cause of the compost 
becoming sour and quite unfit for the new 
roots to penetrate. All newly-potted plants 
should be kept for a few weeks in a shady 
and moist situation, and the foliage be lightly 
sprayed once or twice a day with rain-water. 
Very little ill effects will then be noticed, and 
the leaves will not be lost, as often occurs 
when plants are placed in too dry and 
draughty an atmosphere. The state of the 
compost should be moist, but not sodden in 
any way. The sphagnum moss will always 
serve as a good guide in this matter, for when 
dry it assumes a white appearance, and when 
wet the colour is green. A suitable condition 
of the compost will be obtained by giving 
just sufficient water to prevent the moss from 
losing its green nature. When the plants 
are rooting freely in the compost then slightly 
more water may be given, but care must 
always be taken that an excess does not 
cause sourness, and consequent ill-health of 
the plant. 

Although every inducement should be 
given the plants to make as much growth 
as possible before the dullest of the winter 
months, one cannot too strongly advise 
amateurs to refrain from attempting anything 
of a forcing nature by excess of heat or other 
means in connection with the cultivation of 
Odontoglossums. The finest flower spikes 
are always produced from plants that have 
made a healthy and steady growth under cool 


September, 1913. | THE VORCEMD 


natural conditions. It should be the aim of 
every grower to first obtain strong plants. 
Nothing succeeds like success, and the 
continual increase in the size and vigour of 
the plants is the greatest of all encourage- 
ments that amateurs can ever wish to have 

Insect pests will find their way to Orchids 
quite as easily as they do to other plants. 
The chief trouble with Odontoglossums is 
thrip. These small insects, almost invisible 
to the naked eye, multiply at a rapid rate, 
and do considerable damage in a very short 
space of time. Their favourite habitation is 
in the centre of the new growth and on the 
flower spikes, where they cause a burnt and 
rusty appearance. Fumigation with nicotine 
is generally used, and proves effectual when 
the house is fairly new and can be made 
air-tight, but in older houses, which are 
generally leaky, this method will not be 
found so good, and resource must then be 
had to washing the plants with liquid 
insecticide, usually a longer process, but 
generally more efficient. Many expert 
cultivators spray their plants every other 
week with insecticide, and also make a 
practice of washing the flower spikes, for 
thrips are very fond of getting in between 
the flower buds and under the bracts, or 
scale leaves, on the stem. It is advisable to 
mention that care should be taken to prevent 
the wash from entering the compost. The 
spraying and washing is best carried out when 
the weather is not too hot to dry it up before 
the insects are killed. The foliage and 
flower spikes should also be in a dry state 
before commencing the operation, otherwise 
the insecticide, falling on a wet surface, may 
become so diluted as to be useless. 

Towards the end of September some of 
the shading should be removed; that is, of 
course, supposing it to be of the permanent 
kind, which includes whitewash and _ the 
green mixtures sold specially for the purpose. 
All changes from shade to a bright light 
should be carried out by slow stages; the 
plants then have ample time to accustom 
themselves to the new conditions. Any 
sudden change will inevitably bring about 
disaster in the way of burnt leaves and bulbs. 


WORLD. 285 
GHENT EXHIBITION. 


HE great Horticultural Exhibition, 
organised by the Cercle Van 


Houtte, took place August oth 
to 17th, in the Palais de 1|’Horticulture, 
Ghent. Taken on the whole the Exhibition 
was a wonderful plants 
and flowers, such as are rarely seen at 
shows held during an earlier part of the 
year, and for that reason the exhibits were 
of considerable interest. Nearly 600 classes 
were provided in the schedule, and an Inter- 
national Jury took several hours in awarding 


collection of 


the prizes. 

Count Joseph de Hemptinne, President of 
the Society, and several energetic workers, 
have been occupied for some time past in 
the preliminary work connected with the 
formation of a large exhibition, and they have 
visited many other principal shows for the 
purpose of obtaining further information. 
The result was that one of the finest and 
most beautiful exhibitions took place. In 
many respects it was an improvement on all 
past shows, one important point being the 
effective manner in which the masses of 
colour were arranged, and the manner of 
grouping large foliage plants, the whole 
forming a magnificent piece of harmonious 
garden architecture. We have nothing but 
praise for the able manner in which the whole 
proceedings were carried out. 

The Orchids occupied a large part of the 
show, and never before have so many of 
these plants been seen in flower during the 
month of August. It only proves how, with 
a little forethought and method, Orchids can 
now be had in bloom during every week of 
the year. The staging set apart for these 
plants occupied the whole end of the building, 
the various tables being placed on an elevated 
and inclined floor, so that when viewed from 
the distance a wonderful effect was obtained. 

Count Joseph de Hemptinne, St. Denis, 
Westrem, Ghent, was awarded an Objet 
d’Art, value 100 francs, for a fine display of 
Odontoglossum hybrids, those of Harryanum 
being very numerous. Several excellent 
forms of Cattleya Warscewiczii, one being 


280 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


particularly dark; a specimen plant of 
Masdevallia_ bella; Cypripedium Rothschild- 
ianum; and Lelio-Cattleya Black Prince, a 
wonderful variety with the large lip solid 
crimson in colour, were amongst the choice 
specimens. Count Hemptinne also obtained 
the second prize, a Silver Medal, for the 
finest Cattleya, by showing C. Van Houtte, 
a new hybrid between C. Warscewiczu and C. 
Lord Rothschild. 

Mons. Firmin Lambeau obtained an Objet 
d Art, value 200 francs, for a very fine 
exhibit of Cattleyas, which included C. 
Warscewiczil var. Frau Melanie Beyrodt, 
C Hardyana “ Triomphe,” C. Dowiana, and 
several excellent varieties of other species 
and hybrids. Well-flowered plants of 
Dendrobium Dearei and Cypripedium Rolfei 
were also shown. A Silver-gilt Medal was 
awarded to  Brasso-Cattleya Dietrichiana 
albescens, a large creamy-white flower, with 
the bright yellow labellum having a delicate 
rose tint on the border. Mons. Lambeau also 
received a Silver-gilt Medal for Cattleya 
Comet rutilant, being the finest Cattleya in 
the show. The flower has very stiff, erect 
petals, the colour deep glowing purple, the 
lip with a darker band of colour round the 
margin, the throat orange-brown. 

Mons. Ch. Dietrich, Auderghem, received 
a Gold Medal for the most beautiful display 
of Miltonia vexillaria, the specimens being 
a mass of flower, and making a very attractive 
point in the Exhibition. Mons. Dietrich also 
obtained a Silver-gilt Medal for Miultonia 
vexillaria var. G. D. Owen, being the finest 
variety shown. 

Dr. Ballion, Ghent, was awarded an Objet 
d Art, value 100 francs, for the best collection 
of fifty Orchids. | These included Cattleya 
Président Henri de Wilde, with a dark 
labellum, C. Whitei, C. Thurgoodiana, C. 
Warscewiczu var. M. Gottigny, Cypripedium 
Alma Gevaert, a fine albino, Brasso-Cattleya 
Edmondu, a beautiful form, Cypripedium 
selligerum, and many Odontiodas. Dr. 
Ballion also obtained a similar award for the 
best twenty Cattleyas, and a Silver-gilt Medal 
for the best Cypripedium. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 


[September, 1913. 


England, was awarded a Gold Medal for a 
group of choice Orchids, including Bulbo- 
phyllum grandiflorum, B. virescens, Peristeria 
elata, the curious Catasetum Reichenbach- 
lanum, Cypripedium superbiens with eleven 
flowers, C. Maudie magnificum, Cycnoches 
chlorochilon, and many excellent Odontiodas. 
Messrs. Th. Pauwels and Co., Meirelbeke, 
secured an Objet d’Art, value 200 francs, 
for a very extensive and elegant exhibit. In 
it were Bulbophyllum Lobbii with nineteen 
flowers, Cattleya Warscewiczil with over 
thirty blooms, C. Lord Rothschild alba, a 
fine form with creamy-white flowers, Dendro- 
bium Phalaenopsis with twenty-one flowers on 
a single spike, Grammangis Ellisu, one plant 
of which carried two strong spikes of flower. 
Cypripedium Rothschildianum with eight 
blooms, Vanda Parishii, several good Phala- 
nopses, and numerous Miltonias. Messrs. 
Pauwels also received an Objet d’Art, value 
100 francs, for the best collection of twenty 
Cattleyas, and a Gold Medal for a lot of 
Dendrobiums, which included acuminatum, 
Bronchartu, Sandere, and Phalaenopsis. 
Mons. Vuylsteke received an Objet d’Art, 
value 200 francs, for an excellent exhibit 
of Odontiodas, many of which carried 
branching spikes of numerous flowers. The 
Odontoglossums were also first-class, and 
included Roi Albert, a grand flower of the 
amabile section, and Exornatum nivale, a 
very large flower, creamy-white, the lip 
pandurate. Miultonia vexillaria was also well 
shown. This exhibit was quite equal to 
others staged by Mons. Vuylsteke on Spring- 
show occasions, when Odontoglossums and 
Odontiodas are usually in their finest form. 
Mons. Jules Hye de Crom was awarded an 
Objet d’Art, value 200 francs, for an exten- 
sive exhibit, comprising two hundred excellent 
plants of Miltonia vexillaria and Hyeana, the 
variety Empress Augusta being noteworthy. 
A darkly-blotched hybrid between Leopoldu 
and G. D. Owen was included. Other plants 
were Cattleya Dowiana var. Madame J. Hye 
de Crom, similar to the well-known Rosita ; 
Cattleya Dupreana Hyeana; C. Suzanne 
Hye de Crom; the interesting hybrid 
between C. intermedia Aquinii and Aclandie ; 


September, 1913. | THE -ORCHID WORLD, 


287 


Cattleya Dirce magnifica. (R.H.S. Journal.) 
F.C.C., R.H.S., May 22nd, 1912, when exhibited by Lieut.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C_.V.O. 


[September, 1913. 


ORCHID WORLD. 


TENE 


288 


Se S 


Lelio-Cattleya St. Gothard, McBean’s variety. 


F.C.C., R.H.S., October 24th, 1911. 


September, 1913. | 


Masdevallia Harryana alba, with creamy- 
white flowers ; Cypripedium Massaianum with 
fifteen flowers; C. Gaston Bulteel; and a 
good form of Lycaste Skinneri alba. 

Mons. Maurice Verdonck secured an Objet 
d Art, value 100 francs, for an exhibit of 
fifty Orchids, including Dendrobium regium, 
Thunia Marshalliana, Acineta chrysantha, 
Ceelogyne Massangeana, and Cypripedium 
Lawrenceanum with seven flowers. A Gold 
Medal was secured for a fine exhibit of 
Phalenopsis amabilis, nearly fifty spikes 
being shown. 

Mons. René Behiels, St. Nicolas, received 
a Gold Medal for a group containing a 
well-flowered Cattleya Gaskelliana, Dendro- 
bium Sandere, Cypripedium cenanthum with 
ten flowers, and many bright yellow 
Oncidiums. 

Messrs. Jean Van de Putte were awarded 
a Silver-gilt Medal for the best lot of 
Guatemala Orchids. These included Epiden- 
drum nemorale, E. fragrans, Odontoglossum 
grande, Lycaste Skinneri, and some inter- 
esting varieties of Odontoglossum Uro- 
Skinnerii, one of which has light brown sepals 
and petals with a light rose lip, but no spots 
on any portion. The albino form was also 
shown. Messrs. Van de Putte also showed 
twenty-five strong plants of Oncidium 
Wentworthianum, with tall branching flower 
spikes, for which they received a Silver-gilt 
Medal; and a similar award for a collection 
of Orchids suitable for cut-flower purposes. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. received an 
Objet d’Art, value 100 francs, for a choice 
selection of Orchids, including Vanda 
Sandere, V. Marguerite Maron, Trichosma 
suavis, Cypripedium Charlesworthu — var. 
Mons. le Doux, several excellent Odonto- 
glossum hybrids and Aerides species. 

Mons. Chas. Maron, Brunoy, was awarded 
a Silver-gilt Medal for a good group in which 
were nice examples of Vanda ccerulea, Vanda 
Marguerite Maron, Cattleya Kienastiana 
(Lueddemanniana x aurea), Lelio-Cattleya 
Henry Greenwood, a very rich form of 
Cattleya Hardyana, and several Brassavola 
hybrids. 

Messrs. Vacherot and Lecoufle, Boissy St. 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 289 


Leger, received a Gold Medal for their group 
of Carnations and Orchids, the latter including 
Odontioda Thwaitesi, Phalaenopsis amabilis, 
Odontoglossum citrosmum roseum with good 
spikes, and Oncidium pulvinatum with many 
flowered spikes of yellow and brown blooms. 

The Société Horticole Gantoise exhibited 
a very fine specimen of Vanilla aromatica 
variegata in their group, which was awarded 
the prize offered by H.M. the King of the 
Belgians. In the group staged by the Cercle 
Van Houtte were various Orchids that had 


been introduced by M. Van Houtte. 


ROYAL HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 


July 29th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Gn the chair), 
Mr. James O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. 
Veitch, Messrs. R. B. White, W. Bolton, 
W. H. White, S. W. Flory, W. P. Bound, 
J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, J. Charlesworth, 
WarCoub« €2-E- Gurtis, ©. Armstrong, A. 
McBean, F. Sander, Gurney Wilson, C. J. 
WWueds R. Gs Thwartes, A. Dye, and R. A. 
Rolfe. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an 
interesting group of rare species, including 
Oncidium Sandere, Dendrobium Griffith- 
ianum, Coelogyne Meyeriana, and a curious 
Bulbophyllum from West Africa. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, secured a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a group containing the pretty Paphinia 
cristata, the rare Houlletia Wallisu, Miltonia 
Reezlii alba with 13 flower spikes, and the 
elegant Maxillaria meleagris. 

Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, 
were awarded a Bronze Banksian Medal for 
a pretty group of Disa grandiflora raised from 
seed in this country. The plants were less 
than three years old. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co. Southgate, 
obtained a Bronze Banksian Medal for some 
excellent hybrids, which included Cattleya 
Thurgoodiana, and a new cross between C. 
Bowringiana and C. Skinneri. The yellow 


2G0 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


Acineta Barkeri and Cattleya Dowiana were 
also shown. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esg., Streatham (gr. Mr. 
J. M. Black), was awarded a Bronze Banksian 
Medal for an interesting exhibit, the best 
plants being Odontioda Thwaitesu, Cattleya 
Caduceus (Gaskelliana x granulosa), and 
Cattleya Warscewiczi var. Frau Melanie 
Beyrodt. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, 
exhibited Miltonia vexillaria “ Queen Alex- 
andra,” a finely developed flower; M. 
vexillaria radiata splendens; and Aerides 
odoratum album, which the Committee 
decided was a white form of Aerides virens. 

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
(gr. Mr. Farnes), exhibited Odontioda keigh- 
leyensis Ashtead Park variety, a bright scarlet 
form with creamy-white markings on the 
petals ; Odontoglossum eximium “G. Hunt,” 
an elegant variety; and Miultonia Charles- 
worthu. See Awards. 

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, showed 
the rare Odontoglossum Galleotianum, a 
natural hybrid between O. nebulosum and O. 
Cervantesu, and Mawxillaria fractiflexa, with 
curiously twisted segments. 

de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks, exhibited Odontioda Desdemona (C. 
Noezliana x O. Othello), a fine flower with 
the lip particularly well developed. 

Messrs. Manda, St. Albans, showed 
Cattleya Gaskelliana, in three specimens, and 
a good dark form of C. Warscewiczu. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Miltonia Charlesworthu, variety Mrs. Ralli 
(M. vexillaria G. D. Owen x M. Hyeana), from 
Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey—A 
very beautiful flower with soft rose-pink tint, 
the lip having an intensely dark crimson- 
purple blotch of triangular shape, the sepals 
having a small blotch on their basal portion. 

Odontoglossum Queen Alexandra, variety 
Theodora (Harryanum x triumphans), from 
de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Seven- 
oaks.——A very handsome hybrid in which 
the yellow ground colour is blotched with 
chestnut-brown, the immense lip being white 
with rose markings. 


[September, 1913. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 

To Mr. W. H. White, Orchid grower to 
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., for a 
basket of about twenty plants of Habenaria 
rhodochila, all propagated from two or three 
original plants. 

To Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Hay- 
wards Heath, for a well-grown specimen of 
angrecum Eichlerianum, with 1g _ large 
flowers evenly distributed over the whole 
length of the plant. 


August 12th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in th chair), Mr. J. 
O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Gurney Wilson, F. J Hanbury, W. 
H. Hatchery (G4 Hunten; a> yee 
Charlesworth, A. McBean, W. H. White, S. 
W. Flory, W Bolton, de Barri Crawshay, and 
R: A. /Rolte: 

E. H. Davidson, Esq, Orchid Dene, 
Twyford, received a Silver Flora Medal for 
a choice selection, including the beautiful 
Odontoglossum Woodroffez ; Cattleya Fabia, 
in several excellent varieties ; Brasso-Cattleya 
Joan; and Cattleya Hardyana. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, received a Silver Banksian Medal for 
a group of elegant plants. Mention must be 
made of Stanhopea convoluta, the distinct 
Cattleya Fauna, and_ the interesting 
Cycnoches chlorochilon. 

Messrs. J. and A. McBean, Cooksbridge, 
were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a 
good exhibit, in which were several fine 
Odontiodas, the new Lelio-Cattleya Urania, 
Vanda ccerulea, and the interesting Odonto- 
cidium Edwardatum (Od. Edwardii x On. 
serratum). 

H. TT. Pitt, Esq, Stamtord Sits agee 
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a pretty 
group, the best plants being Angraecum 
Scottianum, Miltonia Bleuana, Cypripedium 
Chas. Richman, and Cattleyas aurea and 
Source d’or. 

R. G. Thwaites, Esq. Streatham Hill, 
exhibited various varieties of Odontiodas, 
including Sandere, Thwaitesn and Latona ; 
also Cattleya Pittiana, a distinct form. 


September, 1913. | Li VORGHI DEW ORTD: 291 


Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, showed Dendrobium Hookerianum, a 
beautiful golden-yellow flowered species with 
a well-developed fringed lip. It had already 
received a First-class Certificate in 1870, and 
the Committee now decided that a painting 
should be made of the flower. 

Messrs. Stuart Low and Co.,, Enfield, staged 
Cattleya Dowiana, a good plant of Coelogyne 
pandurata, Leelia crispa, with an abundance 
of flower, and a remarkably fine variety of 
Cattleya Thurgoodiana. A very well-coloured 
variety of Miltonia Phalaenopsis was also 
shown. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, 
exhibited Leelio-Cattleya Phoenix var. King 
George (L.-C. Henry Greenwood x C. aurea), 
a good flower with cream-white sepals and 
petals tinged with purple, the lip dark mauve- 
purple. 

Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, exhibited 
a good variety of Cattleya Atalanta, with 
a spike of ten flowers; and Leelio-Cattleya 
Ophir, E. V. Low’s variety, a large creamy- 
white flower, petals a little whiter, lip 
rose-purple. 

de Barri Crawshay, Esq., Sevenoaks, showed 
Odontioda Leeana, a large and distinct 
flower with oval petals, of red colour, with 
rose-lilac freckling on the lip; also Odonto- 
glossum Queen Alexandra, a bold and dark 
variety, superior in form and with a larger 
lip than the one previously certificated. 

E. R. Ashton, Esq., showed Odontioda St. 
Fuscien Broadlands variety, of scarlet-red 
colour; and Lelio-Cattleya Jessica (L.-C 
Clive x °C. -aurea). 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Lelio-Cattleya Wellesleye var. Flambeau 
(C. Warscewiczu x L.-C. Martinetii), from 
E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford. A very fine 
flower of large size, showing much of the 
former parent. Sepals and petals bright 
purple-rose. Lip broad, crimped, deep 
purple-crimson with radiating lines of gold. 

Lelio-Cattleya Urania (L.-C. Ingramu x 
C. Mantinii), from Messrs. J. and A. McBean, 


Cooksbridge. An exceedingly well-coloured 
flower, showing an improvement on C. 
Mantinu, being much larger and of richer 


colour. 
(Cigiwaropew Ae COMMENDATION 


To Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, for a grand specimen of Crypto- 
phoranthus Dayanus, with an 
number of flowers. 


enormous 


August 20th, 1913. 

MEMBERS of the Orchid Committee present : 
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the chair), Mr. J. 
© Brien» (hon. ‘sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, 
Messrs. Gurney Wilson, J. Charlesworth, 
W. H. White, W. Bolton, W. Cobb, T. Arm- 
strong, F. J. Hanbury, R. Brooman-White, 
R. A. Rolfe, J. E. Shill, A. McBean, A. Dye, 
and Stuart Low. 

Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a good 
group containing Vanda Sanderiana, with a 
spike of 9 flowers; Stanhopea Peruviana ; 
specimen plants of Anguloa Cliftonu; and 
the interesting Catasetum tabulare, the 
labellum of which has a raised table-like 
white centre. 

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards 
Heath, were awarded a Silver Banksian 
Medal for a nice exhibit in which were good 
forms of Vanda coerulea; Brasso-Cattleya 
Moneta, of excellent shape; the pretty 
Paphinia cristata, and good Lelio-Cattleyas. 

Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells, received a Silver Flora Medal for 
some specimen Lzelio-Cattleyas, of which 
mention should be made of Baroness 
Schréder and Geo. Woodhams. Odontioda 
Seymoure (Charlesworthi x Bradshawize) 
was also shown. 

Messrs. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, were 
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for an inter- 
esting exhibit of hybrids, the best being 
Brasso-Cattleya Thetis and Lelio-Cattleya 
Olenus var. Ettrick. 

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill, secured 


292 THE ORCHID WORLD. 


a Silver Banksian Medal for a pretty group, 
in which were good plants of Miultonia 
Bleuana, Lelia monophylla, Bulbophyllum 
barbigerum and Cypripedium Chas. Rich- 
man. Cattleya Gertrude Pitt (Mossize x 
Pittiz) was in good form. 

Messrs. Hassall and Co., Southgate, secured 
a Silver Banksian Medal for a collection of 
pleasing plants. The Cattleyas included 
good aureas, Thurgoodiana, Iris, and a dark 
form of Gaskelliana. | Odontoglossum Uro- 
Skinner1 was also represented by a good 
variety. 

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. Gatton Park, 
Reigate, exhibited Brassia brachiata mag- 
imifica, a very fine form with two spikes 
having a total of 17 flowers. Also a 
specimen Lelia monophylla and Pleurothallis 
velaticaulis, a scarce species. 

Pantia Ral, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, 
exhibited a good variety of Odontioda 
Euterpe, the flowers of scarlet-red with a 
broad labellum. 

H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, 
showed Cattleya Hardyana Goodsonie, with 
creamy-white sepals and petals, and crimson- 
purple lip. 


AWARDS. 


FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. 


Brassocattlelia The Baroness (B.-C. Mrs. 
J. Leemann x L-C. Ophir), from ‘Baron 
Bruno Schroder, Englefield Green, Surrey — 
A beautiful result. Flowers deep canary- 
yellow, the sepals and petals of thick 
substance. The broad labellum crisped and 
slightly fringed at the margin, with a 
creamy-white border, the centre flushed with 
rose, the throat bright yellow. One of the 
finest of the yellow flowering hybrids. 

Odontonia brugensis var. Eileen (Od. 
Edwardiu x M. vexillaria), from J. Gurney 
Fowler, Esq.—A very interesting hybrid, in 
which the flowers are about two inches 
across, of a deep rose-purple colour. The 
labellum pandurate, and with a crimson 
blotch of colour beneath the crest. The 


[September, 1913. 


spike showed some of the bending habit of 
the vexillaria parent. 


AWARDS OF MERIT. 


Cattleya Hardyana var. Mrs. Waters 
Butler, from W. Waters Butler, Esq., 
Edgbaston, Birmingham.—The plant carried 
a spike of four flowers, the large central 
area of the labellum being bright yellow. 
A very effective and unusual result. 

Lelio-Cattleya Marquis de Wavrin, from 
Messrs. Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge 
Wells—An excellent flower, of dark purple 
colour, the labellum being rich crimson- 
purple. 

Lelio-Cattleya Olenus var. Ettrick (C. 
aurea x L.-C. bletchleyensis), from Messrs. 
Veitch and Sons.—A large flower of rich 
purple-mauve colour, the labellum showing 
some sign of C. gigas, but otherwise of dark 
crimson-purple. 


CULTURAL COMMENDATION 


To Mr. J. Collier, Orchid grower to Sir 
Jeremiah Colman, Bart., for a specimen of 
Ornithidium = sophronitis, with numerous 
scarlet flowers. 


MANCHESTER ORCHID SOCIETY. 


July 3rd; 16n3 

MEMBERS of the Committee present :—Rev. 
J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. J. 
Bamber, Dr. “ilartley, VA.) eet ee 
McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, P. Smith; 
H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, A. 
Warburton, and H. Arthur (Secretary). 

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. Ash- 
worth, Esq., Newchurch, and A. Warburton, 
Esq. Haslingden. A Cultural Commen- 
dation and Bronze Medal were awarded to 
Mr. Rogers, gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq., for 
very fine plants of Phalznopsis, etc. Mr. J. 
Birchenall and Messrs. A. J. Keeling and 
Sons also exhibited interesting plants. 


September, 1913. | tHE, ORCHID WORLD: 293 


INDEX. 


A rare event, 2409. 

Acanthophippium sinense, 227. 

Adioda St. Fuscien, 112. 

Aerides Sanderiana, 225. 

Air plants, cultivation of, 27. 

Albinism, 52, 74, 125. 

Among the Orchids, 5. 

An Orchid, 75. 

Angrecum citratum, 278; falcatum, 278; 
infundibulare, 252; Kotschyi, 251, 278. 

Ancectochilus, 249. 

Arachnanthe Cathcartii, 278; Lowii, 278. 

Bifurcated Dendrobium, 49. 

Botanical Certificate, 123. 

Brasso-Cattleya André Maron, 77; fulgens, 
150; Mariliana, 140; Menda, 139; Mende- 
losa, 213; mirabilis, 213; Pittiana, 30. 

Brassocattlelia Astarte, 30; amabilis, 275; 
Excelsior, 213; Figaro, 150; Gerald, 210; 
King Emperor, 191; Nola, 112. 

British Orchids, 8r. 

Bulbophyllum Lobbii, 278. 

Calanthe, culture of, 108; rosea, 278; vestita, 
278; violacea, 154. 

Calendar of Operations for October, 15; 
November, 41; December, 65. 

Catasetum Christyanum, 25; Darwinianum, 
1Q7. 

Cattleya bicolor, 20; Bowringiana, 154, 278; 
Cina slo uMee4 On ear (Comet, 850); 
Dowiana, 278; Gaskelliana, 14; Harris- 
jana, 45; lanthe, 140; Isis, 30; Law- 
renceana, hybrids of, 12; Lord Rothschild, 
139; Mad. Charlier, 55; Madonna, 114; 
Mendelissima, 183; Milleri, 56; Oberon, 
56; Percimax, 112; Rhoda, 21; Schré- 
dere, 82; Tityus, 95; Van Houtte, 275. 

Chytroglossa Marileoniz, 274. 

Certificate of Appreciation, 145. 

Chelsea Show, 216. 

Cirrhopetalum miniatum, 153; robustum, 278. 

Cleisostoma acuminata, 227. 

Ccelia macrostachya, 247. 

Ceelogyne albanense, 254; barbata, 74; 
Dayana, 279; intermedia, 119; Sander- 
jana, 273; Veitchii, 279. 

Colour, 125; distribution of, 170. 

Commencement of cool-house treatment, 256. 

Cycnoches Cooperi, 117, 227; pentadactylon, 
279. 

Cymbidium grandiflorum, 279; Huttom, 279; 
Humblotii, 172; hybrids, 128; Wilsoni, 
279. 

Cypripedium acaule, 246; Amazon, 117; 
Alcinida, 117; barbatum, 279; callosum 
Sandere, 4; Curtisii, 279; caudatum, 183, 


279; Demeter, 95; Eurybiades, 94; 
Idina, 95; insigne Sandere, 164; Jona, 
112; Javanicum, 279; Lawrenceanum, 279; 
Latona, 71; Muriel, 70; niveum, 279; 
Pallasathene, 47; philippinense, 279; 
Roundhead, 171 ; Sir William Chance, 95 ; 
superbiens, 279; Tracery, 55; tonsum, 
279; Viking, 77; villosum, 279. 

Dendrobium acrobaticum, 280;  albosan- 
guineum, 280; atroviolaceum, 280; 
Brymerianum, 102; Creole, 140; cre- 
taceum, 280; Harrisonii, 213; Huttoni, 
280; Jamesianum, 280; Johannis, 280; 
leucolophotum, 280; macrophyllum, 280; 
Schiitzei, 22; Sibyl, 146; superbiens, 280 ; 
superbum, 280; taurinum, 280; thyrsi- 
florum, 127; tortile, 280; transparens, 
280; Wardianum, 195. 

Dendrobiums, 107; of New Guinea, 29. 

Dendrocolla Pricei, 227. 

Dia-Lelia langleyensis, 112. 

Disa grandiflora, 246. 

Disbudding, 78. 

Enormous specimen, 276. 

Epidendrums, 43; congestum, 154. 

Epiphytes in Uganda, 251. 

Epiphytic Orchids, 88. 

Epi-Leelia Australia, 276. 

Eria trilamellata, 226. 

Essen Orchid Show, 79. 

Eulophia acuminata, 154; Allisoni, 154; 
Bakeri, 154; latipetala, 154; Macowani, 
154; Rehmanni, 154. 

Fertilisation, 79, 147, 198. 

Geneties 957,53, 103: 

Ghent Show, 186, 214, 285. 

Glossula calearata, 227. 

Groups, 214. 

Hybridisation, some ideas on, 281. 

Imported seed pods, 194. 

Irregular peloria, 222. 

January, 76. 

Lelia crispa, 3; grandiflora, 250; Gouldiana, 
98, 99; Jongheana and its hybrids, 22 
Susanna, 139. 

Lelio-Cattleya aurensis, 114; Barbara, 151; 
Baskette, 22 Charmian, 77; Cicely, 
114; Duchess of Connaught, 213; Edith 
Blyth, 228; Elste Lemare, 275; ever- 
shotensis, 77; Favorinus, 254; Fred. 
Gott, 6; Fleureauz, 275; Harrianceps, 
112; Hemptinne, 47; Hibernia, 227; 
Helius, 140; Imperatrix Regina, 213; 
Jessica, 275 ; Lady Roberts, 227 ; lilacina, 
30; Mantinensis, 140; Memoria H. A. 
Tracy, 6; Miss Locke, 56; Mrs. Donald 


to 
O 
as 


MacMaster, 6; rubiginosa, 5; Salmonea, 
213; Schr6derascens, 210; Thyone, 55; 
Urania, 291; Valeria, 150; Venusta, 5; 
White, 22 

Liparis nana, 147, 153; lacerata, 246. 

Lissochilus Horsfallii, 100, 223; L. strepto- 
petalus, 215. 

Listrostachys Brownii, 253; fimbriata, 253; 
Montroei, 254. 
Maxillaria fucata, 97; 

tenuifolia, 1. 

Manchester Orchid Society, 24, 48, 72, 96, 119, 
144, 168, 192, 220, 244, 268, 292. 

Mexican Lelias, 28. 

Miltonia hybrids, 202; Charlesworthii, 219; 
Regnellii, 26; Schréderiana, 153 ; Warsce- 
wiczii, as a parent, 277. 

Miltonioda Cooperi, 254. 

Mystacidium gracillimum, 227. 

Nomenclature, 30, 33, 56, 76, 102. 

Notes, 1) 25, 49; 73; 97, 12%. 145; 169; £935 
221, 245, 269. 

Obituary :—J. S. Bergheim, 2; W. Kalbreyer, 
26; A. Ryall, 124. 

Odontioda Brewii, 255; daltonensis, 184; 
Desdemona, 275; Edith, 184; Hebe, 255; 
Hemptinneana, 275; Kitty, 151; Mar- 
garita, 23; Mossie, 151; Penelope, 213 ; 
Red Riding Hood, 150; Stella, 254. 

Odontocidium Edwardatum, 149. 

Odontonia Cybele, 151; Firminii, 117; Lango- 
woyi, 150; Magali Sander, 254. 

Odontoglossum Anthocrene, 149; Atalanta, 
275; auriculatum aureum, 270; Aurora, 
69; Bronze Prince, 254; Calypso, 140; 
Cassandra, 140; Cervantesii, 172; Chiet- 
tain, 213; Clare, 140; Cleopatra, 140, 
149; Conqueror, 213; cristatum, 2; 
Daisy, 184; Don, 140; Dema, 228; Dido, 
149; Demetria, 184; Endymion, 213; 
George Day, 117; Harwoodii, 93; 
Hermione, 255; Hyperion, 254; James 
O’Brien, 150; Lawrecrispum, 151; 
lucidum, 213; luminosum, 213; macu- 
latorei, 112; Minerva, 255; Neptune, 23; 
Rossi, hybrids of, 44; Satupae, 0505 
scintillans, 55; triumphosum, 184; Vesta, 
254; Woodroffez, 23. 

Odontoglossum crispum, cultivation of, 39; 
propagation of, 35. 


Fletcheriana, 191; 


THE ORCHID WORLD: 


|September, 1913. 


Oncidioda bella, 228; cinnabarina, 95; Cook- 
soniz, 123; Marjorie, 56. 

Oncidium bidentatum, 227; McBeanianum, 
213; microchilum, 273. 

Ophrys apifera, 196; arachnites, 246. 

Orchid baskets, 3; Breeding, 86, 103, 105; 
collecting, 174; Conference of 1885, 6; 
of 1913, 75, 93; houses, 3; hunting, 126; 
Exhibition at Calcutta, 173; sale, 170, 
200, 241. 

Orchid collections :—Ashlands, 175; Barrack- 
pore, 201 ; Broadlands, 235; Brunoy, 125; 
Bush Hill Park, 38; Cooksbridge, 114; 
Heightside, 184; Marlfield, 207; Pal- 
merston North, 80; San Francisco, 248; 
South Lodge, 32; West Bank, 10; 
Wilderspool, 157. 

Orchids: Their Popularity and Culture, 135. 

Orchids for Amateurs, 110, 162, 163, 179, 238, 
258, 283. 

Orchids of Selangor, 269; of Western 
Australia, 97. 

Osmunda fibre, 8. 

Parthenogenesis, 98, 122. 

Phalzenopsis intermedia Portei, 92. 

Pollen, theft of, 148, 171, 193, 246. 

Rhynchostylis retusa alba, 74. 

Rodriguezia secunda, 273. 

Royal Horticultural Society, 21, 44, 67, 93, 
116, 141, 165, 188, 215, 241, 265, 280, 

Russian Orchid Book, 274. 

Russian Orchid Society, 75. 

Sander Cup Group, 204. 

Schombolelia Tibibrosa, 275. 

Serrated flowers, 169. 

Shading, 152. 

Sobralia macrantha, 230; m. alba, 195. 

Sophrocattlelia carna, 94; Venus, 228. 

Stanhopea convoluta, 269. 

Stelis barbata, 226. 

Synanthic flowers, 25. 

Then and now, 148. 

Treatment of old plants, 18. 

Vanda coerulea, 248, 270; Marguerite Maron, 
272; Sanderiana, 225. 

Vanilla cultivation, 222. 

Veitch, Messrs. James : their Orchid Collectors, 
262; Orchid species, 278. 

Yorkshire Gala, 244. 


September, 1913. | 


THE ORCHID WORLD. 295 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Aerides Sanderiana, 225. 

Angraecum sesquipedale, 195. 

Brasso-Cattleya Menda, 138. 

Bush Hill Park, 234. 

Calanthes, 109. 

Cattleya A. Dimmock, 13; Bowringiana, 155 ; 
Comet “Princess. Mary,” 51; Dirce 
magnifica, 287; Gaskelliana alba, 14; 
Lord Rothschild albescens, 137; Madame 
le) Doux, “2it Oberon, 236; .Rhoda 
iluminata, 20; Schrédere, 82; Triane, 
31; Warscewiczil, 272. 

Cattleya house at Cooksbridge, 115. 

Cocelogyne Sanderiana, 273. 

Cymbidium Humblotii, 172; insigne, 130; 
Lowianum, 131; Pauwelsii, 185; Wigan- 
lanum, 120. 

Cypripedium Boltonii, 160; callosum Sandere, 
4; caudatum, 182; Godefroyz leucochilum 
Hodgkinsonii, 177; insigne Sander, 159, 
164;  Rolfei, 2178; Roundhead, 171; 
Viking, 77. 

Cypripedium house at Southport, 124. 

Dendrobium Dalhousieanum, 196;  nobile 
virginale, 88; Schiitzei, 19; thyrsiflorum, 
127; undulatum, 20. 

Epi-Leelia Australia, 276. 

Lelia Gouldiana, 99. 

Lelio-Cattleya Helius, 140; McBeaniana, 156; 
St. Gothard, 288. 


Lambeau Gold Medal, 207. 

Liparis nana, 147. 

Lissochilus Horsfallii, too, ror, BOB 

Maxillaria grandiflora, 111. 

Miltonia Phalaenopsis ‘‘ McBean’s Valin,” 203 ; 
vexillaria ““G. D. Owen,’’ 202; v. 
“ Snowflake,’’ 37; Schréderiana, 153. 

Odontioda Boltonii, 158. 

Odontoglossum ardentissimum Robsone, 176; 
Empress of India, 212, 240; eximium 
‘“ Alpha,’ 181; Georgius Rex, 212; 
Harwoodii ‘‘ The Shrubbery var.,’’ 92; 
Jeannette, 44; Lady Pirrie, 209; Mrs. 
Carlisle, 208. 

Odontoglossums, propagation of, 35. 

Odontonia Cybele, 151; Langowoyi, 150. 

Orchid group, 205, 232; house at Barrackpore, 
201; house at Brussels, 152. 

Osmunda fibre collecting, 8, 9. 

Phalenopsis, 271; Aphrodite, 123. 

Portraits :—R. Ashworth, 175; E. R. Ashton, 
295; J. 9. berghem, 2; Wm. Bolton, 
157; D. S. Brown, 194; Mr. and Mrs. le 
Doux, 207. 

Rhynchostylis retusa alba, 74. 

Sobralia macrantha alba, 231. 

Vanda Sanderiana, 225. 

Winter flowering hybrids, 113. 


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